托福獨立寫作想要拿到高分不僅要寫出好的開頭，還需要有充實的內(nèi)容和漂亮的結(jié)尾。下面小編就和大家分享　托福獨立寫作開頭論述和結(jié)尾應該怎么寫，來欣賞一下吧。

托福獨立寫作開頭論述和結(jié)尾應該怎么寫

一.托福獨立寫作技巧之文章開頭

托福獨立寫作的開頭無外乎介紹背景，引出話題，表明觀點和限定下文發(fā)展四個方面。背景介紹一定要把握住關(guān)鍵詞，不能跑題。很多學員死記硬背了一些開頭句式，遇到什么題目都往里面套，結(jié)果當然很牽強。很多獨立寫作的題目完全可以逆向思維，題目說什么往往現(xiàn)實生活缺什么，可以從相反的方向入手去寫。如：

In order to improve teaching quality, colleges and universities should increase professors’ salary. Do you agree or disagree?

這個題目完全可以圍繞教學質(zhì)量展開，再談到提升教學質(zhì)量的方法，引入題目觀點，后表明自己立場。從反面入手可以談教學質(zhì)量下滑令人擔憂，人們?yōu)樘嵘虒W質(zhì)量在想各種辦法，有人建議增加教授們的工資作為激勵手段，考生此時應表明自己的立場及理由。按這樣的思路，第一段可以輕松達到50詞以上。正如官方指南所講“不要僅僅為了增加文章字數(shù)而死記硬背一些冗長的首末段?！?/p>

Nowadays, the decline of teaching quality has worried the public a lot. Some people suggest that the government should increase salary for professors in college and universities as incentives to improve teaching quality. From my perspective, this is an effective way to make the teaching staff willing to devote to their teaching. I feel this way for two major reasons.

這樣的開頭既能很好地交代背景、引出話題又利于下文的展開。

二.托福獨立寫作技巧之展開論述

根據(jù)OG,評分人員評估考生作文的質(zhì)量，即評估考生如何展開論點，組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)。所以考生要學會用包括事例、細節(jié)、理由等在內(nèi)的各種方式來支持文章的觀點。我的主體段落通常采用總-分-總的思路去寫。主體段落第一句必須是觀點清楚的主題句，這個段落必須圍繞主題句的controlling idea來展開，否則就會出現(xiàn)不切題的可能。論點的展開我通常會用到的寫作手法有原因分析法，后果延伸法，反面假設法或正反對比法以及舉例論證法，最后以歸納總結(jié)作為整個段落的結(jié)束。運用這些方法寫出的文章自然邏輯性強，組織嚴密，能很好地為主題服務。以贊同在公共場合禁煙為例，我的主體段落展開如下：

Firstly, smoking is detrimental to the health of smokers and people around them. It is because tobacco contains many harmful even poisonous substances such as tar and nicotine, which can give rise to many respiratory diseases, say lung cancer. If smoking is prohibited in public places, people do not need to worry about these terrible diseases. A typical example of this is mu uncle, mu mother’s younger brother, who used to smoke many cigarettes a day, and later he was found to be sick with lung cancer. He had to accept an operation to cut off part of his lung. What’ more, he had to suffer from the subsequent chemical treatment. Thus, for the health of smokers and people around, smoking must be banned in public places.

上面這段文章運用這些手法比較容易地寫出127個詞，所以考生在寫主體段落時一定要有清楚的思路，緊扣中心思想，運用上述寫作方法就能較好地把握段落的統(tǒng)一性、漸進性和連貫性，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，條理清晰。

三.托福獨立寫作技巧之總結(jié)全文

很多考生在前文糾結(jié)時間太好，以至于最后沒有時間去結(jié)尾。沒有結(jié)尾的文章結(jié)構(gòu)是不完整的。結(jié)尾可以從單個方面入手：concluding phrase, restatement of your standpoint and summary of your ideas. 從這三個方面入手，考生的構(gòu)思好文章開頭后就可以很快地敲定文章的結(jié)尾。

托福寫作模板:公共交通

托福寫作模板及范文參考：

Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways，or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses，trains，subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.

托福寫作范文參考：

Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways or on improving public transportations? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be involved. However， after carefully pondering it， I buttress the last one， spending the money on improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below：

There is no denying that improving the public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution given off by enormous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation， the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty environment we will live in! Every day breathing into the air filled with the flour of the gasoline， seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our life.

So the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people， to the governments， the protection of environment is especially an undeniable mission. Another reason I agree with it is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of the traffic jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traffic jams” exists， to the businessmen who believe in “Time is money”. Traffic jams not only cost the people time and expense， but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the efficiency of the whole city. I imagine how can a city whose avenue full of traffic jams develop its economics?

Finally， I want to say that improving the public transportation provide a great number of ways of transportation for most of the poor people who can not afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens is not made of only people who has the ability to own a car， but the very poor people are also included. I believe that however the technology is improved， the public apparatus should not be ignored， because it serves the people all over the city.

Nevertheless， the private transportation has its own advantages， for instance， it can save a lot of time in some cases， provide some convenience for people. But improving on roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally. Based on the above discussion， I agree with the opinion that the government should spend money on improving public transportation not only it can protect environment and save time for people， but it also can create a convenient environment for all the citizens.

托福寫作模板:英法戰(zhàn)爭

The war between Britain and France

In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, south Africa ,the West Indies, and Latin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its antagonist’ goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe . this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain’s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties. Britain built coalitions (not dissimilar in concept to today’s NATO) guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonists were poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths; France was predominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships. Accordingly, France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.

French strategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology, and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces. Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal, Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.