GRE寫作的兩篇文章都是議論文題材，因此論據(jù)的選擇就變得十分重要了。選對論據(jù)才能支持自己的觀點讓論述變得更有說服力。下面小編就和大家分享GRE寫作如何用類比法來找論據(jù),希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE寫作如何用類比法來找論據(jù)
GRE寫作ISSUE作文怎么用類比?
ISSUE是立論文，也就是說，我們需要用理由或例子去支持自己的觀點。在英語中有個單詞叫comparable,直譯的話是可比較的，其實它等同于similar(相似的)這個單詞，因為在西方文化中，只有相似的東西才具有可比較性。因此相似性也就成為了整個類比關(guān)系的前提和基礎(chǔ)。
個人認為，類比(Analogy)在上述提到的五種論據(jù)方法中是最有邏輯性的，使用得當(dāng)可以省力又出彩地證明觀點。它有點像中學(xué)時代所學(xué)的幾何題，解題的關(guān)鍵不在論證的過程，而是添加一條輔助線。只要找到合適的輔助線，論證就是水到渠成的事了。當(dāng)我們想論證一個抽象復(fù)雜的命題A——B時，我們可以選擇一個具體形象并且不需要證明的——D來作為輔助線，然后就把原本復(fù)雜的A——B的論證過程替代為論述AB和CD之間的相似性就可以了。這里需要指出的是，所謂具體形象且不需要證明的CD其實指的就是事實或常識。所以類比關(guān)系建立的難點就在與選擇合適的CD.我們來看個例子。
The Negro has callus growing on his soul and it’s getting harder and harder to hurt him there. That’s simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that’s too tight. The foot is nature’s and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later,if you don’t take the shoe off,a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe.
It’s the same with the Negro in America. That shoe—the white man’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it almost destroyed him. But it didn’t. And now a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him too,that callus is going to wear out that system.
很顯然在這段文字中，作者想證明的是全文第二段的最后一句話：And now a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him too,that callus is going to wear out that system。(現(xiàn)在黑人的靈魂中已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了老繭，除非白人的統(tǒng)治體系能調(diào)整以適合他們，否則老繭將使這個體系土崩瓦解。)簡而言之，就是黑人終將沖破白人統(tǒng)治。
黑人反抗白人統(tǒng)治獲得解放這無疑是個非常抽象復(fù)雜的命題。采用一般的例證法，學(xué)生們都不約而同能想馬丁路德金。且不管例子雷同與否，事實上，很少有人能真正清楚又準(zhǔn)確地寫出馬丁路德金的具體事跡來證明這個觀點。甚至還有學(xué)生會想到曼德拉或奧巴馬來證明，實在有失偏頗。
再來看上面這段文字。作者很巧妙地找了CD,即foot(nature)——shoe(put on by man)之間的關(guān)系。鞋子小了，腳穿著會疼，如果不及時脫掉或調(diào)整，腳上會產(chǎn)生老繭。如果鞋子繼續(xù)對腳進行禁錮，那么總有一天，腳會把鞋子穿破。這是一個再平常不過的道理，不需要再花時間進行論證，括號里的就是AB和CD間的相似性，輕松論證了這個復(fù)雜的命題，這就是類比的魅力。
下面再給大家一段文字來體會類比的妙用。
“It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make,independently,the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.”
Another reason why an international effort is required is that other problems of an international nature have also required global cooperation. For example,has each nation independently recognized the folly of nuclear weapons proliferation and voluntarily disarmed? No. Only by way of an international effort,based largely on coercion of strong leaders against detractors,along with an appeal to self-interest,have we made some progress. By the same token,efforts of individual nations to thwart international drug trafficking have proven largely futile,because efforts have not been internationally based. Similarly,the problem of energy conservation transcends national borders in that either all nations must cooperate,or all will ultimately suffer.
類比，這種說理手段對大家而言其實并不陌生。在中國古文中如《老子》，《莊子》等都很擅長把深刻的道理用顯而易見的故事來講述出來，比如刻舟求劍等。另一方面，在詩歌中也會采用大量類比或比喻的手段來把抽象的意境具體化地表現(xiàn)出來。這里選用幾句Tagore(泰戈爾)飛鳥集中的句子來賞析一下希望能給大家些靈感：
Her wishful face haunts my dreams like the rain at night.她的熱切的臉，如夜雨似的，攪擾著我的夢魂。
Woman， when you move about in your household service your limbs sing like a hill stream among its pebbles.(婦人，你在料理家務(wù)的時候，你的手足歌唱著，正如山間的溪水歌唱著在小石中流過。
The touch of the nameless days clings to my heart like mosses round the old tree.無名的日子的感觸，攀緣在我的心上，正象那綠色的苔蘚，攀緣在老樹的周身。
GRE寫作ARGUMENT如何運用類比思維?
