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從零開始學(xué)語法：dare的兩種用法

Dare, meaning have the courage to do something, can also be used in two ways: Dare的意思是 有勇氣做某事 ，它也有兩種用法： dare 作實義動詞 .as an ordinary verb followed by an infinitive with to, wit

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Dare, meaning have the courage to do something, can also be used in two ways:

Dare的意思是“有勇氣做某事”，它也有兩種用法：

dare 作實義動詞

.as an ordinary verb followed by an infinitive with to, with s in the third person singular and with questions and negatives formed with do:

作為實義動詞時，接帶to的不定式，第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時加s，疑問句和否定句用do來構(gòu)成：

He never dares to criticise her for wasting money and she doesn't dare to interrupt him when he's working.

他從不敢批評她浪費錢，而她不敢打擾他工作。

dare 作情態(tài)動詞

.as a modal auxiliary verb followed by an infinitive without to, with no third person singular s and with questions and negatives without do:

作為情態(tài)助動詞時，接不帶to的不定式，第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時不加s，疑問句和否定句不需要用do來構(gòu)成：

Dare she tell him what she thinks about him? She daren't say anything. He will only shout at her. "How dare you speak to me like that?" he will say.

她敢告訴他她對他的想法嗎?她什么也不敢說。他只會對著她咆哮：“你怎敢那樣對我說話?”他肯定會這么說。

比較

Differences in use are not as fixed or clear cut between doesn't dare to and daren't as they are between doesn't need to and needn't, except in expressions or collocations such as:

doesn't dare to與daren't在用法上的差別不像doesn't need to和needn't那么固定或清晰，除了在以下這些表達(dá)和搭配中：

.How dare you?

你怎么敢?

eg: How dare you walk away when I'm talking to you?

我在跟你說話的時候你怎么敢走開?

.I dare you to…

我諒你不敢……

I dare you to go up to him and ask him for a date.

我諒你也不敢走到他面前請他跟你約會。

.I dare say…

我敢說……

I dare say you're pretty hungry after all that cycling.

我敢說你騎了那么久后肯定餓死了。

In this last example, I dare say means I suppose.

最后一例中的I dare say的意思是I suppose，我料想。

【新概念】as的用法小結(jié)

一、as作連詞的用法:

1. 作"當(dāng)……的時候",引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。注意與when、 while的用法區(qū)別。

① when作"當(dāng)……的時候"解,可以指較短的(一點)時間,也可指一段時間。如:

When he was at college, he could speak several foreign languages. (表示一段時間)

When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the street went out. (表示時刻)

② while常表示一段較長的時間或一個過程,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。如:

Work while you work. Play while you play.

③ 但屬下列情形時,只用as, 而不用when或while。

A) 用于表示同一個人的兩種動作交替進(jìn)行,指"一邊……,一邊……"。如:

The girl dances as she sings on the stage.

He looked behind from time to time// as he went forward.

B)表示兩個同步發(fā)展的動作或行為,譯為"隨著……"。如:

As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.

As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.

C)表示兩個短促行為或事件幾乎同時發(fā)生。如:

I thought of it //just as you opened your mouth.

Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.

D) 后接名詞表示某一年齡段時,用as。如:

As a young man, he was active in sports.

2. as=since, 作"既然"、"由于"解,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,常用來表示已為人們所知或顯而易見的原因或理由。如:

As / Since you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.

As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him.

3. as=in the way that, 作"像"、"按照……的方式"解,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。如:

He speaks English as Americans do.

Remember, you must do everything as I do.

4. 用于as...as...或not so/ as...as...中,前一個as是副詞(副詞后面跟形容詞、動詞、副詞),后一個as是連詞(連詞后面可以跟動詞、形容詞、句子),引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。如:

They helped the old man as often as possible.

I don't speak English so/ as well as he does.

5. 作"雖然"、"盡管"解,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。常用倒裝語序,即adj. /adv. / n.+ as +主語+謂語+主句。如:

Tired as they were, they walked on.

Child as he is, he knows a lot. (child前不用冠詞)

二、as作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,作"正如"、"這一點"解 。如:

He is very careful, as his work shows.

As is well-known, Taiwan belongs to China.

另外,當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such等詞修飾時,常用as來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:

Such a clever boy as he can learn anything quickly.

I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.

三、as作介詞的用法:

as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語大多用作狀語,as譯為"作為";少數(shù)情況可引起賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:

As a League member, I'll take the lead in everything. (狀語)

She works as a doctor. (狀語)

They have me as one of their own children.(引起賓語補(bǔ)足語)

定冠詞the的用法解析

定冠詞the與this/that/these/those/同源，意為“這個,那個,這些,那些”等。

(1)特指上文提到過的特定的人或事物

例如：I went to a nearby restaurant. The food there was good, but the service of therestaurant was terrible.我去了附近一 家飯店，那里的飯菜很好，但服務(wù)很糟糕。

(2)特指上文雖未提及，但談話人都知道的 人或事物

例如：Close the windows before you lea ve the lab.離開實驗室前請關(guān)上窗子。

(3)用在表示宇宙間獨一無二的事物的名詞 前。

例如：The sun was shining and birds w ere singing.陽光照耀，鳥兒啼鳴。

(4)用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前表示一類人或事物

例如：The brain is the ce

(5)用在表示地點,方位和時間的固定短語 中

例如：in the world 在世界上

in the country在鄉(xiāng)村

at the corner在拐角處

in the east在東方

(6)用于序數(shù)詞前或比較等級所修飾的名 詞前

例如：He is always the first to come a nd the last to leave.他總是第一個來最后 一個離開。

(7)用于“the+比較級...，the+比較級...”結(jié) 構(gòu)中

例如：The more love we give ,the more love we will receive.我們付出的愛越多， 得到的愛就越多。

(8)用于某些形容詞或形容詞化的過去分詞 前表示一類人或事物

The poor in Afica are still suffering fro m hunger.非洲的窮人依然在挨餓。

(9)用于被演奏的西洋樂器名詞前

例如：Shall we dance to the guitar?我們 可以跟著吉他跳舞嗎?

(10)用于集體名詞,物質(zhì)名詞前

例如：The museum is open to the public .博物館對公眾開放。

ntre of though t.大腦是思維的中心。

(11)用于表示世紀(jì)或年代的詞前

例如：in the 19th century 在19世紀(jì)

in the fifties 在50年代

(12)用于“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位”的 結(jié)構(gòu)中

例如：The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。

A stone hit me in the face as I wal ked by the garden.我從花園旁經(jīng)過時一塊 石頭擊中了我的臉。

(13)用于“by+the+計量單位名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中

by the pound/foot/yard按磅/英尺/碼

(14)用于表示地名,組織名,江河,海洋,海灣,沙 漠等的專有名詞前

例如：the Great wall 長城

the Yellow River黃河