語(yǔ)法很重要。首先,語(yǔ)法可以讓我們獲得對(duì)于語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)性的認(rèn)識(shí);其次,語(yǔ)法可以讓我們?cè)谌粘=涣髦杏酶訙?zhǔn)確的方式表達(dá)我們的想法;下面是小編為大家整理的有關(guān)高考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望對(duì)你們有幫助!
1高中有哪些重點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說(shuō)明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)相同,代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中,名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中,例如:
When h e arrived, John went straight to the bank.
約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),但在口語(yǔ)中也能作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語(yǔ),例如:
I saw her with them , at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓 語(yǔ),them做介詞賓語(yǔ),her作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
a. -- Who broke the vase?--誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me .--我。(me作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It's me.)
說(shuō)明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。
人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換
1) 賓格代替主格
a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后,多用賓語(yǔ)。
---- I like English.--我喜歡英語(yǔ)。
---- Me too.--我也喜歡。
---- Have more wine?--再來(lái)點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?
---- Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保留,則主語(yǔ)只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替賓格
a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。
b. 在電話用語(yǔ)中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和瑪麗通話。
---- This is she. --我就是瑪麗。
注意:在動(dòng)詞be 或to be 后的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。
I thought it was she. 我以為是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to be her.(賓格----賓格)
I was taken to be she.我被當(dāng)成了她。(主格----主格)
They took me to be her.他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格----賓格)
代詞的指代問(wèn)題
1)不定代詞 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式場(chǎng)合使用時(shí),可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he?誰(shuí)也沒(méi)來(lái),是嗎?
2)動(dòng)物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時(shí)也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry.給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。
3)指代車或國(guó)家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時(shí)常用she。
并列人稱代詞的排列順序
1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?/p>
第二人稱 -> 第三人稱 -> 第一人稱
you -> he/she;it -> I
You, he and I should return on time.
2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?/p>
第一人稱 -> 第二人稱 - > 第三人稱
we->you ->They
注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。
a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和約翰惹她生氣了。
b. 在長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩,長(zhǎng)官對(duì)下屬說(shuō)話時(shí),如長(zhǎng)官為第一人稱, 如:I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主語(yǔ)只有第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí),
d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)。
物主代詞
1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
約翰割破了手指,顯而易見(jiàn),他桌子上有個(gè)破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。
名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的--'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
Jack's cap意為 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意為 The cap is his.
2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語(yǔ),例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語(yǔ),例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我愛(ài)我的祖國(guó)就像你愛(ài)你的祖國(guó)一樣深。
c. 作介詞賓語(yǔ),例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說(shuō)的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。
d. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),例如:
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。
雙重所有格
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。
公式為:
a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如:
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
2高中英語(yǔ)的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)是什么
1. be fond of “喜愛(ài),愛(ài)好” 接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?
He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛(ài)他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for 尋找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書(shū)。
hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to/so as to:這兩個(gè)詞組都可引導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ), in order to可放于句首, so as to則不能, 其否定形式為in order not to / so as not to.
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他, 他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。
4. care about
1) 喜歡,對(duì)……有興趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜歡錢(qián)。
2)關(guān)心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.她只考慮自己。她不關(guān)心別人。
3)在乎,在意(接從句或不接任何成分)
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說(shuō)的話。
5. such as 意為“諸如……”,“像……”,是用來(lái)列舉人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門(mén)科目,像物理、化學(xué)。
6.drop a line 留下便條, 寫(xiě)封短信
7. make yourself at home 別客氣;隨便;無(wú)拘束
If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家,自己喝點(diǎn)飲料,隨便一點(diǎn)。
8. stay up 不睡;熬夜
(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
我將回家很晚,不要等我了。
(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
他熬夜看書(shū)直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)。
9. come about 引起;發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生
(1)How did the accident come about?
這場(chǎng)事故是怎么發(fā)生的?
(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.
他們不知道這個(gè)變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。
10. except for 除……之外
(1) except 與 except for 的用法常有區(qū)別。except 多用于引起同類事物中被排除的一項(xiàng)。如:
①He answered all the questions except the last one.
除去最后一個(gè),他回答了所有問(wèn)題。
②We go there every day except Sunday.
除了星期天,我們天天去那里。
(2)except for 用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。如:
①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
除去一個(gè)老太太,這輛公共汽車全空了。
②Your picture is good except for the colours.
你的畫(huà)兒很好,只是某些色彩有問(wèn)題。
(3)但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一個(gè)例子可以是:
He answered all the questions except for the last one.
(4) 另外,在介詞短語(yǔ)之前只能用except,不能用except for。
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.
