你知道it的用法嗎?快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

【基礎(chǔ)語法】語法精煉之it的用法

一、it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

在表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，it 可用作先行代詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句型如下：It +is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that +其他部分。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可用who, whom 代替that.

例如：

Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

王教授每星期一下午教我們英語。

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語：It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.

強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語：It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.

強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語：It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.

1)該上課了，快。

It is time for class. Hurry up.

2)從這兒到你們學(xué)校遠(yuǎn)嗎? 不遠(yuǎn)，大約一公里。

Is it far from here to your school? No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.

3)從我家到頤和園去很近。

It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.

4)(天)正在下雨。

It’s raining now.

5)電燈是愛迪生發(fā)明的。

It was Edison who invented the electric light.

6)我認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是很重要的。

I think it important to learn a foreign language.

7)他通常一天讀兩次英語。

He made it a rule to read English twice a day.

8)從我家去天安門廣場坐公共汽車大約要一個小時。

It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.

反意疑問句

反意疑問句相當(dāng)于“對不對?”“好不好?”“行不行?”，用yes或 no 回答。由兩部分組成，前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是附加疑問短語，中間用逗號隔開，所以反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句。通常的形式是：肯定的陳述句+否定的附加疑問，或否定的陳述句+肯定的附加疑問。

如：

He studies English, doesn’t he?

He doesn’t study English, does he?

They are from America, aren’t they?

They are not from America, are they?

反意疑問句的主要形式：

1.如果主句是be或其他助動詞(如can, shall, will 等)，其反意疑問句用同一助動詞。

如：

We are late, aren’t we?

You haven’t met my wife, have you?

He can drive a car, can’t he?

They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they?

You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you?

2.如果主語帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定詞或半否定詞時，因為主句本身具有否定意義，附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定式，

如：

We seldom go to the cinema, do we?

Sue almost never worked, did she?

3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”結(jié)構(gòu)，由于”am not” 沒有相應(yīng)的縮略形式，附加疑問部分一般用aren’t I 代替。

如：

I am your friend, aren’t I?

I’m late, aren’t I?

I am a student, aren’t I?

在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you, won’t you.

4. 在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you, won’t you.

如：

Sit down, will you?

Have some tea, won’t you?

Open the window, won’t you?

這種句子可以理解為: Will you do something?

如:Will you open the window?

注意：否定的祈使句之后，只能用will.

如：

Don’t forget, will you?

Don’t make so much noise, will you?

5.以Let’s… 開頭的祈使句，肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如：

Let’s go back to our seats, shall we?

Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?)

這種句子可以理解為：Shall we (do something?),

如: Shall we go back to our seats. 這樣有助于理解和記憶。

注意：Let’s 與Let us 的區(qū)別：Let’s包括聽話人在內(nèi)，應(yīng)用shall we, 而Let us 不包括聽話人在內(nèi)，表示“請你讓我們…”，要用will you.

如：

Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建議)

Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示請求)

6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等時，附加疑問部分則往往與that 從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系，但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。

如：

I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?

(這句話明顯是要問“你是不是知道?”而不是問“我是不是這樣認(rèn)為?”)

I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?

7.當(dāng)主句的動詞have 表示“擁有”時，附加疑問既可用have, 也可用do,

如：

You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?

當(dāng)主句的have不表示“擁有”而表示其他意思時，附加疑問要用do,

如：

You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?

They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?

8.There be句型的反意疑問句，用there 作主語。

如：

There is something wrong, isn’t there?

There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不會有任何麻煩，是嗎?

9.陳述部分的主語是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代詞時，其疑問部分的主語可用he, 也可用they.

如：

Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?

英語反意疑問句的回答有點(diǎn)和漢語的相反。但一定要記?。褐灰卮鹗强隙ǖ模加脃es，只要回答是否定的，都用no。這在主句是否定句的時候要特別注意。例如：

Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ? No, he can’t.

瓊斯先生不會講法語，對嗎? 對，他不會講法語。

Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? Yes, he can.

瓊斯先生不會講法語，對嗎? 不，他會講法語。

This is not a door, is it? -Yes, it is. It is an iron door.

這不是門，對嗎? 不，這是門。是扇鐵門。

二、形式賓語it

it作形式賓語，代表其后所說的真正的賓語。真正的賓語是以that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或不定式短語。例如：

I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.

我認(rèn)為你們中國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語，不和你們自己的語言比較是不對的。

I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語不那么困難。

I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.

我記得向你明確表示過我不來。

They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.

他們要向公眾表明，他們在做一件重要而又必要的工作。

三、形式主語it

動詞不定式、動名詞短語、從句在句子中起主語作用，而這一部分用詞較多時，可以用it作為形式主語，放在句首代表其后所說的事實上的、真正的主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。

1.It +謂語+動詞不定式。It 作形式主語，動詞不定式作真正的主語。

例如：

It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艱難的。

It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是個好習(xí)慣。

It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在學(xué)習(xí)外語時適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲆恍┯兄谟洃浀木毩?xí)是很重要的。

It is right to do so. 這樣做是對的。

2.It+謂語+動名詞短語。It 作形式主語，動名詞短語作真正的主語。

例如：

It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危險的。

It is no use learning without thinking. 學(xué)而不思則罔。

It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子爭論是沒有用的。

3.It +謂語+名詞性從句。It 作形式主語，以that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是真正的主語。

例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.

