托??谡Z(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)是怎么評(píng)出來(lái)的?考官打分方法要點(diǎn)實(shí)例精析,今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福口語(yǔ)備考提分哪些學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)要優(yōu)先完成,希望能夠幫助到大家在托??谡Z(yǔ)中拿高分,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托??谡Z(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)是怎么評(píng)出來(lái)的?考官打分方法要點(diǎn)實(shí)例精析
托??谡Z(yǔ)考官評(píng)分給分實(shí)例1
以口語(yǔ)第二題為例,先來(lái)看一下ETS考官對(duì)于一個(gè)response的點(diǎn)評(píng)。
“This response is sustained and the speech is generally understandable. At times, though, the speaker’s pronunciation makes it difficult to understand the meaning of her ideas. She really gives only reason why she likes shopping. This reason is used repetitively without much elaboration. Shopping is something she likes very much and makes her feel better. She could have added complexity to her ideas by saying something like “when I go shopping, I usually go with friends and we have a good time together without thinking about jobs, or school work.” She also makes some basic grammatical errors and uses a limited range of vocabulary.”
這是對(duì)于一篇Middle level的口語(yǔ)回答的評(píng)價(jià)。從中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1. 發(fā)音:事實(shí)上,托??谡Z(yǔ)考試在發(fā)音方面僅僅是要求考生的發(fā)音是準(zhǔn)確的即可,不論對(duì)于某個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音是不是有濃重的口音,只要這個(gè)單詞的元音發(fā)準(zhǔn)確,重音不說(shuō)錯(cuò)即可,因?yàn)橹灰獫M(mǎn)足了這兩條就可以達(dá)到“make sone’s ideas/meaning understandable”的要求。這一條成為影響我們?nèi)》值氖滓蛩亍?/p>
2. 內(nèi)容:文中評(píng)價(jià)該考生的口語(yǔ)是僅僅提出了自己為什么喜歡購(gòu)物的原因,但也只是在簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)說(shuō)自己喜歡購(gòu)物,卻沒(méi)有用更多的內(nèi)容對(duì)這一原因進(jìn)行闡述。這是導(dǎo)致考生失分最核心的因素。考生普遍強(qiáng)于說(shuō)理卻疏于舉例,而ETS考官,或者西方人的一個(gè)固有觀念就是“口說(shuō)無(wú)憑,舉例為證”。因此,在回答的過(guò)程中,要求speaker用相當(dāng)?shù)钠ㄟ^(guò)一個(gè)具體的事例來(lái)證明或解釋自己之前提出的觀點(diǎn)。
3. 語(yǔ)法:語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題并不是一個(gè)主要的失分點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō)口語(yǔ)是靠?jī)?nèi)容取勝的,而不是華麗的句子。內(nèi)容出彩的情況下,語(yǔ)法上的失誤可以被原諒;但是內(nèi)容部完整或者說(shuō)得不對(duì)的時(shí)候,語(yǔ)法便會(huì)成為考官扣分的又一理由。
托??谡Z(yǔ)考官評(píng)分給分實(shí)例2
再ETS考官對(duì)某考生口語(yǔ)第四題的點(diǎn)評(píng)為例:
“The speaker is fairly fluent and easy to comprehend. However, there is some hesitancy or choppiness, which seems tooccur as she searches for ideas and do not because of linguistic breakdown. In this response, the speaker has more difficulty using effective pause structure.She has a tendency to complete one thought and immediately begin the next, without pausing in between. At times she then stops and restarts the next idea, giving a somewhat rambling quality to the response. Minor but systematic grammatical errors occur but do not interfere with overall comprehensibility. The speaker states the woman’s problem clearly and with ease. Despite minor grammatical errors, she supports her opinion with fairly sophisticated reason.”
