托?？谡Z怎樣提升表達(dá)技巧?合理斷句讓重點(diǎn)更清晰。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈？谡Z怎樣提升表達(dá)技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托?？谡Z怎樣提升表達(dá)技巧?合理斷句讓重點(diǎn)更清晰
為什么托福口語中需要斷句?
在影響托?？谡Z高分的因素中，斷句是非常重要的一個(gè)。因?yàn)橥懈？谡Z是電腦錄音，評判者通過聽錄音來評估分?jǐn)?shù)，考慮到評卷者的“聽覺疲勞”，恰當(dāng)斷句才是有效傳達(dá)信息的關(guān)鍵。所以建議考生在托福口語練習(xí)中不要一味求快，而要注意斷句，掌握托福口語技巧，將自己要表達(dá)的信息表達(dá)完整清晰。
托?？谡Z斷句技巧實(shí)例講解
例：The GreatWall was the greatest man-made military defense structure in ancient China。這個(gè)句子在托?？谡Z表達(dá)中就是一個(gè)能拿高分的句子，但如果大家把他一口氣讀完的話，這個(gè)句子的美感就體現(xiàn)不出來了，而且在錄音的情況下很可能還會(huì)讓評卷者無法聽清楚。于是我們需要借助斷句來表達(dá)，下面我用/作為斷句的標(biāo)志，我們可以這樣來處理這個(gè)句子：
The Great Wall/was the greatest /man-made military defensestructure/in ancient China。
斷句可以稍稍停頓，或者是拉長詞的讀音，我們在wall 的時(shí)候拉長讀音，在greatest和structure后稍作停頓，于是這個(gè)句子聽起來就更加容易理解，因?yàn)槲覀儼丫渥拥囊馊篢he Great Wall、was the greatest、man-made military defense structure、in ancient China劃開了，這樣的托?？谡Z聽起來才更能拿高分。所以在這里，提醒大家，為了使表達(dá)效果更好，使語言聽起來更加悅耳，考生不但要注意發(fā)音，還要注意說話時(shí)的斷句。
學(xué)會(huì)斷句技巧提升考官聽覺體驗(yàn)
斷句對于托?？谡Z高分來說的意義在于讓考官不用費(fèi)力聽就可以很輕松地得到自己想要聽到意群，這是在大家的口語實(shí)力上面進(jìn)行的外包裝，沒有這層漂亮的包裝，大家的口語實(shí)力就會(huì)大打折扣，所以大家在托福口語練習(xí)中一定要注意斷句。
新托福(TOEFL)考試口語部分Speaking Tips
Useful tips: (suitable for all questions)
Make it NATURAL, pauses, such as "well", "urn", and "you know", are advisable, but don't do it too much.
CORRECT your mistakes as soon as you find out, for example, "... I really like standing in, I mean, ON the mountain,"(I know it's a bad example. What I'm trying to clarify is that it is OK to make mistakes, but you gotta correct it once you made it.) so the examiner would not count down your score.
There is NO NEED to use freaking words, like "exonerate", which means absolve, and "flamboyant", which means showy. But those words are good to use in your essay.
"The FIRST way, the LAST way, the NEVER FAILING way to develop self-confidence in speaking is-TO SPEAK." -Dale Carnegie
Independent speaking (Question 1 & 2)
In this section, you are asked to present your own opinion and provide examples to support your ideas.
Useful tips:?
Your answer should he as SPECIFIC as possible. You need to stick to a point UNTIL you finish it, have done with it, and need never return to it again.
The key to score high is to make each point WELL-DEVELOPED, and that DOES NOT mean you need to make as much points as you can, two would be great.
Truth and REASONABLE LIES are totally acceptable.
"DO NOT say "I have three (or whatever) reasons to support my idea", or some thing like that after you state your opinion. There is no guarantee that you are able to finish your answer within 45 seconds. Instead, you can say "I have a couple of reasons to say."
Question 1
Your answer can go like this:
"Personally, I would have to say that, um, my favorite ... is .... And there are a couple of reasons to name. The most important thing is that, you know,.... What's more,.... So that's why...."
Question 2
Your answer can go like this:
"Well, in my opinion, I would definitely agree with the point that, um,.... The first reason that I wanna say is that.... More importantly,.... So, uh, that's why I choose ... for the two reasons listed above."
Integrated speaking (Question 3, 4, 5 & 6)
In this part, you are asked to paraphrase the man/woman's attitude first, and then list the reasons s/he gives. In QUESTION 3, you are NOT asked to present your opinion towards this problem. However, in QUESTION 5, you REALLY need to make a choice between the solutions that the man/woman gives.