你沒看這么好的電影，真可惜。

It is certain that we shall succeed. 我們一定會成功。

It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.

真奇怪，誰也不知道他住在哪里。

(It is strange that…后面可用虛擬語氣。

如：It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.

他居然犯了這樣一個錯誤，真奇怪。

It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.

居然沒有人知道他住在哪里，真奇怪。

It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.

據(jù)說飛機(jī)明天上午十點(diǎn)起飛。

IT還是HE

有這樣一道題，哪空該填 it 哪空該填 he?

a. Jim is at the door. ______ wants to see you.

b. Someone is at the door. ______ must be Jim.

A. That, It B. It, He C. He, It D. Who, He

此題應(yīng)選C。第a. 句填代詞 he，是因為前面一句用了Jim這一身份和性別都很明確的名詞;第b. 句填代詞it，是因為前面一句了someone這一指代不明確的代詞。

一般說來, 在指代身份或性別明確的人時, 通常要根據(jù)情況用代詞he/she;若是指代身份或性別不明的人, 則用代詞it：

I don’t know who it is. 我不知道那是誰。

A tall man stood up and shook hands with her. It was the general manager. 一個高個子站起來同她握了手，他是總經(jīng)理。

Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人來過，但我們不知道是誰。

There was somebody standing in front of the shop, but I couldn’t see who it was. 商店前站著一個人，但我沒看清是誰。

A: Who has let out the secret? 是誰泄漏了密秘?

B: It must be a big mouth. 一定是個快嘴。

A: I hear a knock at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。

B: It must be the postman. 一定是郵遞員來了。

A: Do you know who that is? 你知道那個人是誰嗎?

B: I suppose it is Mary’s father. 我想那是瑪麗的父親。

代詞的用法

It的用法

1.作人稱代詞

John likes playing Pingpong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指時間、天氣、環(huán)境等)

2.引導(dǎo)詞

A.作形式主語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。

It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.

B.作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。

We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city.

C.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (或who)…

注意：在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where，而應(yīng)用that 。在復(fù)習(xí)中，一定要注意句式的不同。

It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定從)

It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起時間狀語從句)

It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

3. it，one，that 的區(qū)別：作為代詞，這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。

—Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________?

A.it B.that C.one D.this

The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A.they B.it C.one D.which

one 用以指代同類事物中的任一，that 特指性強(qiáng)，指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞，而it指代上文提過的同一事物。

不定代詞

不定代詞種類較多，用法各異，在使用中一定要注意區(qū)別。

1、both，either ，neither 都表兩者范圍，在句中作主語、賓語、定語 ，both可用作同位語。both 意為"兩者都"，either 表"兩者中任一個"，neither表"兩者都不"。

2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范圍，any 表任何一個、一些(不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)概念，用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中);none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一個都不;表示不可數(shù)物中的一點(diǎn)兒也沒有;all 整個的;所有的(三者或三者以上);所有的(不可數(shù))。

e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing./ None of us are/is perfect./ All of the village was flooded.

3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表沒有人，nothing 指沒有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 著眼于數(shù)量概念。"特指的人或物一個也沒有，一點(diǎn)兒也沒有"。

—How many people are there in the hall ? —None.

—who wants to go with him ? —No one(Nobody).

—What can you see in the bottle ?—Nothing.

—Is there any water in it ?—None.

4、another，the other，the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或the others)，other (或other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞)：another 表三者或三者以上范疇中的任一;與數(shù)詞連用，表"再有";the other 表兩者中的另外那個，特指;the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指;others (或other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。

—I don't like this，show me another one.

If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15.

A.another B.other C.more D.Each (A)

人稱、物主、反身、指示代詞

高考重點(diǎn)要求

1.掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的基本用法。2.重點(diǎn)掌握不定代詞的指代含義及數(shù)的情況，能通過語境準(zhǔn)確選取答案。3.掌握it的基本用法。

一.人稱代詞

1)分清主格和賓格形式。

eg：—I love you more than her，child ./ —You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____?

A. you;me B.I;you C.you;you D.I;me

2)注意約定俗成的用法。

—Who is it ? —It's me .—I'd like to have a rest .—Me，too.

3)使用we 和you 泛指一般人

4)使用she代表國家、船只、月亮、大地等

China is a great country.She has a long history.

5)并列主語或賓語中順序是：you，he(she) and I; we，you and they

二.物主代詞：名詞性物主代詞――在句中做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容詞性物主代詞――只能起定語作用。

三.反身代詞

1) 在句中作賓語、表語和同位語;2)單復(fù)數(shù)的確定;3)在一些語境中的特殊含義。

e.g. I'm not quite myself today.我今天不大舒服。/ Make yourself at home.不要拘禮;請隨便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like.別緊張，喜歡吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快嗎?

四.指示代詞

(一)this，that，these those

1.在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。

2.this(these)一般指時間和空間上較近的人或物，而that (those)常指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine.

3.this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物，而that(those)常指前面講到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing./ He didn't come.That is why he didn't know.

4.that，those 常用來指代前面提到過的某個名詞。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995.( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.

(二)such

such引起倒裝句，謂語數(shù)取決于后面主語的數(shù)：e.g Such is my answer./ Such are our people.

做定語，注意和so 的區(qū)別，尤其是在so …that， such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers.(復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film.(也可為so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing.(不可數(shù)詞前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.(在數(shù)量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )

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