一、第一層為苦學

1、 The first level is hard study

提起學習就講“頭懸梁、錐刺股”，“刻苦、刻苦、再刻苦”。處于這種層次的同學，覺得學習枯燥無味，對他們來說學習是一種被迫行為，體會不到學習中的樂趣。長期下去，對學習必然產(chǎn)生了一種恐懼感，從而滋生了厭學的情緒，結(jié)果，在他們那里，學習變成了一種苦差事。

When it comes to learning, we should talk about "head suspended beam, cone stabbed stock", "assiduous, assiduous, and assiduous". At this level, students feel that learning is boring. For them, learning is a kind of forced behavior, and they do not experience the fun of learning. In the long run, there must be a fear of learning, which breeds the weariness of learning. As a result, learning becomes a kind of hard work for them.

二、第二層為好學

2、 The second level is studious

所謂“知之者不如好之者”，達到這種境界的同學，學習興趣對學習起到重大的推動作用。對學習的如饑似渴，常常注到廢寢忘食的地步。他們的學習不需要別人的逼迫，自覺的態(tài)度常使他們能取得好的成績，而好的成績又使他們對學習產(chǎn)生更濃的興趣，形成學習中的良性循環(huán)。

The so-called "the one who knows is not as good as the one who knows". For the students who reach this level, learning interest plays an important role in promoting learning. Hungry for learning, often to the point of forgetting food and sleep. Their study does not need other people's coercion, and their conscious attitude often enables them to achieve good results, which in turn makes them have a stronger interest in learning, forming a virtuous circle in learning.

三、第三層為會學

3、 The third level is learning

學習本身也是一門學問，有科學的方法，有需要遵循的規(guī)律。按照正確的方法學習，學習效率就高，學的輕松，思維也變的靈活流暢，能夠很好地駕御知識。真正成為知識的主人。

Learning itself is also a science, with scientific methods and laws to follow. According to the correct method of learning, learning efficiency is high, learning is easy, thinking is also flexible and fluent, can drive knowledge well. Become the master of knowledge.

目前，中學生的學習中，第一層居多，第二層為少數(shù)，第三層次更少。我們應(yīng)當明確，學習的一個重要目標就是要學會學習，這也是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展的要求。21世紀中的文盲將是那些不會學習的人。所以，同學們在學習中應(yīng)追求更高的學習境界，使學習成為一件愉快的事，在輕輕松松中學好各門功課。

At present, in middle school students' study, the first level is mostly, the second level is a few, and the third level is even less. We should make it clear that an important goal of learning is to learn to learn, which is also the requirement of the development of modern society. Illiteracy in the 21st century will be those who cannot learn. Therefore, students should pursue a higher level of learning in learning, so that learning becomes a happy thing, and learn all subjects easily.

三種學習習慣

Three learning habits

學習成績的好壞，往往取決于是否有良好的學習習慣，特別是思考習慣。

The quality of academic performance often depends on whether there are good study habits, especially thinking habits.

一、總是站在系統(tǒng)的高度把握知識

1、 Always stand at the height of the system to grasp knowledge

很多同學在學習中習慣于跟著老師一節(jié)一節(jié)的走，一章一章的學，不太對意章節(jié)與學科整體系統(tǒng)之間的關(guān)系，只見樹木，不見森林。隨著時間推移，所學知識不斷增加，就會感到內(nèi)容繁雜、頭緒不清，記憶負擔加重。事實上，任何一門學科都有自身的知識結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)，學習一門學科前首先應(yīng)了解這一系統(tǒng)，從整體上把握知識，學習每一部分內(nèi)容都要弄清其在整體系統(tǒng)中的位置，這樣做往往使所學知識更容易把握。

Many students are used to following the teacher's step by step and chapter by chapter in their study. They don't know much about the relationship between the chapters and the overall system of the discipline. They only see trees, not forests. As time goes on, the amount of knowledge we have learned will continue to increase, and we will feel that the content is complex, unclear, and the burden of memory will increase. In fact, every subject has its own knowledge structure system. Before learning a subject, we should first understand this system, grasp the knowledge as a whole, and clarify the position of each part of the content in the overall system, which often makes the knowledge easier to grasp.