名師講解：新托?？谡Z考試秘籍之框架邏輯
如何才能在新托?？谡Z考試中征服考官，取得高分?相信這是所有準(zhǔn)備參加新托?？谡Z考試的考生們都想解開的問題。老師們在對大量的新托?？谡Z考試分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)：新托?？谡Z考試，重在時(shí)刻保持語言的邏輯性，除了要醞釀出豐富內(nèi)容外，還應(yīng)靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識，合理安排出賦于邏輯的內(nèi)容發(fā)展，才能在考試中脫穎而出，贏得考官的贊賞，取得高分。
西方人說話之所以能夠脫口而出、條理清晰，是因?yàn)樗麄冊诒磉_(dá)時(shí)都會(huì)事先在頭腦中形成大致的一個(gè)邏輯框架，即對開頭、中間和結(jié)尾進(jìn)行規(guī)劃。如果考生們能以這樣的思維方式和邏輯與考官的思想達(dá)成共識，離高分也就近了一步。
那么如何才能在短短的回答中讓自己的口語回答顯得條理清晰、具有邏輯性且內(nèi)容完整呢?今天，我們請來了成都備受考生們追捧的新托福口語考試?yán)蠋焷頌榭忌鷤冎v解新托?？谡Z考試秘籍之一：框架邏輯
大家都知道，在口語考試的6個(gè)Task中，前2個(gè)是Independent Task，后4個(gè)為Integrated Task。前面2個(gè)可以直接根據(jù)指令來回答問題，而后面的4個(gè)要以綜合聽力和閱讀的內(nèi)容作答。
在Task 5的時(shí)候，加入的是聽力的內(nèi)容，也就是先聽對話，再根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容回答問題，準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間為20秒，答題時(shí)間為60秒。
Task 5作為4個(gè)Integrated Task中唯一一個(gè)詢問考生觀點(diǎn)的題目，自然要求考生觀點(diǎn)闡述相對于內(nèi)容要更為簡單些。因此，攻破這關(guān)的要點(diǎn)應(yīng)按照“復(fù)述問題-復(fù)述方案-選擇方案-闡明理由”的步驟來進(jìn)行，而這個(gè)步驟也就是我們開頭所提到的邏輯框架。
剛剛新托?？谡Z考試?yán)蠋熤v解的邏輯框架可能很大一部分考生一時(shí)也無法吸收，為了讓考生們能迅速吸收口語考試秘籍之邏輯框架，老師特別將其大致概括為以下四步：
1.General Description of Main Problem
2.Two Possible Solutions
3.Personal Opinion / Choice
4.Supporting Reasons
新托福(TOEFL)考試口語部分中?？碱}
現(xiàn)象 + 舉例
新托?？谡Z考試的最后一關(guān)task 6中，我們唯一所能依靠的聽力材料是學(xué)術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的一篇lecture，少了閱讀材料的輔助，更加深了同學(xué)們對講座內(nèi)容以及對講座(monologue)形式的恐懼感，很多剛剛接觸新托福的同學(xué)甚至對這一部分多少抱有聽天由命的想法。其實(shí)，隨著大家對task 6題目深入的了解，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一部分所出現(xiàn)的lecture雖然內(nèi)容保羅萬象，但是大部分都是按照一種套路進(jìn)行的，也就是：提出一種現(xiàn)象+舉例的模式。了解了講座的常見模式，也就意味著我們在考試時(shí)短時(shí)間內(nèi)組織語言也可以有一套一模一樣的簡潔公式了，也就是topic sentence + example的形式，本文將通過探討一些?？嫉牟煌愋偷膖ask 6真題，使同學(xué)們對這一部分的答題模式更加熟悉以助同學(xué)們備考。
心理學(xué)
真題回顧：
【講課要點(diǎn)】：心理學(xué)中的reinforcement，分為positive reinforcement和negative reinforcement兩種，即增加能夠激發(fā)個(gè)人興趣的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。
【舉例說明】：
1. positive(add the pleasure)：早起獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己好的food，這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種 behavior。
2. negative(remove the unpleasant behavior)，不喜歡早上shower，那么可以改在晚上，這樣人也就不會(huì)那么討厭早起了。
參考范例：
The lecture tells about two main methods which can be used to reinforce people. It states that reinforcement of behavior means that people strengthen certain acts on purpose by using the positive or negative stimulus. Then the professor shows some examples. Let’s suppose that you hate to get up early, but sometimes you have to do so. Then you could choose to encourage yourself to get up early by using either a positive or a negative reinforcement. The positive one is to add the pleasure to your daily life to help you make the decision easier. For example, you can reward yourself with a very nice breakfast if you get up early. A negative one is to remove the unpleasant behavior off your daily routine. For example, If you do not enjoy taking a shower early in the morning, you can take it in the evening instead. Therefore, when you have to get up early in the morning, you might feel better because you have cut things you don’t like out of your morning schedule.