我們知道Argument是駁論性文章，也就是找一段文字中的錯誤，進行有理有據(jù)的駁斥。Argument比issue容易些，因為錯誤的類別其實很固定的，俗稱“七宗罪”。在這七宗罪中就有三宗是跟類比有關(guān)系的，分別是：misapplied generalization(概括誤用，即以大推小);hasty generalization(匆忙概括，即以小推大);faulty analogy(錯誤類比)。不管是哪一種錯誤，只要是跟類比扯上關(guān)系，在駁斥時，我們都可以把它簡化成一件事——找相異性。因為對于類比關(guān)系而言，它成立的前提和基礎(chǔ)就是相似性，所以只要找到所比較兩者間的相異性，那么再有邏輯的推理也是不成立的。我們舉個很簡單的例子來說明這個道理。如有這樣一個觀點：
你應(yīng)該請在埃里克的派對中請的那支相同的樂隊，因為他們很棒。
在進行駁斥時，千萬不要花時間去論證埃里克所請的那支樂隊是否很棒，這不是問題的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)鍵是找到兩個派對的相異性，只要能證明這兩個派對沒有可比性，那么無論那支樂隊棒或不棒，都不該請。我們可以從派對參與人數(shù)(比如你的派對1000人，埃里克只有10人)，派對參與對象(你的派對全是年輕人，埃的派對平均年齡88)，派對場所(你的派對在戶外大廣場，埃的在室內(nèi))等等方面提出假設(shè)，進行駁斥。
GRE寫作高分范文：高校教師進修
In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
GRE寫作范文：
Whether college faculty should also work outside academia, in professional work related to their academic fields, depends primarily on the specific academic area. With respect to fields in which outside work is appropriate, I strongly agree with the statement; students and faculty all stand to gain in a variety of respects when a professor complements academic duties with real-world experience.
As a threshold matter, the statement requires qualification in two respects. First, in certain academic areas there is no profession to speak of outside academia. This is especially true in the humanities; after all, what work outside academia is there for professors of literature or philosophy?
Secondly, the statement fails to consider that in certain other academic areas a professor's academic duties typically involve practical work of the sort that occurs outside academia. This is especially true in the fine and performing arts, where faculty actively engage in the craft by demonstrating techniques and styles for their students.
Aside from these two qualifications, I strongly agree that it is worthwhile for college faculty to work outside academia in professional positions related to their field. There are three dear benefits of doing so. First, in my experience as a student, faculty who are actively engaged in their fields come to class with fresh insights and a contagious excitement about the subject at hand. Moreover, they bring to their students practical, real-world examples of the principles and theories discussed in textbooks, thereby sparking interest, and even motivating some students to pursue the field as a career.
GRE寫作高分范文：現(xiàn)代攝像機和印刷術(shù)
GRE寫作題目：
“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”
攝像機可以通過如此精確而有力的記錄手段來再現(xiàn)當(dāng)代生活，因此它已經(jīng)代替書面記錄成為了一種更重要的記錄手段。
GRE寫作范文：
“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”There have been many methods of documenting in the history of human， from carved ancient pottery to sheepskin documents， of which the video camera may be the newest form with certain superiorities and inferiorities to written records. The advantages of video camera certainly make it an important form of documentation， but not to the extent of being more essential than written records due to its disadvantages.
To begin with， video can be interpreted as a series of pictures associated along the time， while written records can be considered as the descriptions of these pictures.Therefore， it is undoubtedly that video contains much more information than that of written records. From a video， we can clearly know what happened with subtle details.Merely with a television set， we can easily watch the happenings at home， such as the Olympic Games， comfortably sitting on the sofa， needless to be present on the spot.
And more excitedly， certain close-up enables us to scrutinize our favorable athletes. If there isn‘t video camera， we may be unable to enjoy such activities unless we can afford time and expense to be on the spot. While it is true that we can also be acquainted with the circumstances through newspaper or other media， however， the written record may be unable to present them as accurate as video. The imagination from the reports， however detailed， dooms to be imaginary， by all means different from the real circumstance， which video can represent. Moreover， the written records may contain some mistakes due to the carelessness or injustice of its reporters， while the video may be more accurate and convincing.
Another strongpoint of video is that it can be perceived simply by visual signals， from which people mainly get information in their daily lives， and therefore this method is more natural than written records. Everyone， ranging from a babbling child to an old grandpa， is able to get some information from the video just as they do during their daily lives， regardless of their literate ability. While the written record， no matter how easily it is represented， requires literacy of its readers， and a newspaper or book means nothing to an illiterate person. In addition， video is much easier to comprehend for people all over the world. For instance， an American can grasp nothing about a story written in Chinese unless s/he has learnt such a foreign language. However， s/he can absolutely understand something about a video recorded in China， although s/he may be confused with the language spoken in the video.
While video is certainly not superior to written recorders in all aspects， its limitations determine that the written record will not be replaced at least at present. The first disadvantage of video is that it is much more inconvenient and expensive. Video must be recorded on the spot， namely， when an event happens to you， you cannot record it unless you have a camera at hand. However， even though you haven’t paper and pencil either， you are still able to recall it to record based on your remembrance.
Therefore， for those who can’t afford a handy camera or who are unwilling to bring it anytime anywhere， the written records may be the easiest form available. Further， another weakness of video is that its cost is too high and its correspondingly high-quality record may be beyond people‘s requirement. The cost of making a written report is much less than that of manipulating a video. Also， every morning we may browse a newspaper to know what happened throughout the world， and the simple report， which may only consume us a few seconds， meets our needs of curiosity; we needn’t the accuracy and vividness of video， which may be more time-consuming.