二、追根溯源，尋求事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系

2、 Go back to the source and find the internal relationship between things

學習最忌死記硬背，特別是理科學習，更重要的是弄清楚道理，所以不論學習什么內(nèi)容，都要問為什么，這樣學到的知識似有源上水，有木之本。即使你所提的問題超出了中學知識范圍，甚至老師也回答不出來，但這并不要緊，要緊的是對什么事都要有求知欲，好奇心，這往往是培養(yǎng)我們學習興趣的重要途徑，更重要的是養(yǎng)成這種思考習慣，有利于思維品質(zhì)的訓練。

Learning is the most taboo rote learning, especially science learning, more importantly, to find out the truth, so no matter what you learn, you have to ask why. The knowledge you learn in this way seems to have the roots of water and wood. Even if your questions are beyond the scope of middle school knowledge, and even the teacher can't answer them, it doesn't matter. What matters is to be curious about everything. This is often an important way to cultivate our interest in learning. What's more, to cultivate this habit of thinking is conducive to the training of thinking quality.

三、發(fā)散思維，養(yǎng)成聯(lián)想的思維習慣

3、 Divergent thinking, forming the thinking habit of Association

在學習中我們應(yīng)經(jīng)常注意新舊知識之間、學科之間、所學內(nèi)容與生活實際等方面的聯(lián)系，不要孤立的對待知識，養(yǎng)成多角度地去思考問題的習慣，有意識地去訓練思維的流暢性、靈活性及獨創(chuàng)性，長期下去，必然會促進智力素質(zhì)的發(fā)展。

In learning, we should often pay attention to the connection between the new and old knowledge, between disciplines, between what we have learned and the reality of life. We should not treat knowledge in isolation, form the habit of thinking from multiple perspectives, consciously train the fluency, flexibility and originality of thinking. In the long run, it will inevitably promote the development of intellectual quality.

知識的學習主要通過思維活動來實現(xiàn)的，學習的核心就是思維的核心，知識的掌握固然重要，但更重要的是通過知識的學習提高智力素質(zhì)，智力素質(zhì)提高了，知識的學習會變得容易。所以上面講的學習的三個學習習慣實質(zhì)上是三種思維習慣。學習的重點就是學會如何思考。

The learning of knowledge is mainly realized through thinking activities. The core of learning is the core of thinking. It is important to master knowledge, but more importantly, to improve the intellectual quality through the learning of knowledge. With the improvement of intellectual quality, the learning of knowledge will become easier. So the three learning habits mentioned above are actually three thinking habits. The point of study is to learn how to think.

三個學習要點

Three learning points

關(guān)于學習的方法可以談很多，但重要的應(yīng)注意以下三點

There are many ways to learn, but we should pay attention to the following three points

一、多讀書，注意基礎(chǔ)

1、 Read more, pay attention to the foundation

要想學習好，基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握尤為重要，而基礎(chǔ)知識就是指課本知識，這一點同學們一定清楚。但在學習中，很多同學卻不重視課本的閱讀理解，只愿意去多做一些題，因為考試就是做題。實際上這是一種本末倒置的做法，應(yīng)當說，課本與習題這兩方面都很重要，互相不能替代，但課本知識是本，做題的目的之一是能更好地掌握知識。所以我們主張多讀書少做題，不主張多做題少讀書。

In order to learn well, it is particularly important to master the basic knowledge, which means textbook knowledge, which must be clear to students. But in the study, many students do not pay attention to the reading comprehension of the textbook, only willing to do some more questions, because the examination is to do the questions. In fact, this is a way of putting the cart before the horse. It should be said that both textbooks and exercises are very important and cannot be replaced by each other. However, textbook knowledge is the basis and one of the purposes of problem solving is to better master knowledge. So we advocate reading more and doing less, not doing more and reading less.

