雅思寫作四個步驟的搭建過程,好的雅思寫作思路真的很重要。下面小編就和大家分享雅思寫作四個步驟的搭建過程,希望能夠幫助到大家,來欣賞一下吧。
雅思寫作從框架到內(nèi)容技巧
雅思寫作步驟之一:框架構(gòu)建
雅思寫作考試主要體型分類為:IDO模式(introduction discussion opinion即引入觀點,正反論證和提出結(jié)論),PES模式(phenomenon explanation solutions 即現(xiàn)象描述,解釋說明和問題解決)和issue模式(to what extant do you agree or disagree)。
所以考生在考試前有必要把每個模塊的表達句型準(zhǔn)備好,最好形成自己的模塊,只要考到該考點都用相應(yīng)的模式去寫作,這是第一步。
下面以最??嫉膇ssue為例給大家一個范本,以有保留的肯定作為基本立場,在此僅供各位做一個基本的參考:
I agree with the speaker’s broad assertion that…. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace…. My points of contention with the speaker involve…, as discussed below.
I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all, ….
While…, at the same time we should be circumspect about…. After all,….
The speaker’s assertion is troubling in two other respects as well. First, …. Secondly… . For instance…
In sum, the speaker’s assertion that… begs the question, because…. As for the broader assertion, I agree that…. Nevertheless, …. In the final analysis, given … we are forced to strike a balance in how we ….
當(dāng)然,這里只是給大家一個例子,究竟如何總結(jié)這個框架,和考生平時閱讀是分不開的??梢詮拿牢牡姆段幕蛘吖俜浇o出的樣文中自己提煉出屬于自己的框架,但最重要的是要在平時針對不同的考試題目來反復(fù)熟練的使用這個模塊,才能保證自己在考場上能夠熟悉自如地使用這個寫作思路。
雅思寫作步驟之二:內(nèi)容填實
如何填實中間段落的內(nèi)容,主要從兩個方面入手,一個是要掌握常見題目的觀點以及論據(jù),另一個是要掌握常見的論證手段。下面分別做簡單介紹。
常見觀點的準(zhǔn)備是非常重要的,一定要針對雅思考試??疾榈脑掝}做考前總結(jié),做到熟悉話題,針對話題能夠提出相應(yīng)的觀點,并且能自如的用英語表達相關(guān)的觀點和例子。常見的考試話題范圍做如下總結(jié)和歸納,希望考生考前做好應(yīng)對準(zhǔn)備:animal experiments; censorship; compete or play; youth drug abuse; e-book or p-book; female juvenile crime; intelligent machines replacement; mandatory retirement age; overweight; corporal punishments; littering problems; evaluate and criticize teachers; cities are becoming lager; the Olympic games; TV and children; vegetarian diet or eating meat; honest and white lies; taking a gap year; capital punishment; job-hopping; censorship of the internet; the disappearance of language and culture; marijuana; government subsidize artists and musicians.
這里給大家羅列了常見的話題,大家做好充分的準(zhǔn)備是非常有必要的,可以每個話題通過同意和反對或者現(xiàn)象解釋解決等角度總結(jié)常見的詞匯和表達。
當(dāng)然準(zhǔn)備一些通用性的觀點也是非常有必要的,比如各位考生在考試沒有太充分準(zhǔn)備的觀點是可以從如下幾個方面加以考慮的:經(jīng)濟、時間、健康、方便、心理、感情、權(quán)利、環(huán)境、文化和道德。
提出觀點后剩下的是需要論證觀點了,要掌握常見的論證手段:比如數(shù)據(jù)說明、實驗結(jié)果、引用權(quán)威、逸聞趣事、實際事例、調(diào)查采訪等等。這些段落也需要模塊化,事先做好充分的準(zhǔn)備,考試的時候可以直接使用模塊,替換內(nèi)容即可。下面以引用權(quán)威的名人名言為例給大家做一個簡單介紹:
To illustrate it profoundly and comprehensively, I would like to cite what one of my favorite writers Francis Bacon ever mentioned: Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. We can easily build up an accurate picture of implications behind his/her words.