這段點(diǎn)評(píng)對(duì)考生極具參考價(jià)值,它告訴我們?nèi)绾卧谧约喊l(fā)音及語(yǔ)言組織能力還有欠缺的情況下依舊取得高分。這是對(duì)一篇high level的回答做出的點(diǎn)評(píng)。我們從評(píng)論中不難看出,考官對(duì)于這段口語(yǔ)還是心存不滿(mǎn)的,但是最終還是給了一個(gè)較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。
不足之處:我們通過(guò)對(duì)于不足之處的分析能夠更清晰地了解ETS考官面對(duì)一道口語(yǔ)回答時(shí)會(huì)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注那些方面。
1. 流利程度:流利與否是第一項(xiàng)評(píng)分點(diǎn)。流利不僅僅是指我們的在回答過(guò)程中是不是出現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的break或者是無(wú)話(huà)可說(shuō),同時(shí)也要求考生不要一直不停地重復(fù)同一個(gè)詞(這是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象)甚至是重復(fù)剛才說(shuō)的短語(yǔ)、句子。
2. 邏輯性:與寫(xiě)作一樣,口語(yǔ)的回答也需要條理清晰,并且在說(shuō)的時(shí)候要通過(guò)一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞將你聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整理復(fù)述,使得聽(tīng)這段口語(yǔ)的人能夠很容易就明白了你講的是什么,這樣就想他傳達(dá)了一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的信號(hào):我聽(tīng)懂了。在上面這段文字中,ETS的考官向我們推薦了一個(gè)方法“pause structure”,即在回答完一個(gè)內(nèi)容的時(shí)候做一個(gè)小小的停頓,告訴聽(tīng)者,下一個(gè)內(nèi)容/觀點(diǎn)要開(kāi)始了。這樣就可以彌補(bǔ)回答中邏輯詞的發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)或者是誤用、漏用帶來(lái)的失分。
3. 優(yōu)勢(shì)之處:盡管這段回答中存在上述諸多的錯(cuò)誤和不足,但是僅僅一下一點(diǎn)就足以力挽狂瀾,追回失分。
4. 準(zhǔn)確性:綜合口語(yǔ)考察的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)就是考試是不是能夠準(zhǔn)確、完整地復(fù)述出conversation或lecture中的內(nèi)容。這是考生在綜合口語(yǔ)中最大的失分原因。通過(guò)對(duì)點(diǎn)評(píng)的解讀,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),需要做的是“state … clearly and with ease”。只要做到了這點(diǎn),把題目要求復(fù)述的內(nèi)同清晰并以一種簡(jiǎn)單的方式說(shuō)出來(lái)了,那么盡管回答中存在一些小小的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(despite minor grammatical errors…),也不會(huì)影響取得高分。
托福考試口語(yǔ)練習(xí)
Describe one of the most important inventions in the last 100 years. (06. 4.28; 07.3.10 考題)
Sample answer:
Some people might think computer is one of the most important inventions in the last century. But I'd say television. Since the invention of TV, human history has started a new page. First, TV allows people to learn about what's going on in the world. With such information, they are able to get a better understanding of the world they live in. What's more, TV provides a lot of interesting programs that many people enjoy after a long day's work. Its visual effect makes people feel less stressed and more relaxed. Most important of all, Television has a great influence on the way people think and talk
托??荚嚳谡Z(yǔ)練習(xí)
Describe the most efficient transportation in your country. (06. 4.8; 06. 12.15 考題)
Sample answer:
The most effective means of transport, I'd say, is bicycle, an indispensable companion of most Chinese even though the private cars are on the rise. Each Chinese family possesses at least one bicycle and it is especially popular among college students. Compared with cars, bicycle still has some advantages. First, it is very convenient due to its small size. It does not need special parking space and can be parked almost everywhere. Second, driven by man power, it doesn't need fuel, so it has nothing to do with air pollution and energy crisis. Third, most people can afford a bicycle, but not a more advanced car.With so many advantages, bicycle will remain to be the most effective means of transport in China in the following years.
托??荚嚳谡Z(yǔ)練習(xí)
1:describe a book you have not read but are interested in