二、多思考、注重理解

2、 Think more and understand more

“學而不思則罔”，思考是學習的靈魂。在學習中，知識固然重要，但更重要的是駕御知識的頭腦。如果一個人不會思考，他只能做知識的奴隸，知識再多也無用，而且也不可能真正學到好知識。知識的學習重在理解，而理解只能通過思考才能實現(xiàn)，思考的源泉是問題，在學習中應(yīng)對意不要輕易放過任何問題，有了問題不要急于問人，應(yīng)力求獨力思考，自己動手動腦去尋找問題的正確答案，這樣做才有利于思考能力的提高。

"Learning without thinking is useless", thinking is the soul of learning. In learning, knowledge is important, but more important is to control the mind of knowledge. If a person can't think, he can only be a slave of knowledge. No matter how much knowledge is useless, he can't really learn good knowledge. The learning of knowledge focuses on understanding, which can only be realized through thinking. The source of thinking is the question. In learning, we should not let go of any question easily. When we have a question, we should not be eager to ask people. We should try to think alone and use our brains to find the right answer to the question. Only in this way can we improve our thinking ability.

三、多重復，溫故而知新

3、 Repeat and learn from the past

《論語》開篇第一句；“學而時習之”道盡學宗，不斷的重復顯然是學習中很重要的一個方面。當然，這種重復不能是機械的重復，也不只是簡單的重復記憶。我們主張每次重復應(yīng)有不同的角度，不同的重點，不同的目的，這樣每次重復才會有不同的感覺和體會，一次比一次獲得更深的認識。知識的學習與能力的提高就是在這種不斷的重復中得到升華，所謂溫故而知新也。

The first sentence of the beginning of the Analects of Confucius: "learning while learning" is the most important way to learn, and constant repetition is obviously a very important aspect of learning. Of course, this kind of repetition can not be mechanical repetition, nor just simple repetition memory. We advocate that each repetition should have different angles, different emphases and different purposes, so that each repetition can have different feelings and experiences and get deeper understanding one by one. The learning of knowledge and the improvement of ability are sublimated in this constant repetition, so-called learning from the past and learning from the new.

三種學習精神

Three learning spirits

一、不唯書

1、 Not only books

古人云：“盡信書，不如無書?！痹谖覀兊膶W習中，教科書是我們學習的重要材料，學好課本基礎(chǔ)知識是毫無疑問的。但是，這里應(yīng)當明確兩個問題；一、科學總是發(fā)展著的知識體系，我們所學的知識和方法不可能都是毫無缺陷的。這就需要我們多動腦筋，在思考的基礎(chǔ)上敢于懷疑，大膽探索，提出我們自己的觀點和看法。二、人們對事物的認識過程總是多次反復才能完成的。也許我們的懷疑是錯誤的，我們提出的觀點和見解是不正確的，但正是從這種錯誤與正確的交鋒中才能獲得正確的認識。一味死記硬背，即便把課本背熟了，也難以靈活運用。所以，我們提倡不唯書，并不是為了否定書，而是為了培養(yǎng)一種創(chuàng)新精神。

The ancients said, "it is better to believe in books than to have no books." In our study, textbook is an important material for us to learn. There is no doubt that we can learn the basic knowledge of textbook well. However, two problems should be clarified here. First, the knowledge system that science is always developing, and the knowledge and methods we have learned cannot be flawless. This requires us to use our brains, dare to doubt and explore on the basis of thinking, and put forward our own views and opinions. 2、 The process of people's understanding of things is always repeated many times. Maybe our suspicions are wrong, and our opinions and opinions are not correct, but it is from this kind of wrong and correct confrontation that we can get a correct understanding. Blindly memorize, even if the textbook is familiar, it is difficult to use flexibly. Therefore, we advocate not only books, not to deny books, but to cultivate an innovative spirit.

