看見話題你腦中空白，并不是你練得太少，而是你讀得實在不多。今天小編給大家?guī)硌潘紝W(xué)習(xí)制勝兵法,希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
雅思學(xué)習(xí)制勝兵法：聊一聊你很著急的英語口語學(xué)習(xí)
當(dāng)我們在談口語學(xué)習(xí)時我們在談些什么?當(dāng)談到口語這個話題時，很多人往往會問“口語應(yīng)該怎么練呢?”這個問題非常有代表性，在回答之前，我們不妨先思考另一個問題，口語真的是靠練出來的嗎?
并不是。一個最常見的說法是，“我口語不好，說英語時頭腦一片空白，一定是因為我練得太少了。”但事實可能并不是如此，你口語不好的真正原因并不是練得太少，而是讀得太少聽得太少了。語言是一個輸入到輸出的過程，聽力和閱讀屬于輸入，而口語和寫作則屬于輸出。如果沒有大量的聽力和閱讀輸入，你的口語將是無源之水，根本得不到有效提升。不知道你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)，身邊口語好的同學(xué)可能不是練得最多的，但他們一定有可觀的聽力和閱讀輸入。
因此，提升口語最重要的一條基本原則是：輸入決定輸出，大量的閱讀和聽力輸入是有效提升口語的前提。
確定了基本原則之后，我們還需要討論更加細(xì)節(jié)的東西，比如口語的分類問題。我們可以把口語粗略地分為兩類。一類叫 General English (生活英語)，另一種叫 Academic English(學(xué)術(shù)英語)。生活英語非常好理解，日常生活中的衣食住行，購物旅游時用到的英語都屬于生活英語的范疇。而學(xué)術(shù)英語則應(yīng)用在相對正式的場合，比如深層次的交流，課堂學(xué)術(shù)討論，演講，辯論，采訪，各種presentation等。
生活英語和學(xué)術(shù)英語的難度也是不一樣的。我們可以用一條學(xué)習(xí)曲線來說明，口語的提升是遵循“先易后難”的原則的。
我相信關(guān)注這個公眾號的朋友們對于自己英語水平的期望都有野心的，我們的目標(biāo)不能僅僅停留在能日常生活出國旅行溝通無障礙的程度，那是歐美小學(xué)生的水平。正所謂取乎其上，得乎其中。能夠講一口用詞得體，文法正宗的英文(Educated English)，寫一手漂亮文章才是我們的追求目標(biāo)。
接下來我們將根據(jù)這條學(xué)習(xí)曲線來談一談口語的提升問題。對于口語提升來說，其大致的學(xué)習(xí)曲線是：先掌握基本的生活英語(初階口語)，然后再慢慢過渡到學(xué)術(shù)英語(高階口語)上來。我們先來看看生活英語。
怎樣提升生活英語水平?
假如你現(xiàn)在處于這樣一種狀態(tài)：平時幾乎沒開口說過英語，一碰到需要說英語時就頭腦一片空白，磨磨蹭蹭說不出一句話來，好不容易擠出來一句可能還是" My English is poor." ，如果要讓你達(dá)到能夠日常生活溝通無障礙的程度，你需要做些什么?
初階口語提升的關(guān)鍵，是口語素材的積累，而口語素材積累很大的一部分其實是詞匯量的積累。也就是說，你說不出什么像樣的內(nèi)容來最根本的原因是你詞匯量太小了，積累的口語素材太少了。 刷過單詞的同學(xué)們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，短期內(nèi)隨著詞匯量的快速上漲，口語水平也會有明顯的提升，最直觀的一個表現(xiàn)是自己能夠表達(dá)的東西變得越來越多了。
所以我們的首要任務(wù)是提升詞匯量。那多大的詞匯量才能達(dá)到日常溝通的基本要求呢?5000?6000?10000? 最有效的一個方法是對語料庫進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計，看看日常生活中究竟有多少常用詞。好在這件事國外早就有人做過了，各大詞典出版社都有統(tǒng)計過，我們可以采用麥克米倫詞典給出的一個數(shù)據(jù)：7500詞。所以如果你想達(dá)到日常溝通的基本要求，詞匯量怎么也不能低于7500吧?