在這道Task6的講座中，professor通過列舉兩個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)早起上班的例子來說明reinforcement這種現(xiàn)象。心理學(xué)方面的問題在Task 6當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的比例還是比較高的，接下來我們再來看一個(gè)心理學(xué)的例子。
真題回顧：
【講課要點(diǎn)】：心理學(xué)中的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制reward。說獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制有兩種效果。
【舉例說明】：
1. 正的。第一種讓這種行為更多的發(fā)生。她的女兒Jenny,不愛收拾屋子，他們就給她錢，這本來是她不愿意做的事情，但慢慢地就自覺自愿地多做了。
2. 反的。第二種導(dǎo)致行為發(fā)生少了。又是Jenny，喜歡彈鋼琴，他們就獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)她，但是彈得少了，因?yàn)橛X得彈鋼琴變成了一種義務(wù)chore,就像收拾屋子。T
參考范例：
In the lecture the professor tells about the rewarding strategy in Psychology. He states that reward can influence people’s behavior in two ways: positively and negatively. Then the professor goes on to further explain that by taking her daughter — Jenny for an example. Jenny doesn’t like cleaning up the room, so he gives her money to encourage her to do that. And gradually, she likes the work and does it more often，which is the positive effect that rewarding has. But on the other hand, something that a person likes to do may become the daily chores because of the rewarding system. For example, Jenny likes to play the piano，but when her parents give her a reward, she, on the contrary, plays less often ‘cause she thinks playing the piano, just like cleaning the house, is a kind of chore，that is negative effects that rewarding has.
托福(TOEFL)口語考試：如何應(yīng)對敘述性問題
敘述性問題常常出現(xiàn)在口語部分的第一第二題，通常針對日常生活中常見的人事物提出問題，考生進(jìn)行描述或表達(dá)自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。此類題目更多的是考查考生的思維應(yīng)對能力。托福研究中心的老師建議，考生在回答的過程中，應(yīng)該注意以下幾個(gè)方面：
1、盡量按照總分的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行敘述，單刀直入，這也是西方人習(xí)慣的表達(dá)方式。由一句主題句引出觀點(diǎn)與中心，讓考官能夠清晰地得知敘述的主題，從而打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。如果在考題中出現(xiàn)了問題，則應(yīng)該開門見山地回答問題，切入主題，闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，從而為接下來的詳細(xì)敘述理清層次以及節(jié)約時(shí)間，如果有多余的時(shí)間，則可以再增添一句總結(jié)的話語，使敘述詳盡完整。
2、在敘述的過程中應(yīng)該合理地利用邏輯詞匯，這樣使文章的邏輯順暢，條理清晰。愛特精英的專職外教分析：中國人說話習(xí)慣靠上下文去分析句與句的關(guān)系，但是西方人不同，他們習(xí)慣用邏輯連接詞來表達(dá)句子關(guān)系，如果按照中國人的思維去說英語，在外國人看來就是一堆雜亂無章的句子羅列，這樣的分?jǐn)?shù)常常會(huì)十分的不好看。論點(diǎn)的敘述，則應(yīng)該盡量在草稿上簡單羅列，講述時(shí)由淺至深，增強(qiáng)邏輯性與條理性。所以，在練習(xí)口語的過程中，最好請一位外教跟蹤輔導(dǎo)，為學(xué)生糾正口音以及語言習(xí)慣等問題。
3、在描述時(shí)，應(yīng)該盡量將抽象的話語具體化，不能很空泛地喊口號做呼吁，這樣常常收效甚微。西方人習(xí)慣十分具體生動(dòng)的描述，如描述環(huán)境很優(yōu)美，不應(yīng)該僅僅說“it's beautiful outside”，而可以去描述flower，tree，bird等細(xì)節(jié)，增強(qiáng)生動(dòng)性。
4、面對十分概括的問題時(shí)，許多考生會(huì)覺得十分難以開口，只能讓時(shí)間白白流失，痛失了分?jǐn)?shù)。針對這類問題，環(huán)球雅思的口語老師提供了一些常考的口語問題，并給出了詳盡的答案，并指出面對這類問題時(shí)，就應(yīng)該將問題縮小到一個(gè)具體的事物進(jìn)行敘述和討論，縮小問題尋找突破口，這種方法也是所有寬泛問題的應(yīng)對方式。
