如何提升托福獨(dú)立寫作開頭段可讀性

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大家參加托福考試都是奔著高分去的，對(duì)于得高分的期待也沒有上限，越高越好。但是想要拿到高分，我們就要滿足高分的要求。今天小編和大家分享托福寫作高分攻略,希望能幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作高分攻略丨作文高分離不開準(zhǔn)確用詞!

一.了解詞匯使用背景和習(xí)慣

例如，英美人對(duì)landlord和peasant兩詞的理解與中國人截然不同。英美人對(duì)前者的理解首先是“房東”，然后才是“地主”;而peasant一詞對(duì)他們來說意味著“粗俗”與“無知”，此詞多少帶有貶義色彩。再如propaganda一詞在中國并不帶有西方人所理解的貶意;而First lady (夫人)絕不能理解為漢語的原配夫人，因此在寫作中應(yīng)特別注意這類詞，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致冒犯和誤解。由于東西方社會(huì)歷史文化的差異，許多詞所引申或代表的內(nèi)容也大相徑庭，Phoenix在西方象征“復(fù)活”、“再生”，而漢語的這一詞卻表示“祥瑞”。Peach在漢語中象征“長壽”而在英語中卻用以指代“特別討人喜愛的人或物”。又比如在表示色彩的詞中g(shù)reen是青春的顏色，常表示希望、活力，但在英語中g(shù)reen又與“妒忌” (to be green with envy，green-eyed)和“沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”(a green horn)聯(lián)系起來。如果沒有廣泛的閱讀積累，養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常查字典的良好習(xí)慣，單憑想當(dāng)然地選詞，勢必會(huì)詞不達(dá)意。即使同一事物，在美國和英國也可能有不同的表達(dá)。例如：corn一詞在美國指“玉米”而在英國泛指“谷物”;“地鐵”在英國用tube或underground美國則用subway。此類的例子還有pavement/sidewalk， Chemists‘ shop/drug store等。

二.區(qū)分同義詞才能更好地使用同義詞

由于歷史的原因，現(xiàn)代英語除本族語外，還包括大量的法語和拉丁來源的飼，這就使英語的同義詞相當(dāng)豐富。總的來講，英語本族語大多是短詞，小詞，聽起來樸素)親切，大量用于口頭表達(dá)：法語來源的詞莊重文雅，多與行政、宗教、軍事、服飾等有關(guān);拉丁來源的詞，書卷味濃，如ask，question，inter-rogate這三個(gè)不同來源的同義詞在不同的主題、對(duì)象、情景下用法就不一樣。同義詞除了來源的不同會(huì)影響措詞的選擇外，它們在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。比如“瘦”可以用slender，slim，lean， thin，underweight，gaunt， lanky，skinny等來表達(dá)，而sleder表示“苗條”是褒義的，skinny卻是貶義的，underweight則是中性的詞。即使同是褒義詞，表達(dá)的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite兩個(gè)同義詞當(dāng)用來描繪女子時(shí)，都意為“個(gè)子小”的，但petite同時(shí)還有“勻稱”的意義，而little更強(qiáng)調(diào)“可愛的”或“可憐的”，根據(jù)不同的上下文，它還有“http://toefl.533.com纖小”、“嬌小”或“弱小”等不同意義。因此在選詞表達(dá)思想時(shí)，一定要分清主題，對(duì)象及情景。

另外，讓中國學(xué)生頭痛的是一些同義詞的習(xí)慣搭配。比如large和big都指“大”，但large通常用來修飾諸如number，amount及quantity(a large number of students，a large amount of money，a large quantity of wine，etc)。但象“勇氣”，“信心”，”能力”、“智慧”等表示個(gè)人素質(zhì)的名詞，人們通常用呷碰而不用big或large來修飾。由此可見，在英語寫作實(shí)踐中，區(qū)分同義詞的用法是相當(dāng)重要的。

