對(duì)于雅思寫作來(lái)說(shuō),學(xué)會(huì)雅思寫作的技巧是非常重要的,這樣既能夠節(jié)省時(shí)間又容易拿高分?!∠旅嫘【幘秃痛蠹曳窒?,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
雅思寫作考試如何精簡(jiǎn)語(yǔ)句
詞匯精簡(jiǎn)技巧
雅思寫作精簡(jiǎn)建議一:避免空洞的單詞和詞組
1.一些空洞的單詞或詞組根本不能為句子帶來(lái)任何相關(guān)或重要的信息,完全可以刪掉。
比如:When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.
這句話當(dāng)中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都顯得多余。完全可以去掉。改為:
Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.
2.有些空洞和繁瑣的表達(dá)方式可以進(jìn)行替換。
例如:Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.
“due to the fact that”就是一個(gè)很典型的繁瑣的表達(dá)方式的例子,可以替換,簡(jiǎn)化為下面的表達(dá)方式:
Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.
雅思寫作精簡(jiǎn)建議二:避免重復(fù)
1.盡量避免重復(fù)使用同樣的詞匯?;蛘哂械臅r(shí)候雖然詞匯沒(méi)有重復(fù),但意思卻有重復(fù)。這時(shí)候可以做一些簡(jiǎn)化的工作。
例如下面這個(gè)例子:The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large對(duì)一個(gè)farm來(lái)說(shuō)就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉,改為:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
更簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)方式為:
My grandfather grew up on a large farm.
2.有時(shí)一個(gè)詞組可以用一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的單詞來(lái)替換。
例如:My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm.
這里的over and over again就可以改為repeatedly,顯得更為簡(jiǎn)潔:
My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm.
雅思寫作精簡(jiǎn)建議三:選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
選擇合適的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子意思的表達(dá)更為精確和簡(jiǎn)練。雖然語(yǔ)法的多樣性也很重要,但選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)仍然是更為重要的考慮因素。以下原則是在考慮選擇何種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以參考的原則:
1.一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該能夠反映句子中最重要的意思。
例如:The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
從意思上來(lái)分析,上面這句話需要表達(dá)的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”,而在表達(dá)這個(gè)概念時(shí),原句用的主語(yǔ)是situation,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是was,不能強(qiáng)調(diào)需要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)概念,可以改為下面這句話:
My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2.避免頻繁使用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如下面的句子:There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
可以改為:
My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
更簡(jiǎn)潔的句式為:
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.
3.把從句改為短語(yǔ)或單詞。
例如:Dairy cows were raised on the farm,which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an areathat was remote.
簡(jiǎn)介的表達(dá)方式為:
The dairy farm was located in a remotearea, 100 kilometers to the nearest university.
4.僅在需要強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)而不是主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,才使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
例如:In the fall, not only did the cows haveto be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather'sfamily.
本句不夠簡(jiǎn)潔的原因是本句的重心應(yīng)該是“忙碌的家庭-mygrandfather's family”,而使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)後,彷佛重心變成了cows和hay。下面的表達(dá)方式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)更簡(jiǎn)潔一些:
In the fall, my grandfather's family notonly milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5.用更為精確的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
例如:My grandfather didn't have time tostand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其實(shí)可以用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá),即loiter:
My grandfather didn't have time toloiter with his school friends.
6.有時(shí)兩句話的信息經(jīng)過(guò)組合完全可以用一句話來(lái)簡(jiǎn)練地表達(dá)。
例如:Profits from the farm were not times they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They werenot sufficient to pay for a university degree.
