你知道by的用法嗎?快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

by的各種用法詳解

by表單位的用法歸納

表示單位，意為“以……計”，其后通常接表示計量單位的單數(shù)名詞，且名詞前要用定冠詞。如：

They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他們所得報酬按小時(月)計。

Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen. 牛奶按品脫賣，黃油論磅賣，蛋類論打賣。

有時也接抽象名詞，此時通常不用冠詞。如：

Bananas are usually sold by weight. 香蕉通常按重量賣。

by表示時間的用法

表示時間，指“最遲在……之前”“到……的時候已經(jīng)”，此時要注意它所連用的時態(tài)。如：

He was very tired by the evening. 他到晚上已經(jīng)很累了。

He has read about 40 pages of the book by now. 現(xiàn)在這本書他已讀了大約40頁。

We will have finished the work by next month. 到下個月我們就會干完了這工作。

By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died. 在醫(yī)生到達(dá)時，病人已經(jīng)死了。

另外，表示時間時，它還可表示“在……期間”，通常連用的名詞是 day, night, moonlight, daylight等，注意名詞前通常不用冠詞。如：

Cats sleep by day and hunt by night. 貓白天睡覺，夜里捉老鼠。

Do you like to swim by moonlight? 你喜歡在月光下游泳嗎?

表示手段或方式等，注意以下用法：

(1) 表示“乘”“坐”時，其后接交通工具(如 bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, ship等)或與交通工具密切相關(guān)的名詞(如air, water, land, road等)，在句中主要用作方式狀語，其中通常不用冠詞或其他限定詞。如：

They came here by the first bus. 他們是坐第一班車來的。

但是，若表示交通工具的名詞前插有定語修飾語，則也可以用冠詞。如：

We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我們坐9:30的火車去。

We went to Shanghai by a large ship. 我們乘一艘大船去上海。

注意，漢語說“步行”，英語習(xí)慣上用on foot, 而不用 by foot。

(2) 注意以下表示方式的有用表達(dá)，其中不用冠詞或其他限定詞：

by phone 用電話 by telegram 用電報

by letter 用信件 by express 用快件

by air mail 用航空郵件 by ordinary mail 用平信

by post 用郵寄 by radio 用無線電

by hand 用手工 by machine 用機(jī)器

注意下面兩例用by與用with的區(qū)別：

The letter was written by hand. 這封信是用手寫的(即不是打印的)。(by hand表示一種抽象的手段，是無形的，注意其中沒用冠詞或其他限定詞)

I write with my hand, but he writes with his mouth. 我用手寫字，但他卻用嘴寫字。(with one’s hand表示一種具體的工具，是有形的，注意其中用了物主代詞)

(3) 后接動名詞表示行為的方式或手段，這是一種常用表達(dá)。如：

He makes a living by teaching. 他以教書為生。

Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left. 鎖這扇門要把鑰匙向左轉(zhuǎn)兩圈。

By 的基本用法

英語介詞是讓我們英語學(xué)習(xí)者感覺最為頭疼的部分，雖然介紹本身都非常簡單易學(xué)，但介紹的用法卻非常復(fù)雜，不易掌握，每個介詞都有不同的用法，下面簡單介紹一些BY的一些基本用法：

第一種：被動語態(tài)中(被 由)

She was hit by a truck.他被一個卡車撞倒了。

A painting by Van Gogh has been sold in New York for more than eighty-two million dollars.

一幅由梵高創(chuàng)作的畫在紐約賣到超過八千二百萬美元。

第二種：通過 使用

Teachers live by selling knowledge.

老師通過知識謀生。

第三種：在……之前 不遲于

It needs to be ready by next fridy

下周五之前準(zhǔn)備好。

第四種：靠近 在……旁邊

She stood by the window 他站在窗戶旁邊

come and sit by me. 來坐在我旁邊。

第五種：路過 經(jīng)過

He walked right by me without even saying hello.

他從我身邊路過，甚至連招呼都沒打。

I pass by the school every day on my way to work.

我每天上班的路上會經(jīng)過這所學(xué)校。

第六種：逐漸的變化

Day by day , she grew weaker.

一天比一天虛弱。

第七種：抓著(物體或者身體)

By the arm

抓著(攙扶)著胳膊。

第八種：By oneself 單獨 獨自一個

He spent christmas all by himself

他自己度過的圣誕節(jié)。

第九種：乘以 除以

What is 36 divided by 4?

36除以4是多少?

第十種：(用于短語中)由于 出于

I met him by chance out walking yesterday.

我昨天外出散步偶然遇到了他。

英語語法專項之介詞 by的14種用法

1. by+交通工具。

表示憑借、乘坐某種交通工具，在句中作方式狀語。如：by car, by plane, by bike 等。

eg. She went to Beijing by air.

2. by +doing sth.

意為"通過做某事”，表示方式、方法、手段等，在句中做方式狀語。

【經(jīng)典考題】

You can improve your English ___B___practicing more.

A. by B. with C. of D. in

注意：對by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作方式狀語， 提問時用how。

—— How do you study for a test?

—— By listeningto tapes.

3. (表示位置)在……近旁;在身邊;靠近。

eg. On a cold evening，It is pleasant to sit bythe fire.

4. (表示時間)不遲于，在什么之前。

eg. Be here by four o'clock. (4:00之前到這兒。)

【經(jīng)典考題】

How many English songs had you learned___A___ the end of last term?