考試可以按照需要替換內(nèi)容,從而達到模塊化過程。其他的例子限于篇幅不一一展開,這里主要呈現(xiàn)一個基本思路。
雅思寫作步驟之三:語言改錯
很多中國考生雅思寫作得到較低分?jǐn)?shù),其中一個很重要的原因就是里面犯了大量的語法錯誤,這里講給大家列出一個check list,希望同學(xué)們在練習(xí)完自己的文章以后針對這幾個方面給自己做改錯練習(xí),長期訓(xùn)練將有效提高各位考生的寫作質(zhì)量:
名詞:名詞的可數(shù)單數(shù)一定不能單獨存在。注意單復(fù)數(shù)等基本問題。
動詞:時刻注意“與時俱進”,任何時候用動詞都要想清楚時態(tài)的使用。被動的結(jié)構(gòu)不要出錯,虛擬語氣的動詞使用也要格外注意,不要出錯。
句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面:一定要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整性,不要出現(xiàn)run-on句子,一個句子只能有一個動詞,每加一個動詞就要加一個連詞,注意關(guān)系代詞和副詞的正確使用。非謂語動詞使用時注意主被動關(guān)系。
修飾關(guān)系:動詞和形容詞一定要用副詞修飾,這個至關(guān)重要,很多考生犯錯誤。
其他的小語法方面:主謂一致,序數(shù)詞和計數(shù)詞,代詞和介詞的使用正確性。
雅思寫作步驟之四:語言包裝
語言包裝能夠讓語言生色不少,所以考前準(zhǔn)備常見的語言包裝技巧也相當(dāng)重要。有很多方面都能提升自己的語言質(zhì)量:比如長句擴充,短句融合,長短句結(jié)合,詞匯多樣性;強調(diào)句,倒裝句,分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和插入語都是非常出色的語言,可以大大增加文章的可讀性,也能夠滿足雅思寫作的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即詞匯的多樣性和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。
詞匯多樣性即準(zhǔn)備常見的雅思寫作中高頻使用的表達法,比如重要、比較、破壞、進展、吸引等表達法。句型多樣性上面也給大家舉了一些例子,下面以分詞為例,給大家做一個簡單介紹如何準(zhǔn)備語言包裝技能。
假設(shè)考試會寫兩個很簡單的主謂賓的句子,通過分詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以融合成一個長句,這個過程也是可以模塊化的:A do1. A do2. 我們可以表達成doing1, A do2. 這樣一個本來很短的兩個句子融合在一起了,而且使用了復(fù)雜的分詞句型,表達更具有可讀性。例如I get up in the morning. I go to school happily. 可以轉(zhuǎn)化成: getting up in the morning, I go to school happily. 如果要想再升一級,可以把分詞作為插入語,即變成A, doing1, do2.更加增強語言質(zhì)量。
雅思寫作--零基礎(chǔ)從仿寫開始
眾所周知,雅思寫作一直都是廣大烤鴨們較不擅長的一項。那么,在雅思寫作中,如何找到一種行之有效的方式,是每一位文筆淺薄的雅思考生的頭等大事。
雅思小編推薦大家一種行之有效的練習(xí)方法—模仿寫作。模仿寫作類似于、但不同于漢譯英。模仿寫作要求文章本身是原汁原味的英語文章,同時有比較地道的漢語翻譯。
我們在訓(xùn)練的時候,先不要英語原文,而是看著翻譯過來的漢語,先把它翻回英文。之后再和英語原文對照。有比較就有鑒別。
通過這種比較,我們就能夠感覺出,同樣一個意思,人家用那個詞,那樣的句型表達,為什么比自己寫的好。這比單純的背誦人家寫好的雅思范文,或者自己埋頭苦寫,不去積累,效果要好很多。這個方法很簡單,但對于提高雅思寫作水平非常有效。
雅思寫作中重要的構(gòu)成因素,除了單詞和語法以外,“思維”很重要。如果我們按照中國人的語言和文化習(xí)慣去寫,寫出來的文章西方人有時候是看不明白的。
雖然寫作沒有固定格式,以有效表意為核心要素。但不管一開始練習(xí)寫作時我們的文章布局有多刻板,以后的行文有多自如,有一個原則是我們從始至終都應(yīng)該把握的,就是自己說的觀點,自己要提出論據(jù)來證明。
我給這種原則起了個名字,叫橫豎原則?!皺M”是大家的觀點,“豎”是證明觀點的論據(jù)。論據(jù)要細(xì)節(jié)化,不要用一個觀點去證明另一個觀點,用一個抽象去解釋另一個抽象。
雅思寫作有沒有必要背范文呢?你要有時間有精力背,我也不攔著你。熟讀唐詩三百首,不會做詩也能吟。你要愿意多背些范文,對寫作肯定有幫助。
可是,如果從投入產(chǎn)出上比較背誦范文和模仿寫作,后者幫助提高的效果應(yīng)該是更快些。因為后者比前者更有針對性。你能通過寫完之后的比較,更好的發(fā)現(xiàn)自己寫作中或思維上的問題。
關(guān)于練習(xí)雅思寫作的素材,可以選擇雅思滿分范文從模仿寫作練起。如果大家處于時間緊任務(wù)重的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)和考試壓力下,建議大量閱讀范文和模仿寫作同步進行。
雅思寫作地圖題實例分析
雅思寫作地圖題大家總是遇到各式各樣的問題,在練習(xí)地圖題過程中很多同學(xué)都反映沒有思路。不知道該從何入手,并且寫完一部分內(nèi)容不知道如何繼續(xù)下一部分,該描述圖中哪些有效信息。下面雅思小編為大家總結(jié)寫作地圖題的實例講解。希望備考雅思同學(xué)從中借鑒。
第一個學(xué)生的寫作:
A golf course and park is located in the west of this city, with a river to the south, crossing Branfield from the south-western corner to the north. To the east of the golf course and park is a railway, linking he north-western corner and the south-eastern corner of this city. Situated in the north of Brandfield, a housing estate covers an area between the river and the railway. There is a city center in the middle of this city,located to the south of the railway and divided by the river.It is noticeable that a road is sited between the golf course and park in the west and the city center in the middle,and it goes across the south-eastern corner of the housing estate,connecting the north-eastern corner of this city to the south of the city center and to the south of this city. S1 is located to the north of the city center and the railway, between the road and the river.