2 do you prefer to take your cellphone always with you or not
3一個(gè)sb建議取消學(xué)生開(kāi)學(xué)和advisor的見(jiàn)面,理由1:advisor能提供的信息網(wǎng)上都有 2:如果取消了,advisor的schedul就不會(huì)那么滿(mǎn)了,所以可以討論其他事
猛男登場(chǎng):不同意 1:advisor 可以提供更多信息 2,只要預(yù)約地夠早,就不存在問(wèn)題
4:就是這篇死機(jī),太陽(yáng)。 閱讀介紹了一種雨林中的寄生植物,然后聽(tīng)力一部分講了它有個(gè)碗狀構(gòu)造,可以接水也可以接動(dòng)植物殘骸,
5:一個(gè)人要演奏,但學(xué)校的禮堂在周末都被預(yù)約了。解決方法1在周三晚上演奏,但觀眾可能不多: 2和另一個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì)一起演奏,但時(shí)間緊張
6:講了包裝盒的兩種改進(jìn)方法:一種是弄得更方便,一種是弄得更美觀
版本二:
1、最想看的但還沒(méi)看過(guò)的書(shū)``本來(lái)想說(shuō)OG``但發(fā)現(xiàn)太大逆不道了``于是說(shuō)國(guó)富論
2、偷聽(tīng)到了~就是人們應(yīng)該把手機(jī)隨身帶著`還是放別的地方而不整天待身上~
3、2個(gè)人討論~報(bào)紙上說(shuō)~要取消一個(gè)座談會(huì)~大概就是advisor和學(xué)生交流~關(guān)于選什么課的~原因是很難定時(shí)間來(lái)滿(mǎn)足雙方~然后男的說(shuō)~這做法不好 因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)上信息不全~人們很難交流哪個(gè)課很好 該選哪個(gè)~還有就是~上網(wǎng)報(bào)名人太多了~到了那天~大家都上去~校園網(wǎng)受不了~ 最后問(wèn)男生看法
4、男生有個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì) 準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)歌唱 女生就覺(jué)得這個(gè)主意很好 但男的說(shuō) 有2個(gè)方案 要不就是自己開(kāi) 但只有周三有場(chǎng)子 怕人少~要不就是和另一個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì)一起在周末搞~你一半我一半這樣~~~ 然后題目問(wèn)你是贊成哪一種方案~~
5、說(shuō)到了銷(xiāo)售~開(kāi)頭就是 我們賣(mài)的不僅僅是產(chǎn)品`````講2種做法~能attract消費(fèi)者~比如包裝用玻璃~看得清楚~或者加些小玩意~這個(gè)拿cookies舉例```` 問(wèn)的是教授介紹了哪2種方法
6、是詞匯很難的植物題 先給文章 說(shuō)一種植物在雨林怎么生存 然后是lecture 說(shuō)的另一植物 有同樣的特點(diǎn) 比如~get suport from the trees~這樣可以長(zhǎng)高~(所以肯定是藤蔓類(lèi)的)陽(yáng)光就可以照到~還有一個(gè)就是他們的shape~可以?xún)?chǔ)存rain water~這樣有需要的時(shí)候就能夠用```最后問(wèn) 通過(guò)對(duì)第二種的描述~說(shuō)說(shuō)第一種在雨林生存有哪些特點(diǎn)
托??荚嚳谡Z(yǔ)練習(xí)
Task 1
What type of music do you enjoy most? Explain why you enjoy this type of music. Include reasons and details in you explanation.
Task 2
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s easier to teach children in primary schools than students in universities. Include reasons and details in your explanation.
Task 3
【大學(xué)通知】:美國(guó)大學(xué)要求參加西班牙Spain留學(xué)交換項(xiàng)目的美國(guó)學(xué)生到西班牙以后住校live on campus。好處1、住宿費(fèi)便宜cheap。好處2、可以和native Spanish speaker住在一起,有利于學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)learn language(Spanish)和西班牙文化。
【學(xué)生議論】:女生反對(duì)此計(jì)劃。理由1、其實(shí)學(xué)生在校園周邊也能找到便宜的房子。她舉了她sister home stay的例子。她已經(jīng)找到一個(gè)本地家庭local family愿意租,房租相當(dāng)便宜。理由2、和美國(guó)學(xué)生住在一起,大家都說(shuō)英語(yǔ),沒(méi)法學(xué)習(xí)improve西班牙語(yǔ)言和文化。所以要搬出去住,只是不要說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
Task 4
【課文要點(diǎn)】:心理學(xué)的一個(gè)概念——effect。大意是:人的想法容易被事先知道的內(nèi)容左右。
【教授舉例】:教授舉了一個(gè)例子:找一組人officers,告訴他們要做更多的工作,讓他們更賣(mài)力。但實(shí)際上工作量不變,結(jié)果那些人都以為自己做了更多的工作。
待證實(shí):藥物的心理效果。教授舉例說(shuō)公司有職員感覺(jué)工作壓力大,然后給他們一種藥,讓他們覺(jué)得是種可以提高精力的維生素,實(shí)際就是一般的藥片,效果是大家的工作量都上升了。
Task 5
【學(xué)生困難】:女生要在校報(bào)發(fā)表一篇paper,但文章寫(xiě)得too long to publish。
【解決方案】:男編輯給他兩個(gè)方案:方案1、刪掉一半cut off the paper / make it shorter就能立即出版。但女生覺(jué)得每個(gè)部分都很重要,不愿意cut,要弄短就只能Summarize了。方案2、到暑期版summer issue上發(fā)表publish。女生不太愿意,因?yàn)槭罴俅蠹叶挤偶倭?,沒(méi)人看得到。
Task 6
【講課要點(diǎn)】:不能自身移動(dòng)的海底sea bottom動(dòng)物dwellers(居民)獲得食物的方法feed有兩種:第一種、active method:舉例:??鹲ea anemone [??nem?ni] 偽裝成植物,寄生在其他動(dòng)物身上,寄主又會(huì)放毒液,這樣sea anemone [??nem?ni]就能捕住食物了。第二種、passive method,舉例:牡蠣Oyster[??ist?],不動(dòng)。坐等海水流把微生物tiny material送到嘴邊