所以現(xiàn)在我們又回到了背單詞的問題上來了。
我一直提倡通過語境來記單詞，在閱讀中記單詞，并使用英英詞典來加深對單詞的理解，這種方法效果最好。
有很多人會問“我能不能先通過背單詞書，使用APP記單詞的形式快速積累單詞，然后再通過閱讀的方法鞏固提高?”這可以算是一種折衷的方法，關(guān)鍵的一步是背完單詞后通過大量閱讀鞏固提高。通過背單詞書得到的詞匯還不是你的，它們只能算消極詞匯，只有通過大量的閱讀聽力重現(xiàn)才可能讓他們變成你的積極詞匯。
在積累基礎(chǔ)詞匯的同時，我們還要通過大量的閱讀和聽力訓(xùn)練來積累口語素材。閱讀和聽力材料的選取應(yīng)符合簡單易懂，貼近日常生活的原則。聽力材料推薦使用ESLPOD，ESLPOD語速適中，材料多為口語體，基本上可以現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用，實用性很高。閱讀材料推薦簡單易懂，詞匯量要求低的原版書，如果是暢銷書更好，比如Charlotte's web,The Houseon Mango Street,The Seven Habits of Highly Efficient People 等。
通過學(xué)習(xí)美劇來提升生活口語水平
你可能會碰到這樣的問題，學(xué)了十年的英語到了國外卻連點杯咖啡都不知道怎么說，一句"How do you like your coffee?" 可能就讓你覺得莫名其妙了。造成這種詭異現(xiàn)象的一個主要原因是學(xué)習(xí)材料與實際生活的脫節(jié)。從初高中到大學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)教材其實都是偏向于學(xué)術(shù)英語，與實際生活英語有不少差別。
而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代帶來的豐富的影視材料可以從很大程度上彌補(bǔ)這個缺憾。比如美劇就可以作為一個很好的生活口語素材來源。并不是所有的美劇都適合用來提高生活口語，要選擇那些與日常生活比較貼近、故事情節(jié)較強(qiáng)的影視材料，如肥皂劇。
推薦一部比較不錯的，美國中產(chǎn)階級肥皂劇 Desperate Housewives(絕望的主婦)，該劇的語言比較簡單規(guī)范地道，而且沒有像情景劇那么多的慣用法、流行語和俚語，非常適合入門。
當(dāng)然，利用美劇學(xué)英語也要按照基本法，不對，是科學(xué)方法，來進(jìn)行。之前很多人想通過看美劇學(xué)英語，結(jié)果經(jīng)常把持不住，只顧著追劇情去了，根本沒心思放在英語學(xué)習(xí)上。建議可以參考下面的方法：
準(zhǔn)備好一小集美劇以及其對應(yīng)的劇本(這個很重要)
1. 先看一遍帶字幕的版本，一遍不夠看兩遍，掃清劇情，以便讓自己接下來的關(guān)注點落在臺詞上
2. 學(xué)習(xí)對應(yīng)的劇本，把劇本中實用的臺詞記下來，做好筆記，遇到不懂的生詞去查英英詞典
3. 把這一集再看一遍，看的時候遮掉字幕，遇到聽不出來的地方就停下看看對應(yīng)的英文字幕
4. 前三步走完后你應(yīng)該對劇情和對白都非常熟悉了，這個時候可以看第三遍，同時進(jìn)行跟讀練習(xí)
上面這個過程近乎自虐，但通過這種方法可以比較有效地學(xué)習(xí)一部電視劇中的精華，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)完幾季Desperate Housewives 對生活口語的提高會有巨大作用。
除了上面這些輸入練習(xí)，如果有條件的話，找一個母語人士聊聊，對生活口語也會有一個拔高和促進(jìn)的作用。目前互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上可以找到相應(yīng)的資源，比如一些語言技能交換網(wǎng)站或者外教課程網(wǎng)站。自己去網(wǎng)上搜一下應(yīng)該有不少。
怎樣提高學(xué)術(shù)英語水平?
