托福寫作要求考生展示自己的詞匯量和語法，而如果考生寫文章時總是反復(fù)使用相同相似的表達(dá)和詞匯，得分就會受到不小影響。今天小編給大家?guī)?0個托福寫作常用表達(dá)和詞匯的替代詞匯總一覽，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

　　10個托福寫作常用表達(dá)和詞匯的替代詞匯總一覽

　　1. The fact is that…

　　替換詞：The reality is that…

　　例句：The reality is that this will be hard, if not impossible, to achieve.

　　2. joy

　　替換詞：happiness/ delight/ enjoyment

　　例句：Only those who love their work can get inside the delight in work.

　　3. sadness

　　替換詞：sorrow/ grief(程度逐漸加深)

　　例句：Tears are signs of gladness as well as of grief.

　　4. danger

　　替換詞：hazard/ peril (后面這個詞語氣很強(qiáng)，危險程度非同一般)

　　[派生] dangerous;hazardous

　　例句：A new report suggests that chewing gum may be a health hazard.

　　例句：They were in peril of death from hunger.

　　5. advertisement/ advertising

　　如果你寫過關(guān)于廣告的題目，就一定體會過不停輪換使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁悶。其實主體段論證中完全可以把廣告類細(xì)化，比如：

　　commercials(電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的廣告)

　　flyers(傳單廣告)

　　billboards(大幅的廣告牌)

　　non-profit advertisements/public-interest advertisements (公益廣告)

　　例句：The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials.

　　6. car

　　替換詞：automobile

　　例句：The great number of automobile accidents emphasizes the need for careful driving.

　　7. famous people

　　替換詞：celebrities (單數(shù)為celebrity)

　　例句：There is nothing worse than suddenly becoming yesterday's celebrity.

　　8. human beings(被考生使用過多)

　　替換詞：humanity(注意這個詞的單數(shù)指人類，復(fù)數(shù)指人文學(xué)科)/the human race

　　例句：They face charges of committing crimes against humanity.

　　9. wealth

　　替換詞：wealthy/ affluent (adj.)

　　fortune(s) (指一大筆錢。fortune作財富的意思時可以加復(fù)數(shù))

　　[相關(guān)] rich

　　例句：He endowed the hospital with half his fortune.Cigarette smoking used to be more common among affluent people.

　　10. skill(技能，本領(lǐng))

　　替換詞：technique(注意這個詞的正確解釋是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)

　　例句：To compete with others and obtain good evaluation, students must learn many techniques and get high grades.

　　托福寫作：段落技巧

　　開頭段

　　開頭段主要用以下幾種方法來組織，即背景法(Background)， 爭議法(Controversy)，提問法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。

　　以背景法為例。背景法一般會提出一種普遍的或值得關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象作為背景 或者是由遠(yuǎn)到近，由大到小地談?wù)摼o扣論題的社會觀點(diǎn)作為背景。背景法開頭段的結(jié)構(gòu)通常如下：背景(1-3句)+論題+反方觀點(diǎn)+(反方理由)+過度+(正方觀點(diǎn))+作者的觀點(diǎn)+作者的理由。以2007年8月11日的獨(dú)立寫作試題為例：Technology makes people's lives more complicated. 題目涉及到了現(xiàn)今社會比較熱門的話題---科技。這樣，我們就可以以這種社會比較關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象作為我們作文的開頭背景。因此這個題目的首段就可以這樣開始：Technology has had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people are having conflicting opinions about whether it has made people's lives more complicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives more convenient。第一句話就是一句緊貼社會的背景，這樣寫不但很容易打開考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦點(diǎn)，還能引起考官的共鳴。

　　中間段落

　　中間段落的文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常如下：Transitional words + topic sentence + development。如果考生在平時能熟練運(yùn)用這樣的一個結(jié)構(gòu)來展開作文，那么考場上就會憑借這份思維定勢來幫助自己抓住每一分。中間三個段落都可以套用這種模式。