三.英漢無對(duì)應(yīng)詞匯妥善處理

不是所有的英語詞匯都有相應(yīng)的漢語表達(dá)，一些不同的英語詞匯也有可能用同樣的漢語來表達(dá)，這就使我們在用英語來表達(dá)思想對(duì)面臨更多選擇上的困難。比如family和home兩詞都可譯成漢語的“家”，但它們卻不是同義詞。Family主要指家庭成員，與人有關(guān)，而home主要指所居住的地點(diǎn)、住宅。Except和besides有時(shí)都譯成同樣的漢語“除了”，但他們的意思卻是相反的。因此我們不能依賴于單純的漢語譯意。否則我們可能會(huì)被誤導(dǎo)。盡管許多英語對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語詞匯都能表達(dá)它們真正的意思，但往往有些英語詞匯沒有準(zhǔn)確的漢語對(duì)應(yīng)詞;所以只有在不同的上下文中才能確定它們真正的意思，比如send一詞，如果單把它理解成漢語的“送”的話，象這樣的句子“她送信給我”也許會(huì)被寫成she sent me the letter.而英語準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)應(yīng)是she brought me the letter.再如“他將送朋友去機(jī)場”，如果寫成He will send his friend to the airpot。就又錯(cuò)了。正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是He will go to the airpot with his friend to see him off. 實(shí)際上send sth to a place 應(yīng)該是請(qǐng)別人送去，自己不去。因此，要確定我們所選的詞是否準(zhǔn)確、恰當(dāng)，單憑查詞典還不行。

托福寫作模板:學(xué)生參與決策

托福寫作模板及范文參考：

At some universities, students take part in making decisions about the issues that affect daily life of everyone on campus, such as how many hours that the libraries should be open each day or what kinds of food should be served in the cafeteria. But at some universities, experts are hired to make this decisions, students almost never involved. Which approach do you prefer and why.

托福寫作范文參考：

We can never over emphasize the importance of campus life during which people mature intellectually and psychologically. It is a university’s unshakable responsibility to provide qualified education and various facilities. For a university to function well, there must be effective and reasonable rules regulating behaviors of both students and staffs. In my mind, it is students, but not experts, who should be responsible for the making of rules.

Admittedly, inviting professional and experienced experts to make rules is an easy solution for universities to effectively manage students and staffs. Given years of work experience, experts not only understand students’ needs and preferences, but also know well how to help students regulate behaviors, such as cultivating good habits, managing time and having healthy diets. For example, to encourage students to have enough time to sleep, experts usually require libraries to close at 10 o’clock; also, to help students keep healthy, they demand dining halls to provide nutritious food, such as organic vegetables and fruits.

However, it is actually difficult for experts to truly think from students’ perspective, so some of their rules may be not appropriate. On the contrary, students, though inexperienced, deserve the right to make rules for themselves and the opportunity to improve their abilities to manage. To begin with, it is students who study and live on campus that can enact rules flexible and reasonable enough to help students improve efficiency in both study and social activities. However, experts, as observers of students, may be unavoidably theoretical. For instance, during exam weeks, it is inconvenient to close libraries at 10 o’clock, as many students need more time and a quiet place to finish their assignments and prepare for exams, which is usually ignored by experts.

Secondly, it is also universities’ duty to help students learn self-management and leadership by giving them the right to enact rules for all students on campus. Undoubtedly, student government ought to take the responsibility to collect students’ opinions from polls, negotiate with students having different requirements, and finally introduce rules that can be respected and observed by all. Since these are rules made by students themselves, there is no reason to complain and violate. Moreover, this is a rare opportunity for members of student government to enhance leadership and management capability. Though the process will be surely time consuming and even arouse various problems, it is worthy given the huge benefits to students.

To sum up, endowing students the right to make rules for themselves is a better option for universities to accommodate students’ needs and help them grow up.

托福獨(dú)立寫作“媒體科技類”的素材表達(dá)

1.科技的影響(工作、學(xué)習(xí)、生活)

2.政府 & 科技(太空探索，理論研究)

3.現(xiàn)代媒介 vs傳統(tǒng)媒介

4.傳媒的作用

必備表達(dá)

科技的利弊

Pros

Cutting edge technology 尖端技術(shù)

Technological innovations/inventions/advances/progressions 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和進(jìn)步

1.提高工作效率

Augment/enhance/boost efficiency/productivity

Liberate accountants from repetitive and complex calculations that are Time-consuming and exhausting

2.方便信息檢索

Information regarding(concerning/pertaining to) any area can be immediately accessible

Easily obtain/attain/access information

3.促進(jìn)交流

Facilitate communication /transcend geographical barrier

Communicate on a global scale/across the globe

4.方便生活

Facilitate people’s daily commuting

Multiple household appliances (air-conditioners---enjoy comfortable lives without worrying about whether it is hot,cold or rainy outside; refrigerators preserve food for longer ; vacuum cleaners--energy-saving & time-saving)

5.豐富生活

Spice up/enrich people’s life

Leisure time

Listening to music, surfing the internet or watching digital movies

6.醫(yī)療科技

CT-scans and B-type ultrasound scans aid doctors in diagnosing illness for patients

With the invention of certain targeted vaccines, people finally put an end to rampant epidemics/eliminate deadly diseases.

Cons

1.污染

Abuse of industrial chemicals has caused irreversible consequences

Increasing automobiles bring about air pollution

2.倫理問題