通過前面的訓(xùn)練之后相信你的口語已經(jīng)有一定基礎(chǔ)，日?；窘涣鲬?yīng)該已經(jīng)問題不大了。接下來我們要慢慢過渡到學(xué)術(shù)英語上來，實現(xiàn)口語進(jìn)階。
高階口語拼的就不僅僅是單純的詞匯量和口語素材了，還有邏輯，詞匯和語法的多樣性，對英美文化的理解，對上至國際政治下至名人八卦等知識的積累等。比如釣魚島視頻中面對英國人的采訪，大使很巧妙的運(yùn)用了英國首相溫斯頓·丘吉爾的名言 "Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it."，有理有據(jù)，令人信服。而這些離不開平時的積淀。
這個階段的任務(wù)除了繼續(xù)廣泛閱讀外還要有意識地對說話的邏輯進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，在詞匯的多樣性和語法上面下功夫。
么訓(xùn)練?一個方法是精讀外刊，比如說經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人。這本雜志由全球頂級記者執(zhí)筆，文章寫得睿智幽默，邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，用詞往往精準(zhǔn)得像巡航導(dǎo)彈。每周精讀幾篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章(比如Leaders社論板塊)，學(xué)習(xí)它用詞的多樣性和精準(zhǔn)性，感受邏輯層層遞進(jìn)環(huán)環(huán)相扣的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，學(xué)習(xí)怎樣對一個問題抽絲剝繭層層分析最終得到令人信服的結(jié)論。
舉個用詞的例子，比如要表達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑，你能想到幾個詞?大部分人能想到的應(yīng)該是"decline,drop,fall"，我們來看看大神是怎么寫的。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人今年1月份社論板塊有一篇文章：
Eventually, America ran into trouble too. The tech-stock bubble burst in early 2000, prompting a broader share price slump. Business investment, particularly in technology, sank; and as share prices fell, consumers cut back. By early 2001 America, along with most of the rich world, had slipped into recession, albeit a mild one.
Germany’s growth rate has tumbled to around 1%.
But if the world economy does stumble, restoring stability will be harder this time round because policymakers have so little room for maneuver.
短短三段話中表示下降的詞就有“slump, sink, fall,slip into, tumble, stumble”這么多。這些詞難嗎?并不難，完全可以用在口語中，口語中的用詞的多樣性和精準(zhǔn)性就是這樣體現(xiàn)的。
另一個需要注意的地方是語法，學(xué)術(shù)英語中往往會較多使用長句、復(fù)句、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐暾?，這要求我們具有良好的語法句法基礎(chǔ)。因此在這個階段有必要重新鞏固一下語法?？梢韵韧ㄗx一兩本語法，完成書上的練習(xí)，后面在閱讀訓(xùn)練中不斷提高。
高階口語平時的訓(xùn)練可以嘗試一下用口頭作文法。這種訓(xùn)練形式有點像雅思的口試中的卡片題，每次選取一個話題進(jìn)行陳述訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)練的過程中記得用上最近學(xué)到的句式詞匯等知識點，并且要連貫地有邏輯地組織自己的觀點。每個話題的陳述時間是5分鐘左右，過程中可以錄音。陳述結(jié)束后記得進(jìn)行總結(jié)，對剛才說得不好的地方進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，重新陳述，直到滿意為止。(之前我?guī)鸵晃慌笥褱?zhǔn)備雅思口語的時候就用到了這個方法，天天逼著他做話題陳述，后來他雅思口語考了7.5)
以上就是口語提升的主要方法?？谡Z水平的提升并不是一個孤立的過程，在這個過程中也會伴隨著詞匯量水平，聽力水平等綜合英語能力的提升。理論上口語的提升是一個永無止境的過程，我們逆水行舟，奮力向前，究其一生也不過是渴望能夠觸碰到母語水平那條虛線而已。每一個單詞每一個句子的學(xué)習(xí)，最后都是一種修行。
雅思口語高頻話題part2：電子設(shè)備
Describe a time when you started using a new technological device (e.g. a new computer or phone).
