為什么別人的分數(shù)那么高，自己卻總是達不到預(yù)期。尤其是寫作，簡直是付出和回報不成比例。下面小編就和大家分享99.99%的學(xué)生都會犯的GRE寫作邏輯錯誤　,希望能夠幫助到大家，快來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。

99.99%的學(xué)生都會犯的GRE寫作邏輯錯誤

GRE高分作文的評分標準

1.sentence variety

最好長短句結(jié)合，藐視總用短句的人：Since most of the sentences are short and choppy, the ideas they try to communicate are also choppy.

2.insightful position

在有全面深刻理解的基礎(chǔ)上，觀點最好新穎獨到(對來說)，但必須保證能自圓其說。

3.conveys meaning skillfully

可用于論證的一切技巧，比如文章的行文方向，起承轉(zhuǎn)合不用明顯的標志詞，比如first, second, however, on the other hand, the second example illustrating my point，而是依靠論述的內(nèi)在脈絡(luò)自然而然的引到下一塊內(nèi)容。

4.compelling reasons

這是最重要的一個得分點。

5.persuasive examples

用來支持reason的，使抽象的reason更具體，更易被讀者理解，從而產(chǎn)生共鳴，或使其更可信，更有說服力?？捎玫睦佑凶约旱慕?jīng)歷，引言。

6.well-focused

簡單說就是不跑題。中心論點明確，全文不跑題;各段主題句明確，圍繞主題句論述。

7.well-organized

文章采用的論述結(jié)構(gòu)，分幾個部分論述，每部分有幾段，各部分、各段間的關(guān)系是什么。

8.connecting ideas lically

using transitional phrases起承轉(zhuǎn)合詞，過渡句，或有此種作用的句子，總之起到help organize the ideas and move the argument forward。

9.complexity

事物的兩面性(同一事物有優(yōu)點就有缺點，相比較的事物有各自的優(yōu)缺點)，從多角度分析事物(分析不同領(lǐng)域)。

GRE 寫作對邏輯思維能力要求很高，

大體上來說，

考生們在寫作時出現(xiàn)的的邏輯問題也是最多的。

在 Argument Task 中，考生需要閱讀一篇已經(jīng)寫好的文章，分析作者如何構(gòu)建論證，理清作者的文章結(jié)構(gòu)，并找出論證可能存在的問題。而Issue Task 要求考生自己完成一篇有理有據(jù)的論證。無論哪個Task，都要求學(xué)生具備論證和推理的能力，而論證與推理基于的法則正是邏輯。

GRE作文中最常見的邏輯錯誤

錯把時間上同時發(fā)生或先后發(fā)生的事情看做因果關(guān)聯(lián)-舉一個簡單的例子，公雞打鳴，太陽升起。這就是先后發(fā)生的事情，不是因果關(guān)系。

錯誤類比-如因為A城市開了咖啡廳非常成功，推出B城如果咖啡廳的話也會非常成功。沒有考慮到兩地的差異，這樣就進行了錯誤類比。

錯誤調(diào)查-小區(qū)中某位住戶反映的問題不代表小區(qū)的普遍問題。

未考慮變化-從過去兩年的情況推未來兩年的情況也是一樣的。

假兩難-A公司最近虧損了，B公司救不了它，只能靠政府救了。沒有考慮到別的可能性。

GRE寫作論證論據(jù)素材大全—社會福利

社會福利

A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide a minimum level of income, service or other support for disadvantaged people such as the poor, the elderly, the disabled, students, unpaid workers such as mothers and other caregivers, and underprivileged groups. Social welfare programs are undertaken by governments as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Social welfare payments and services are typically provided free of charge or at a nominal fee, and are funded by the state, benefactors or by compulsory enrollment of the poor themselves.

福利社會

States or nations that provide comprehensive social welfare programs are often identified as having a welfare state. In such countries, access to social welfare services is often considered a basic and inalienable right to those in need. In many cases these are considered natural rights, and indeed that position is borne out by the UN Convention on Social and Economic Rights and other treaty documents. Accordingly, many people refer to welfare within a context of social justice, making an analogy to rights of fair treatment or restraint in criminal justice.

七大社會福利類型

Examples of social welfare services include the following:

1. Compulsory superannuation savings programs.

2. Compulsory social insurance programs, often based on income, to pay for the social welfare service being provided: these are often incorporated into the taxation system and may be inseparable from income tax.

3. Pensions or other financial aid, including social security and tax relief, to those with low incomes or inability to meet basic living costs, especially those who are raising children, elderly, unemployed, injured, sick or disabled.

4. Free or low cost nursing, medical and hospital care for those who are sick, injured or unable to care for themselves. This may also include free antenatal and postnatal care. Services may be provided in the community or a medical facility.

5. Free or low cost public education for all children, and financial aid, sometimes as a scholarship or pension, sometimes in the form of a suspensory loan, to students attending academic institutions or undertaking vocational training.

6. The state may also fund or operate social work and community based organizations that provide services that benefit disadvantaged people in the community.

7. Welfare money paid to persons, from a government, who are in need of financial assistance but who are unable to work for pay.

GRE寫作論證論據(jù)素材大全—社會公正

社會公正的概念

Social justice refers to the concept of a society in which justice is achieved in every aspect of society, rather than merely the administration of law. It generally refers to a society which affords individuals and groups fair treatment and a just share of the benefits of it. It can also refer to the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within a society.

社會公正的內(nèi)涵

Social justice is both a philosophical problem and an important issue in politics, religion and civil society. Most individuals wish to live in a just society, but different political ideologies have different conceptions of what a “just society” actually is. The term “social justice” is often employed by the political left to describe a society with a greater degree of economic egalitarianism, which may be achieved through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or property redistribution. The right wing also uses the term social justice, but generally believes that a just society is best achieved through the operation of a free market, which they believe provides equality of opportunity and promotes philanthropy and charity. Both right and left tend to agree on the importance of rule of law, human rights, and some form of a welfare safety net.

對社會公正的反對

Social justice may be unfeasible economically. Many water-poor countries have recognized a “basic right to have drinking water” and then provided that access accordingly. This often resulted in water sources being over-used and then decimated.

On the other hand, some scholars reject the very idea of social justice as meaningless, religious, self-contradictory, and ideological, believing that to realize any degree of social justice is unfeasible, and that the attempt to do so must destroy all liberty. The most complete rejection of the concept of social justice comes from the Friedrich Hayek of the Austrian School of Economics: “The phrase ‘social justice’ is simply a semantic fraud from the same stable as People’s Democracy.” The purported goal of social justice is to eliminate economic inequities, but because these inequities are largely a result of individuals’ own choices, they can only be corrected by controlling said choices.