兩句話的信息可以合并為下面這句更為簡(jiǎn)潔的句子:
Profits from the farm were sometimes toosmall to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
小作文寫作技巧
1. 雅思小作文寫作結(jié)構(gòu)搭建:
(1) 第一段的introduction:直接改寫題目——句型主動(dòng)改被動(dòng)或是反之,單詞可做稍微替換,雖然說(shuō)改寫比較簡(jiǎn)單,但是這一步驟缺一不可。一定要改寫題目,一定不能照抄。
(2) 第二段的overview:圖表中,你最先看到的,最最明顯的特征,你這里可以做以下稍微的總結(jié),因?yàn)榕履愫竺鏇](méi)時(shí)間進(jìn)行總結(jié),小作文的時(shí)間最多只有20分鐘,要放在大作文后面寫,很多時(shí)候大作文會(huì)占據(jù)大于40分鐘的時(shí)間,那么你的小作文時(shí)間就會(huì)來(lái)不及,那么在這里你對(duì)于最最明顯的特征進(jìn)行總結(jié),就算到后面沒(méi)時(shí)間,也不會(huì)因?yàn)闆](méi)有對(duì)圖表特征進(jìn)行總結(jié)而扣分。
(3) 第三段的details:圖表所提供的信息就是需要你進(jìn)行對(duì)比的。對(duì)比分兩種:縱向和橫向??v向是跟自己比,比之前自己增長(zhǎng)了,還是下降了;橫向比是跟別人比,跟比人比我是第一還是最后。圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息,你無(wú)需所有的數(shù)據(jù)都寫在你的文中里,只需要特征明顯的,比如位于首位,位于最后這種,還有就是一定要進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
(4) 如果你前面的overview段有總結(jié)了,就無(wú)需再來(lái)個(gè)結(jié)尾段了,不過(guò)要是有時(shí)間,你也可以進(jìn)行一句話的結(jié)尾。
2. 雅思小作文素材積累
這邊給大家展示我自己所積累的小作文用到的素材。大家每天都拿出來(lái)看一遍,寫小作文的時(shí)候盡量用上去。
時(shí)期:from…to, between…and, over/ during the period from 1995 to 2005=over/during the period of one decade
上升:go up, climb, grow, rise, increase, ascend, show an upward trend=show an increasing/rise trend
表明/揭示:show/reveal/indicate/reflect/present/describe/illustrate/demonstrate/compare/give informationabout + n
緩慢、逐漸:slow, slowly=gradually=steadily=consistently=step by step,contious
迅速:rapid, quick, swift,sudden, sharp, dramatic
小幅度:slight(ly), modest(ly), moderate(ly), marginal(ly)
大幅度、明顯:sharp,drastic, considerable, noticeable, marked, dramatic, significant, substantially,
下降:fall, go down, drop, decrease, decline, descend, dip, dipped, show a downward trend, plummet, plunge
波動(dòng):fluctuate, fluctuation,eg: rise with some fluctuation, go up and down=be unstable/flexible=be in instability/flexibility
保持平穩(wěn)、不變:level out/off at + n=stabilize / hover at + n= reach a plateau at + n
Stay/keep/remain/maintain + stable/ unchanged/constant at+ n
大約:about,around, almost, nearly, roughly, approximately, just over/under…,… or so
達(dá)到最大值:reach the maximum=reach the peak/summit/culmination at + n=peak/summit/culminate at…=reach the highest point at
達(dá)到最小值: reach the minimum=reach/touch the bottom at…=bottom out at…=reach the lowest point at…
補(bǔ)充:according to = in accordance with= based in= in terms of =in the light of = in line with
Comparing…=compared with/to…=in comparison with…= different from…
While, whilst, whereas, yet
