進(jìn)入高中后,很多新生有這樣的心理落差,比自己成績(jī)優(yōu)秀的大有人在,很少有人注意到自己的存在,心理因此失衡,這是正常心理,但是應(yīng)盡快進(jìn)入學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)。下面是小編給大家?guī)淼母咧杏⒄Z學(xué)業(yè)水平考試知識(shí)點(diǎn),歡迎大家閱讀!
高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi),間接引語則不用引號(hào)。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對(duì)直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。
1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí),等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化: 根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),都使用陳述語序,但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?,所以變成間接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
1、at
如:常用詞組有: at noon, at night
表示時(shí)間的 at, in, on:表示片刻的時(shí)間,at 8 o’clock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。
in 表示一段的時(shí)間
如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。
on 總是跟日子有關(guān),on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。
2、表示時(shí)間的 since 和 from:since 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用:from 表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。
如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示時(shí)間的 in 和 after:兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后,區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后” ,而 after 則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后),in 短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用,after 短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。
如:We’ll be back in three days.
After seven the rain began to fall.
What shall we do after graduation?
After two months he returned. 注意:after 有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)
4、表示地理位置的 in, on, to:in 表示在某范圍內(nèi),on 指與什么毗鄰,to 指在某環(huán)境范圍之外
如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China.
5、表示“在……上”的 on 和 in:on 只表示在某物的表面上,而用 in 表示占去某物一部分,表示……上。
如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
【動(dòng)詞語法】
1 系動(dòng)詞
系動(dòng)詞亦稱聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞(Link Verb),作為系動(dòng)詞,它本身有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語,后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補(bǔ)語),構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明:有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí),有詞義,可單獨(dú)作謂語。例如:
He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系動(dòng)詞,后跟補(bǔ)足語,說明主語情況。)
He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,單獨(dú)作謂語。
1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞
用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞。例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。)
2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞
用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。
3)表像系動(dòng)詞
用來表示"看起來像"這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。例如:
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動(dòng)詞
感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動(dòng)詞
這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣,變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。(北京安通學(xué)校提供)
6)終止系動(dòng)詞
表示主語已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)"證實(shí)","變成"之意。例如:
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果)
2 助動(dòng)詞
1)協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞的詞叫助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~。助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨(dú)使用。例如:
He doesn′t like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn′t是助動(dòng)詞,無詞義;like是主要?jiǎng)釉~,有詞義)
2) 助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。(北京安通學(xué)校提供)
He has got married. 他已結(jié)婚。
b. 表示語態(tài)。例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國(guó)。
c. 構(gòu)成疑問句。例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構(gòu)成否定句。例如:
I don′t like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強(qiáng)語氣。例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會(huì)。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助動(dòng)詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。
3 助動(dòng)詞be的用法
1) be +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會(huì)。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語現(xiàn)在越來越重要。(北京安通學(xué)校提供)
2) be + 過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)4
一、一般過去將來時(shí)
1.概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was/were +going to + do+其它;主語+would/should + do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were+not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那里。
二、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主語+be +not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感覺如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)5
as 可作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句。
1.as
as可以在限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句中作主語或賓語。
① 在限制性定語從句中,as可跟在由suc, so, the same修飾的先行詞之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 聽過他說話的人,都會(huì)深受感動(dòng)。(as在定語從句中作heard的主語)
I've never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過像他講的這樣的故事。(as在定語從句中作tell的賓語)
He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起別人都搬不起的大石頭。(as在定語從句中l(wèi)ift的賓語)
比較:
在the same