托福寫作必備熱點話題背景詞匯整理介紹, 政治類高頻詞一覽，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽鞅貍錈狳c話題背景詞匯整理介紹，希望能夠給幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作必備熱點話題背景詞匯整理介紹 政治類高頻詞一覽
廢除(法律、制度等) vt. abolish
實施 vt. implement
使……合法化 vt. legalize
首要任務(wù) n. priority
建立 vt. establish
減輕、緩解 vt. alleviate =ease =relieve
當(dāng)局 the authorities
禁止 vt. forbid/ prohibit
立法 n. legislation
稅收 tax revenue
民主的 adj. democratic
高效率的 adj. efficient
優(yōu)化資源分配 optimize the distribution of res-ources
穩(wěn)定 n. stability
解決 vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with
嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的 adj. stringent
短視的 adj. short-sighted
支出，花費 n. expenditure
社會保險 social security
老百姓 n. citizens/ the citizenry
規(guī)范，管理 v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee
嚴(yán)禁 strictly prohibit/ ban altogether
嚴(yán)格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation
強制性的，按照法律或者規(guī)定必須做的 adj. mandatory/ compulsory
監(jiān)督 n. scrutiny
監(jiān)督 v. scrutinize/ monitor
為……撥款 allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth.
預(yù)算 n. budget
政府開支 the government spending/ expenditure on sth.
削減 v. curtail
增加 v. augment
當(dāng)務(wù)之急 n. priority
把……當(dāng)作當(dāng)務(wù)之急 give priority to sth.
責(zé)任 n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation
軍備競賽 n. arms race
自衛(wèi) n. self-defense
國土安全 national security/ homeland security
缺乏遠(yuǎn)見的政策 short-sighted policy
擴(kuò)張 n. expansion/ aggression
謀求霸權(quán) seek/ pursue hegemony
惡性循環(huán) a vicious circle
地區(qū)不穩(wěn)定因素 destabilizing factors
規(guī)章制度 rules and regulations
太空競賽 space race
武器 n. arms/ weapons/ armaments
下崗工人 laid-off workers/ downsized workers
失業(yè) n. unemployment/ joblessness
基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 n. infrastructure
公共交通系統(tǒng) public transportation/ transit system
電網(wǎng) power grid
石油天然氣管線 pipelines
給排水系統(tǒng) water supply and drainage system
民主與開明的政府 a democratic and progressive government
臨時的應(yīng)急措施 a stopgap measure
托福獨立寫作難點話題思路解讀和高分范文賞析：advertising tell a lot about a country
托福寫作難點話題一覽
Can advertising tell you a lot about a country?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot about a country. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析
同意這個觀點更容易寫一些。陳述立場后，說明廣告是怎樣反映一個國家的歷史、文化、以及其他情況的。通過比較來說明更容易寫一些，比如：中國，與10年前相比，廣告中的女性數(shù)量變多了，暴露的程度也提高了。說明人們的觀念，以及社會的觀念發(fā)生了變化。中國與歐美國家相比，中國廣告中藥物廣告數(shù)量特別多。說明這方面的法制還有待改善。
本話題高分范文賞析
Advertising does not mean to educate or illustrate. Primarily it is a vehicle for business and it aims to sell products. As a result, the information we can gather from looking at advertisings is quite limited. However, the cultural ideas used to sell commodities reveal a society's value system, and from the nature of the advertising and the product it aims to sell we can draw conclusions as to which social demography might be the most affluent.
In order to be most effective an advertising campaign will make use of the cultural values of a country. Obviously, companies will be able to sell more products if a great many people relate to the goods and the images used to sell them. For example, in a country like the United States where a great percentage of the population is religious, advertisers use expressions such as heavenly, divine, or revelation, because these have connotations that prospective customers will likely identify with. Similarly, advertisers will try to employ fashion models who embody a culture's ideals of personal beauty, because attractive men and women will sell more products than unattractive ones.
Companies identify social demographics or parts of society that are most likely to buy their products and design their advertisings accordingly. For example, teenage girls are more likely to buy mobile phones than retired factory workers. Thus companies will make use of fashion trends in their ads and probably pay a famous pop singer a big chunk of money to endorse their product. If the majority of all advertisings in a country are geared towards a specific target market or audience, then this part of the population probably has the most financial resources at their disposal.
Although we can learn some things about a country by looking at its advertising we have to remember that this knowledge is limited. After all, advertising is only directed at people who have the means to buy consumer goods. Thus advertising does not tell us anything about the overall prosperity or likes and dislikes of a country. Also, advertising not only reflects but also tries to shape and change cultural values. Therefore, it does not accurately reflect the exact state of a country's culture.
托福獨立寫作難點話題思路解讀和高分范文賞析：students take classes in subjects
托福寫作難點話題一覽
Should students be required to take classes in many subjects or to specialize in one subject?
Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other universities require students to specialize in one subject. Which is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析
很難說哪一個比另外一個更好。It's hard to say one is better than the other. 學(xué)習(xí)范圍過于廣泛(extensive)可能會導(dǎo)致深度不夠(superficial interpretation) 學(xué)習(xí)范圍過于狹窄(limited)可能會導(dǎo)致無知(educated ignorance) 所以，學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該既保證廣度，也要保證深度。事實上，學(xué)科之間總是存在著某種這樣那樣的聯(lián)系。比如物理學(xué)和哲學(xué)就兩個一定程度上相輔相成(be inseparably interconnected)。折衷的方法是，學(xué)校開設(shè)很多的選修課。要求學(xué)生在學(xué)好本專業(yè)課程的同時，盡量多地了解其他領(lǐng)域。
本話題高分范文賞析
Universities that require their students to take classes in many subjects offer a very different educational experience from the universities that encourage specialization. As higher education becomes a more accessible commodity students will be able to choose between these two different forms of instruction. The answer to the question of which system is better depends on the student's interests and the goals of their studies.