It was at my six years old birthday party when I laid my hands on a computer for the first time.
That was 2002 when many families in the city I lived had not had the slightest idea of what a personal computer could do except processing text and screening stock market.
When my father told my to press the button mounted in a big plastic box, I couldn’t tell what my emotions exactly were. As I recall now, it should be a mixture of fear, excitement and expectation. The faintest idea I had about it was that I could write something using the keyboard and draw some simple pictures with a plastic equipment named mouse.
However, as I dived deeper into the computer world and got myself to be the most tech-savvy person in my family, I became very confident to say that greater potential were still to be discovered for the computer.
After a few days as a novice user, I gradually found the potential contained within the gray plastic box. I learnt to install gaming software and played it whenever my parents were not watching, for example the nights when everybody fell asleep.
對于這個雅思口語話題卡的part 3討論，回答的長度如果不夠，那么考官會用更”刁鉆“的問題追問你。所以大家一定要努力完善自己的答案。試著從不同的角度 - 人群， 性格，職業(yè)等方面去拓展
What is the best age for children to start computer lessons?
可以將年齡分為兩個維度：早和晚來思考這一問題，如果站在早的角度可以說兒童的學(xué)習(xí)能力強(qiáng)，更容易培養(yǎng)電腦使用能力，年輕一代的技能水平對于提升整個社會的技能水平也是至關(guān)重要的。
I cannot lock a particular age but I think children should begin to learn them as early as possible. What matters in this scenario is the great learning ability children have.
During their early childhood, children show great potential in learning many kinds of skills as long as they are exposed to such skills. However, young children are inclined to get distracted by other things like computer games or other entertainment. In this case, it’s parents who should step in to guide the children’s interests to the theories and mechanisms behind the games. In this way, children’s potential can be fully exploited so that the chances that they become tech-savvy will increase dramatically.
Do you think that schools should use more technology to help children learn?
實則談在兒童教育中使用科技產(chǎn)品的利弊，可以結(jié)合上一題中提到的優(yōu)點進(jìn)行描述，但同時強(qiáng)調(diào)使用這些產(chǎn)品會占用兒童其他活動的時間，可能會造成一些不良影響，同時部分科技產(chǎn)品的成癮性也不容忽視。
No. On the yes side, people are asserted that technology can be used as facilitators to justify themselves that technology should be used in schools. However, if technology was used by kids in schools, they would not be only to learn better, but will experience consequences that come with it, too. For example, as a group that tends to be distracted by technological devices, children may fall victim to overuse of computer games. Their physical well-being could be at stake because of the lack of exercise. Even worse, these children may be captivated by the violent elements and other contents that are improper in different ways.
Do you agree or disagree that computers will replace teachers one day?
在進(jìn)行人類和電腦作為教師的比較時要從雙方的共性和個性出發(fā)，比如雙方都具備傳遞信息的能力，但目前電腦發(fā)展出和人類一樣的共情機(jī)制依然是一個不可能完成的任務(wù)，從此觀點出發(fā)可以持反對觀點。
No. In some way, computers and teachers are all responsible for passing knowledge to younger generations. In other words, computers can be teachers in this scenario. However, there still lies a great disparity between a person and a computer as for being a teacher. Computer’s lack of empathy makes it impossible to know the progress of each student. Therefore, students can no longer be taught on an individual basis so that many of the children may get left behind. Additionally, human teachers can adjust his or her teaching pace whenever needed but computers can only function according to the programmes that have been engraved deep inside its so-called intelligence.