To conclude, in conclusion=to summarize, in summary=to sum up=all in all =overall
3. 雅思小作文寫作訓(xùn)練
小作文就最適合這種模式性的訓(xùn)練啦。有了上面的框架,還有就是積累各種說(shuō)明文的上升下降,巨變啥的表達(dá)。去找那些老師們整理好的資源唄,不用自己準(zhǔn)備了,你要做的就是直接拿來(lái)用。這是站在巨人肩膀上,哈哈。
我用的是9分達(dá)人的那個(gè)母題訓(xùn)練,在清楚寫作骨骼的前提下,再來(lái)補(bǔ)充血肉和靈魂,哈哈。然后積累范文里面的好句子。有了骨架,寫作材料就是血和肉,你的主題思想就是寫作思路就是你整篇文章的靈魂,三者缺一不可。
一定要練習(xí)哈!三天就可以來(lái)一次訓(xùn)練了,我很慶幸找到了一個(gè)一起奮斗的小烤鴨,我們互相監(jiān)督,互相批改,嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成,然后兩個(gè)人進(jìn)行討論修改,再寫,再改,就是這么一路走過(guò)來(lái)的。也不要套模板吧,就是明白了寫作模式,有了框架,再加上題目的寫作思路,有了靈魂,再加上你的詞句,有了血肉,其實(shí)就是你自己的模板。這個(gè)時(shí)候你的小伙伴是很重要的,大家一起高歌歡唱,才會(huì)讓自己走得更遠(yuǎn)。
雅思寫作高分技巧—步驟詳解
雅思寫作一直是困擾烤鴨們的難題,大家雖然耗費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間在雅思寫作上,但是效果卻沒(méi)有很好,那么今天為大家?guī)?lái)雅思寫作高分技巧,希望大家能認(rèn)真閱讀學(xué)習(xí)。
我們都知道雅思寫作分為兩個(gè)部分:TASK1 和 TASK2。TASK1需要在20分鐘內(nèi)完成,TASK2需要在40分鐘內(nèi)完成。下面就TASK2部分進(jìn)行剖析,找到其提高技巧。
首先看到一個(gè)寫作題目,要對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析,以確保其寫作方向。千萬(wàn)不要寫跑題了,或者背離文章的主題思想。這是雅思寫作的第一步。
例 如:Some parents in the United Kingdom decide not to have a television intheir home. They believe that, by doing this, their children will spend theleisure time more creatively. To what extent do you agree or disagree with thisdecision?
當(dāng)遇到這樣一個(gè)題目的時(shí)候,我們應(yīng)該先分析,然后確定自己的寫作方向,是agree,disagree還是要二者兼顧。通常就是從這三方面來(lái)寫,而不要把重點(diǎn)放到其他的地方。
一般來(lái)說(shuō),雅思文章的結(jié)構(gòu)通常就是:第一段:現(xiàn)象句+考題改寫+本人立場(chǎng),第二段:論證一(topic sentence +支持句),第三段: 論證 二(topic sentence +支持句) 第四段: 論證三(topic sentence +支持句), 第五段:總結(jié)段。
這種寫法與以前我們傳統(tǒng)的議論文的寫法幾乎相同。在論證的過(guò)程中要做到論證的有理有據(jù),內(nèi)容要有深度,而非淺顯的毫無(wú)說(shuō)服力的文字。這是文章得高分得關(guān)鍵之一。
例如這樣一句話,說(shuō)出來(lái)就沒(méi)有任何意義:I like Hollywood movies because I like them. 相反,如果換個(gè)說(shuō)法:I like Hollywood movies because its comedies attract me most. 這樣說(shuō)出來(lái)才有意義。通常在寫文章得時(shí)候可以把考生分成兩類,一類是遇到了一篇自己很熟悉的題目,寫起來(lái)便滔滔不絕了,一發(fā)而不可收,控制不了自己。
另一類則是無(wú)話可說(shuō),該說(shuō)的話沒(méi)的有說(shuō)出來(lái)。我們不妨把作文的要求量化到每一個(gè)段落:一篇200詞左右的作文一般不會(huì)超過(guò)15句話,把這15句話根據(jù)題目要求分配到各段中去,每一段大概只說(shuō)那么幾句話,絕不多說(shuō)。
事實(shí)上往往是說(shuō)得越多,錯(cuò)誤越多。因此,跟著提綱走,每一段不要寫得太多,點(diǎn)到為止,見好就收,這才是最穩(wěn)妥的對(duì)策??忌谄綍r(shí)的練習(xí)中可以訓(xùn)練自己快速列出提綱得能力,這是一個(gè)事半功倍得好方法,不僅可以幫你整理自己得寫作思路,還可以訓(xùn)練你的快速反映能力。最主要的是提綱可以幫你清晰的把握文章的脈絡(luò),對(duì)于寫作分?jǐn)?shù)的提高很有幫助。
在雅思寫作中語(yǔ)言和句式的巧妙運(yùn)用也可以為文章增色不少。 在寫作時(shí)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言把復(fù)雜的意思表達(dá)出來(lái)可謂是偉大之舉。