這個學(xué)生的作文主要問題是她上來不斷地描述,而忘記了這個圖的首要事情是描述S1 和S2. 這個學(xué)生的問題體現(xiàn)了中文和英文的思維差異。也是我們中國人在寫PS,大學(xué)作業(yè),EMAIL,工作報告,甚至口語交流中的一個普遍問題。
很多學(xué)生寫信件一上來就是不寫目的是什么,而是一大堆背景。而寫普通圖表就把圖里的數(shù)據(jù)描述的細(xì)致入微,而忘記了主要信息的歸納。
這就是為什么很多學(xué)生在考場上寫的很爽,但是分?jǐn)?shù)很低。因為他們是self-centred, 而不是reader-friendly
下面一個學(xué)生也是這個問題,自己寫得很勤奮,兢兢業(yè)業(yè),但是讀者昏昏欲睡
The hosuing estate located in the northern corner of this area with a huge golf course and park to the southwest. Situated in the middle of this area, the City centre is surrounded by two main roads and a railway from northwest to south while a river cross the centre from north to southwest. There is an industrial Estate on the southeastern corner of this area.
It should be noted that the S1 of the shopping mall is to the north of the city center and surrounded by the river, railway and the northern road. In contrast, the S2 located in the south of this city and to the left of the railway and the Industrial Estate.
很多同學(xué)遇到地圖題很亂,為什么?因為他們太想描述所有的東西,而不知道從什么地方說起?!妒职咽帧飞险f過,這個時候要一個一個地點描述,而這個我們上課的時候也強調(diào)。
譬如說s1:1 靠近housing areas,那里的人可以坐火車去 2 CITY centre 的人可以坐火車或者開車去, 3 靠近河 ,可能景色不錯
S2:1 靠近CITY centre , 人們可以開車或者坐火車去,但是housing areas太遠(yuǎn)了 2 靠近工業(yè)區(qū),有可能有污染和噪音
是不是這么一寫,馬上清楚了? 比大家在那里一個個說地點好?
下面這是我寫的主體部分
S1 is possibly located in the north of Brandfield, lying next to one railway line and one road. This means that this supermarket can be assessed by those living in the residential block to the north and also by the shoppers from the city centre. Another advantage of this site is its proximity to the river that runs from north to south. People may enjoy a good view of the river when shopping.
Similar to S1, S2 is supported by the town’s transport infrastructure, in view of the fact that it is sited between the rainway and the road. The difference is that consumers from the housing area may have to travel a longer distance before reaching this site in the south-north corner. This suggested site is also close to the industrial estate on the eastern edge of the town and pollution is possibly a cause for concern.
當(dāng)然,大家可以按照上課的辦法寫得簡單點 (下面這一段是按照上課的分句合并法,而且文字信息不多,主要是平鋪直敘,在考場上拿個7分也是可以的):
S1 is possibly located in the north of Brandfield, lying next to one railway line and one road. There is a housing area to the south and residents can travel by car or train to visit S1. This site is also accessible for those working or living in the city centre. A river runs across the town to the east of S1.
S2 is in the south-east of the town and close to the railway and the road. Although shoppers from the city centre can reach this site easily, the journey is long for those from the housing estate. To the east of S2 is the industrial zone.
雅思寫作5.5的問題到底在哪
下一篇:雅思寫作地道表達的技巧