除了夏季,我們通常十點(diǎn)之前上床睡覺(jué)。
11. end up with 以……告終;以……結(jié)束
The party ended up with an English song.聚會(huì)以一首英文歌結(jié)束。
12. more or less 幾乎;差不多;大約;大概;大體上
(1) I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.
我差不多成功了,而他們沒(méi)有。
(2) Our living condition has more or less improved.
我們的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引進(jìn);引來(lái);吸收
(1) We should bring in new technology.
我們應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新技術(shù)。
(2) He brings in 800 dollars a month.
他一個(gè)月掙八百美元。
14. get away(from) 逃離
(1)The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.
小偷帶著我們所有的錢(qián)從商店逃跑了。
(2)I caught a really big fish but it got away.
我釣到了一條好大的魚(yú),可是它逃掉了。
15. watch out (for)注意;留心
(1)Watch out! There is a car coming.
小心!汽車來(lái)了。
(2)Watch out for the hole in the road.
留神路上的那個(gè)坑。
16. see sb. off 給某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.
明天我到火車站給朋友送行。
17. on the other hand 另一方面(用以引出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn)等,常說(shuō)on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面)
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.
我知道這份工作報(bào)酬不高,但從另一方面來(lái)說(shuō),我也不必工作太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
18. as well as 和,還
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
她不但是攝影師還是個(gè)天才的音樂(lè)家。
19. take place 發(fā)生
take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of 代替、取代
20. on fire 相當(dāng)于burning, 意為“燃燒;著火;起火”,有靜態(tài)的含意。catch fire有動(dòng)態(tài)的含意。
set…on fire/set fire to…用來(lái)表示“使……著火”、“放火燒……”。
Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.瞧,劇院著火了,咱們?nèi)兔然鸢伞?/p>
21. on holiday 在度假,在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的時(shí)候去看望了叔叔。
22. travel agency旅行社
=travel bureau
23. take off
1)脫下(衣服等), 解(除)掉
He took off his wet shoes.他脫下了濕鞋子。
2)(飛機(jī))起飛
The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)時(shí)起飛。起飛非常順利。
3)匆匆離開(kāi)
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.這六個(gè)人上了車,匆匆離開(kāi)去公園。
24. go wrong v. 走錯(cuò)路, 誤入岐途, (機(jī)器等)發(fā)生故障
25. in all adv. 總共
26. stay away v.外出
27. look up 查詢(如賓語(yǔ)為代詞,則代詞放中間)
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查單詞。
相關(guān)詞組:look for 尋找;look after照顧,照料; look forward to期待;look into調(diào)查; look on旁觀;look out注意;look out for注意,留心,提防;look over翻閱,查看,檢查;look around環(huán)視;look through翻閱,查看。
28、 run after 追逐,追求
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同時(shí)追兩只兔子,你一只也抓不到。
29. on the air 廣播
We will be on the air in five minutes.我們五分鐘以后開(kāi)始廣播。
This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.這個(gè)節(jié)目每天在同一時(shí)間播出。
30. think highly/well/much of對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)很高, 贊賞, 對(duì)……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.經(jīng)理對(duì)他非常贊賞。
I think well of your suggestion.我覺(jué)得你的建議很好。
think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……認(rèn)為不好, 好……不在意, 不贊成, 覺(jué)得……不怎么樣
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我覺(jué)得他作為一個(gè)老師不怎么樣。
31. leave out
1) 漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出錯(cuò)了—你漏掉了一個(gè)字母t.
2) 刪掉, 沒(méi)用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我沒(méi)有作出變動(dòng)也沒(méi)有刪掉任何東西。
32. stare at (由于好奇、激動(dòng)等張著嘴巴,睜大眼睛地)凝視,盯著看
Don’t stare at foreigners. It’s impolite.不要盯著外國(guó)人看,這樣不禮貌。
比較:glare at (to stare angrily at)怒視著
這兩個(gè)小男孩互相怒視著,隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)戰(zhàn)。
33. make jokes about 就……說(shuō)笑
They make jokes about my old hat.他們就我的舊帽子說(shuō)笑我。
have a joke with … about…跟某人開(kāi)關(guān)于某事的玩笑。
He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下來(lái)跟我開(kāi)玩笑。
play a joke on…開(kāi)某人的玩笑
We played jokes on each other. 我們互相開(kāi)玩笑。
v. joke about 取笑 They joked about my broken English.他們?nèi)⌒ξ阴磕_的英。
34. take over 接管;接替;繼承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng)繼承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我們的主席走了,因此杰克將接管(他的工作)。
35. break down
1) 破壞;拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說(shuō)和談破裂了。
2)(機(jī)器)損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。
3) 失敗;破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)打消了。
4) 精神崩潰;失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。
5) 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)