Students who complete a degree at a university which requires them to take classes in many different subjects will receive a well rounded education. Here they will be able to develop their knowledge in different areas, and they will also have the opportunity to find out what their interests really are as they will be exposed to a variety of fields of study. Therefore, this kind of university is ideal for students who have many interests or don't know what their interests are. Also, students who have an interest in education and consider the possibility of graduate school will be able to gain a broader knowledge base before specializing later on in their academic careers. They will be able to pursue education for education's sake and not just to learn a trade. When they try to find work after graduation their versatility will allow them to apply for a wide range of jobs.
On the other hand, students who specialize will have a great advantage over students who don't when it comes to finding a job in their specific field of study. Naturally, companies will be most interested in job applicants who have superior knowledge and can thus make the greatest contributions. At the same time, the specialization system allows students to focus on their interests and the subjects relevant to them. Students majoring in physics or chemistry would feel very out of place in a course on ancient poetry or Western literature. They might consider it a waste of their time and energy. This might then have a negative effect on their educational progress in general.
托福獨立寫作難點話題思路解讀和高分范文賞析：Work with a group or independently
托福寫作難點話題一覽
Work with a group of people or work independently?
Is it more important to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析
這道題沒有明顯傾向性，因此無論選擇哪一邊展開都是可以的。小編的建議是從兩種能力都重要的角度來切入?？忌梢苑謩e陳述兩種能力的重要性并舉出一些例子。然后從根據(jù)不同的人，不同的工作環(huán)境，才會有孰重孰輕之分這樣一個相對客觀的角度來展開具體論述。
本話題高分范文賞析
While some people emphasize great importance of cooperation, others argue that the significance of individual competition should not be rejected or neglected. To examine whether one is more important than the other, we have to look carefully into further details.
There are circumstances where the ability to work with group is much more important than that to work independently. More often than not, in most fields, a team can achieve much more extensive scope than an individual can, because one has less strength than many have. In team-played sports, such as football, basketball, volleyball, etc. , teamwork is often highly valued and is of essence. To get a goal or make a point, team members have to cooperate with each other, nobody could achieve without others’ help. Although individual competence is a must, too much accent on his personal ability will lead him even the whole team to a disaster.
On the other hand, there also are inverse circumstances. In vital decision-making, for example, one has to make a final choice with his/her own judgment. Let's consider the same situation mentioned above, on the very same sports ground, each opposite team has only one and should have only one coach, who must work independently to make important decisions, including which player should be replaced, which player should present on what kind of special circumstances, and so many other critical choices. The coach, like the commander in the war, stands on a position where he/she has to be competitive, and his/her only rival is the coach of the other side. Even if he/she at the same time has to consult with others, it is him/her who takes the final step, and he/she essentially has no choice but to have an excellent ability to work independently.
There seldom exists a circumstance where cooperation and competition do not coexist. The point is that emphasis on cooperation doesn't mean competition should be neglected or rejected, and vice versa. Therefore, it hasn't gone too far to say that both the ability of working with group and that of working independently are equally important.
托福獨立寫作難點話題思路解讀和高分范文賞析：build a statue for someone in your country
托福寫作難點話題一覽
Whom in your country would you choose to build a statue for?
Your city has decided to build a statue or monument to honor a famous person in your country. Who would you choose? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.
寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析
這道題目的考點有兩個，一個當(dāng)然是選擇哪一位名人來進(jìn)行展開，另一個則是你對自己的城市到底有多少了解，換句話說，考生不僅要詳細(xì)說明這位名人的事跡，同時也要把名人和當(dāng)?shù)氐年P(guān)聯(lián)性寫出來，比如名人是這個城市出身的，或者名人為這個城市做出了哪些貢獻(xiàn)等等。這其實就相當(dāng)于杜絕了很多同學(xué)隨便扯大旗找一些外國名人來寫的思路。
本話題高分范文賞析
If my city has decided to build a statue to honor a famous person in my country, I would choose a late singer, Teresa Teng. She was born in 1950s, and died of a severe asthma attack at age 41 in May 1995 while holidaying in Chiang Mai, Thailand, triggering an outpouring of grief among her legions of fans in Asia and elsewhere. During her brilliant stage career, favored by fans all over Asia, she moved millions of people. Her famous songs include "sweet", "story of small town", and "the moon represents my heart", etc. It was said that it was her who introduced several generations in China to a certain field of popular music.
Her songs have accompanied the growth and development of many people in China. In the home of these generations' soul, her sweet voice has become immortal beauty and memory. Although she's gone, her sound of singing has never vanished. She is constantly commemorated; from Beijing to Taipei, Hong Kong to Singapore, her ubiquitous fans observe her commemoration from time to time, cherishing her incredible beauty, and her voice that sounds to come from heaven. Her sweet songs made her a legend, and are still regularly heard on radio, and continue to have a following in Chinese communities all over the world.
She should be remembered not only because of her beauty and voice, but also because of her great charity. She founded "Teresa Teng foundation" during her lifetime. The purpose of the foundation is to cultivate and support gifted artists, and at the same time the foundation includes a trust to distribute scholarship to make sure that art students have opportunities to accomplish what they actually can. Every year, The Teresa Teng Foundation also send a great amount of money as a charity to help homeless children. And these activities are supported by her fans all over the world.