How much has technology improved how we communicate with each other?
首先明確是談科技對人類交際的積極影響，選擇商業(yè)和教育兩個領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行思考，分別談科技在其中的運(yùn)用。
Advances in technology have led to the birth of many new methods of electronic communication, such as social networking websites and videoconferences. The increase of electronic communication has helped to eliminate time and distance as obstacles to communication. This has been beneficial to many parts of society, including business and education. For business, electronic communication methods used in the workplace include email, voicemail, videoconferences, online newsletters and instant messages, which has increased the flow of communication within workplace. For education, technology has improved the field of cultural education by giving children the opportunity to speak with kids from different cultures. By interacting with children of other cultures through computer-mediated communication, such as instant messages and emails, children can learn first hand about other cultures.
Do you agree that there are still many more major technological innovations to be made?
站在正方觀點，可以思考人類社會對科技進(jìn)步是否依然有需求，一方面仍有大量的未知等待人類未來的探索，同時歷史證明科技的進(jìn)步回報豐厚，人類總結(jié)經(jīng)驗也會選擇繼續(xù)尋求科技突破。
Yes. Though we humans have made great progress in exploring the sea and the space, there still remain vast areas of both of them, hidden from our vigilant eyes. The reason they are masked behind mysteries is that we are still not capable enough to unveil these secrets. From this perspective, technological innovations are still waiting to be made. What’s more. Man has witnessed our society’s great advancements in all different fields thanks to the major technological innovations. Bearing such experience, humans will overcome all kinds of difficulties to keep moving forward. The needs for technological inspirations are so great that a future with staggering technology is hard to imagine.
雅思口語part3：favorite photo
1. What’s the advantages and disadvantages of taking photos with smartphones?
思路分析 ： 優(yōu)點更容易總結(jié)， 例如方便攜帶，更容易傳輸;缺點是失去了拍照的瞬間性，很多擺拍的照片沒有更多的紀(jì)念意義
Well, the first benefit of taking photos with smartphones would be easy transmission. It’s very handy to share a picture with friends as long as there is internet available. It could be even easier if two mobiles are both iPhones, thanks to the airdrop.
Also, compare to the digital cameras which are usually quite bulky, smartphones on the other hand are very portable. And all the functions work automatically which means even if you don’t know anything about photography, there is still good chances to craft nice phones.
Talking about the disadvantages, the only thing I can think of would be that people may not treasure pictures as memories that much as before.
A snap shot serves to crystallize the important moment in your life and that moment lasts for the length of a breath. People are unprepared to be filmed and their emotions are open to interpretation afterwards.
But using smartphones, people tend to take several at the same time with the same pose, and to filter out the best one. I think it lose the real meaning of recording the true life to some extent.
2. What is the benefit of learning painting for children?
思路分析 ： 發(fā)展孩子的想象力從而培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造力是學(xué)習(xí)繪畫帶來的最直接的好處，同時也可以讓孩子還學(xué)去欣賞生活中的美好，進(jìn)而更加尊重生命。
First of all, painting is the easiest way for children to express their imagination. So learning to do that would definitely strengthen their ability to think outside of the box which is significant for their later lives.
because imagination is the basis for creation and innovation, one can’t achieve more in any aspects without it. Apart from that, learning painting could be the best way to teach kids to appreciate beauty and therefore to treasure life.
雅思口語Part3 被認(rèn)為是debate的形式，如果答案準(zhǔn)備的不夠全面充分就很可能會遇到被考官“質(zhì)疑”追著問的情況，所以如果在最開始的回答時就可以盡量完整，那就不會給考官留下“窮追猛打”的機(jī)會啦
雅思學(xué)習(xí)制勝兵法：聊一聊你很著急的英語口語學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)文章：
★ 英語學(xué)習(xí)
★ 英語口語