對(duì)于一個(gè)一時(shí)找不著詞的概念,應(yīng)該用一種迂回曲折的方式把意思表達(dá)清楚。或用一個(gè)短語(yǔ),或用一個(gè)從句,或三言兩語(yǔ),只要沒(méi)出什么語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。雅思寫作中有三個(gè)捷徑,可以使文章更容易獲得高分。
他們是:倒裝句,插入語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如果文章中出現(xiàn)幾處這樣的句子,相信考官對(duì)你的寫作水平是會(huì)另眼相看的。要是文章看上去更加活潑,單一的陳述句是不夠的,可以適當(dāng)?shù)拇┎逡恍靶揶o問(wèn)句”,這樣的文章看上去會(huì)更加靈動(dòng)。
例如:Firstly, in order to know itself better, a country needs to remember thepast. “Why we have these traditions? Why our culture and lifestyle are differentfrom other countries?” Those questions about us can only be answered by thehistory of the country. In addition, from the past, we can also learn lots ofthings. As old person always says “the past just like a mirror which can help usdo better in the future”. Indeed, from the failures and successes in the past,we can seek reasons, thus can avoid making similar mistakes.
句子 “Why we have these traditions? Why our culture and lifestyle aredifferent from other countries?” 放在這一段落中是不是看上去更加活潑了。
總之,熟悉雅思寫作的出題思路,把握雅思的出題方向,掌握雅思的寫作技巧,那么高分將悄然而至。
雅思寫作高分技巧:讓你的文章錦上添花
雅思寫作要求學(xué)生完成兩篇內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確合理,文章連貫,詞匯準(zhǔn)確豐富和語(yǔ)法正確句式多元的文章??偨Y(jié)下來(lái)就一個(gè)詞“錦上添花”。內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確合理和連貫,表達(dá)正確是作文的“錦”,而詞匯豐富和句式多元是“花”。
在和許多考生接觸的過(guò)程中,很多考生去背誦一些所謂的雅思詞匯卻不知道如何正確使用,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)表達(dá)生硬,用詞不當(dāng)?shù)那闆r。其實(shí)的所謂的難詞、難詞并不是幫助學(xué)生在詞匯方面獲得高分的決定因素,而是準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng),符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的詞匯和詞組才是關(guān)鍵。
來(lái)看看一些考生用錯(cuò)詞匯的例子:
緩解沖突
不恰當(dāng):solve the conflict
修改:resolvethe conflict
分析觀點(diǎn)
不恰當(dāng):pinpoint the argument
修改:analyse the argument
分析事件
過(guò)分復(fù)雜:anatomies (剖析) theissue
修改:analysethe issue
致命疾病
不準(zhǔn)確:deathful disease
修改:deadly/fataldisease
嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題
不正式:terrible problem
修改:pressing/urgentproblem
光臨店鋪
不準(zhǔn)確:patronage the shop
修改:patronize/frequentthe shop
上升趨勢(shì)
不準(zhǔn)確:an increase trend
修改:agrowing trend
要學(xué)會(huì)如何準(zhǔn)確用詞,首先要了解這個(gè)詞匯、詞組使用的語(yǔ)境,而不是望文生義的記背單詞,然后按照中式思維,生搬硬套,胡亂搭配,往往出錯(cuò)。如何去恰當(dāng)?shù)挠迷~呢?首先,雅思閱讀。在閱讀一篇文章的時(shí)候,考生可以看到一些詞匯是如何搭配,在什麼樣的上下文中準(zhǔn)確使用,在什麼語(yǔ)境下意思不同等等。唯有如此,才能完全掌握一個(gè)詞匯或者詞組的使用方法。
其次,雅思閱讀之后記下符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的詞組,也就是collocation。這是體現(xiàn)作者英文功底的關(guān)鍵。
雅思寫作備考三原則
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