　　Transitional words主要有以下三種，即表順序：firstly, secondly, finally (last but not least);表并列：besides, in addition;表對比：in contrast, in comparison。這些銜接詞會讓文章看起來脈絡(luò)清晰，組織嚴(yán)密，也就做到了評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的“well-organized”一條。

　　主題句，顧名思義，向考官展示的是考生作文的主要意旨所以它在中間段落中的作用是至關(guān)重要的。通常主題句應(yīng)該注意一下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1.主題句必須是陳述句。有的考生想在寫作中創(chuàng)新，于是采用反問句或者其他看似多樣化的題目，然而這種多樣性帶來的后果是給考官觀點(diǎn)不明確的印象，很自然地會影響到分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　2.必須表明觀點(diǎn)。如果考生把一句無關(guān)痛癢的話放在主題句的位置上，很顯然無法表明自身觀點(diǎn)。比如像“今天是晴天”這樣的話沒有表明觀點(diǎn);然而 “今天是個好天氣”就包含一種感情色彩在里面，給人一種立場明確的感覺。考生應(yīng)該切記：沒有反駁余地的就不可以作為主題句。

　　3.態(tài)度必須堅決。但是不能極端。

　　4.每段必須有主題句，理論上講沒有主題句是可以的，但是考場上不可以，沒有主題就會浪費(fèi)考官的時間去幫你總結(jié)主題，然而繁忙的考官是不會那么善良地去分析你的題目來抓取你的觀點(diǎn)的。

　　至于中間段落的展開(development)則需要大家學(xué)習(xí)積累一些常用的段落展開方法，比如舉例法、比較法、因果法等。

　　結(jié)尾

　　文章結(jié)尾段落雖然并不像開頭和中間段落那樣重要，然而沒有結(jié)尾的文章是不完整的，不符合基本寫作要求。所以考生在考場上一定要在結(jié)尾處再次聲明自己觀點(diǎn)(restatement)， 或者提出新的希望，或者提出解決問題的方案，從而讓考官有一種善始善終的良好印象。如果考生能做到以上幾點(diǎn)，那么我們的作文構(gòu)思就是比較成功了。

　　托福寫作范文積累

　　Groups or organizations are an important part of some people's lives. Why are groups or organizations important to people?

　　It was said that human beings are social animals. Some might argue human beings should be not called animals, but it’s true that human beings are social. Therefore, it’s of no surprise that groups or organizations are almost an indispensable part of most people’s lives.

　　Most people are afraid of being alone, and for them, being with others is one of the most natural needs. Being a member of a group is comfortable. If an individual has gone so far as to being considered isolated, rumors arise. Others might ponder: what is the matter with that solitary individual? No one would like to be wondered in that way. Being a member of a group is also interesting. Every one has his own special means to pursue of happiness, for example, he might be keen on music concerts, or be fond of stamps collecting. By join a special interest group on his pet topic, he can easily find many people whose interests are similar to his, and can share his pleasure with those who can really appreciate it in proper way.

　　Many people find group or organizations are essential because they know a simple and never-changed fact that every single individuals on this Earth has only limited resources. Groups or organizations are always the best choice for an individual to emancipate himself from limitation. By joining a group, an individual is able share his limited resource with others, and share others’ resources in turn, therefore is virtually able to reach a much larger amount of resources. The most popular resource-sharing activities exist in the Internet. There are numerous BBS on almost every particular topic on various websites, which always makes copious valuable materials readily reachable. No matter what a person is interested in, for example, music, movie, books, or whatever, he will find a right group to join on the internet.

　　In fact, any individual in a sense exists in a certain group: either he is a member of some groups, or he is a leader of a group. Either way, the group is critical to him. He cannot achieve greatness solely by himself, regardless of his status in the group; he needs others, for help, for support, and many other things, since nobody but God, should he be alive, is entirely independent and omnipotent