A. by B. with C. at D. in

解析：by the end of last term, 譯為”到上個學(xué)期末“。

5. 表示方向，從……中經(jīng)過。

eg. They came in bythe back door. ( 他們是從后門進(jìn)來的。)

6. 做介詞， 譯為“經(jīng)過”。

eg. He walked by me without speaking. (他走過我的身邊，沒有說話。)

7. 用在反身代詞之前，譯為“獨自”。

eg. Sarah couldn't move the heavy box by herself.。

8. 表示動作的執(zhí)行者，用于被動語態(tài)，譯為：”被，由“。

eg. The glasses are usedby us.

9. 表示“根據(jù)“，“按照”的意思。

eg. What time is it by your watch? (你的表幾點了?)

10. 和take，hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。

eg.I took him by the hand。(我拉住了他的手。)

11.(乘或除)以。

4 divided by 2 is 2. (4除以2等于2)。

12. 表示幅度。

Violent crime has increased by10 percent since last year.( 暴力犯罪自去年以來增加了10%。)

13、以…計;按…計。Billing isby the minute. (以分鐘計賬。)

14. 用于一些固定短語中， 如：

by the way 順便問;one by one 一個接一個的;step by step 一步步地;day by day 一天接一天地;by accident 偶然地…

By的用法很多，但其實很多意思可以整合起來記憶，希望通過整理，對大家學(xué)習(xí)“by"的知識有些幫助。

說說“by”的用法

by |ba?|

prep. adv.

1. near sb/sth; at the side of sb/sth; beside sb/sth 靠近;在…旁邊

a house by the river

河邊的一所房子

The telephone is by the window.

電話在窗戶旁邊。

Come and sit by me.

過來挨著我坐。

2. used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes sth (常置于表示被動的動詞后，表示使為者)

He was knocked down by a bus.

他被公共汽車撞倒了。

a play by Ibsen

易卜生寫的劇本

Who's that book by?

誰是那本書的作者?

I was frightened by the noise.

我被那響聲嚇壞了。

3. used for showing how or in what way sth is done (表示方式)

The house is heated by gas.

這房子是煤氣供暖的。

May I pay by cheque?

我能用支票付款嗎?

I will contact you by letter.

我會給你寫信聯(lián)系的。

to travel by boat/bus/car/plane

乘船 / 公共汽車 / 轎車 / 飛機(jī)

to travel by air/land/sea

坐飛機(jī);經(jīng)陸路 / 海路

Switch it on by pressing this button.

按下這個開關(guān)啟動它。

4. used before particular nouns without the , to say that sth happens as a result of sth (置于不帶the的名詞前，表示原因)由于

They met by chance.

他們不期而遇。

I did it by mistake.

我誤做了這事。

The coroner's verdict was ‘death by misadventure ’.

驗尸官判定是“意外致死”。

5. not later than the time mentioned; before 不遲于;在…之前

Can you finish the work by five o'clock?

你五點鐘前能完成工作嗎?

I'll have it done by tomorrow.

我將于明天之前讓人做完這件事。

By this time next week we'll be in New York.

下星期的這個時候我們將在紐約。

He ought to have arrived by now/by this time .

他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到了。

By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country.

你收到這封信時，我已離開這個國家了。

6. past sb/sth 經(jīng)過

He walked by me without speaking.

他一言不發(fā)地從我身邊走過。

7. during sth; in a particular situation 在…期間;處于某種狀況

to travel by day/night

白天 / 夜間旅行

We had to work by candlelight.

我們不得不借助燭光工作。

8. used to show the degree or amount of sth (表示程度、數(shù)量)

The bullet missed him by two inches.

子彈只差兩英寸就擊中他了。

House prices went up by 10%.

房價上漲了10%。

It would be better by far (= much better) to…

那比…好得多。

9. from what sth shows or says; according to sth 從…看;依;按照

By my watch it is two o'clock.

我的表是兩點鐘。

I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened.

從她的臉色我可以看出，發(fā)生了可怕的事情。

By law, you are a child until you are 18.

按照法律規(guī)定，18歲之前是未成年人。

10. used to show the part of sb/sth that sb touches, holds, etc. (表示觸及或抓住的人或物的部分)

I took him by the hand.

我拉著他的手。

She seized her by the hair.

她揪住她的頭發(fā)。

Pick it up by the handle!

抓著手柄把它提起來!

11. used with the to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring sth (與the連用，表示時間或量度單位)

We rented the car by the day.

我們按日租用汽車。

They're paid by the hour.

他們的報酬是按小時計算的。

We only sell it by the metre.

我們只按米出售。

12. used to state the rate at which sth happens (表示速率)

They're improving day by day.

他們在一天天地改進(jìn)。

We'll do it bit by bit.

我們會一點一點地做。

It was getting worse by the minute (= very fast) .

情況急速惡化。

The children came in two by two (= in groups of two) .

孩子們一對一對地走了進(jìn)來。

13. used for giving more information about where sb comes from, what sb does, etc. (補(bǔ)充有關(guān)出生地、職業(yè)等的信息)

He's German by birth.

他是德國血統(tǒng)的。

They're both doctors by profession.

他們兩人的職業(yè)都是醫(yī)生。

14. used when swearing to mean ‘in the name of ’ (起誓時用)以…的名義

I swear by Almighty God…

我以全能上帝之名發(fā)誓…

15. used to show the measurements of sth (表示尺寸時用)

The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet.

房間15英尺寬20英尺長。

16. used when multiplying or dividing (用于乘除運算)

6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.

6乘以2等于12。

6 divided by 2 equals 3.

6除以2等于3。

習(xí)語

by the by/bye

= by the way at way n

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