二、不唯師

2、 Not only teachers

在中學生的學習中，很多同學上課時只會認真聽講；把老師的板書一字不差地抄錄下來，課后進行消化吸收，但卻很少能發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、提出問題，老師講什么是什么，教什么把什么，把自己變成了一個“知識容器”。瑞士著名的教育心理學家皮亞杰曾說過；“教育的主要目的是培養(yǎng)能創(chuàng)新的而不是簡單重復前人已做過的事的人?！彼?，我們主張同學要多與老師交流，當對老師講的有疑問或有不同看法時，要敢于堅持自己的觀點，敢于向老師質(zhì)疑，甚至與老師爭論，在爭論中我們失去的只是錯誤，而得到的除了正確的認識外，更重要的是智力的發(fā)展，還有勇氣和信心的提高，最終有“青出于藍而勝于藍”的必然。

In the middle school students' study, many students only listen to the teacher carefully in class; they copy the teacher's blackboard writing word for word, digest and absorb after class, but they seldom find and ask questions, what the teacher says, what the teacher teaches, and turn themselves into a "knowledge container". Piaget, a famous Swiss educational psychologist, once said, "the main purpose of education is to cultivate people who can innovate rather than simply repeat what they have done before." Therefore, we advocate that students should communicate with teachers more often. When they have questions or different opinions about what teachers say, they should dare to adhere to their own views, dare to question teachers, or even argue with teachers. What we lose in the argument is only mistakes, and what we get is not only correct recognition, but also the development of intelligence, as well as the improvement of courage and confidence The necessity of "better than blue".

三、不唯一

3、 Not unique

對于一個知識的理解，可以從不同的角度去認識；對于一道題的求解，可以有不同方法；對于一個實際問題，可以從不同學科去分析解決。世界本身就是一個多樣化的世界，我們學習的目的決不是為了追求唯一的答案。所以，我們在學習中必須具備這種“不唯一”的意識和精神，盡可能尋求更多解決問題的途徑，養(yǎng)成多方面、多角度認識問題的習慣，訓練思維的靈活性和變通性。

For the understanding of a knowledge, we can understand it from different perspectives; for the solution of a problem, we can have different methods; for a practical problem, we can analyze and solve it from different disciplines. The world itself is a diversified world, and the purpose of our study is not to pursue the only answer. Therefore, we must have this kind of "not only" consciousness and spirit in our study, seek more ways to solve problems as much as possible, form the habit of recognizing problems from various aspects and angles, and train the flexibility and flexibility of thinking.

三條學習原則

Three learning principles

學習的具體方法，往往因人而異，不同的人有不同的學習特點，完全可以根據(jù)自己的實際情況采取不同的措施。但也需要我們嚴格遵守一些共同的原則，它們是取得好成績的重要保證。

The specific methods of learning are often different from person to person, different people have different learning characteristics, and different measures can be taken according to their actual situation. But we also need to strictly abide by some common principles, which are important guarantees for good results.

一、自覺性原則

1、 Principle of consciousness

自覺性要求中學生能夠自覺地安排自己每天的學習活動，自覺地完成各項學習任務(wù)。我們應(yīng)當明確，當學習是一種自覺的行為時才更有效，特別是中學生的學習，主要依靠自覺來完成。如果把學習變成一種被別人壓迫的行為，學習的動力就會減弱，久而久之就會產(chǎn)生厭倦感，失去學習興趣，學習效果可想而知。所以，對于那些學業(yè)不佳的同學應(yīng)首先檢查自己的學習自覺性如何，一切屬于自己的事，必須自覺地去做，這是做好一切事情的前提。

Self consciousness requires middle school students to be able to consciously arrange their daily learning activities and consciously complete various learning tasks. We should make it clear that learning is more effective when it is a conscious behavior, especially for middle school students, which mainly depends on self-consciousness. If learning becomes a kind of behavior oppressed by others, the driving force of learning will be weakened, and over time there will be a sense of boredom, loss of interest in learning, and the learning effect can be imagined. Therefore, for those students who are not good at their studies, they should first check their self-awareness of learning. They must consciously do everything that belongs to them, which is the premise of doing everything well.

二、主動性原則

2、 Initiative principle

主動性要求中學生的學習有熱情，主動獲取知識，不等待，不依靠，不恥下問。做任何事情，積極主動是取得成功的必要條件，學習也不例外。很多同學在學習中恰恰缺乏這一點，不懂的問題寧肯爛在肚子里，也不愿開口問一下別人。老師講什么，就學什么，不越“雷池”半步，很少主動與老師、同學交流，有的同學甚至一年也不會問老師一個問題。這些同學決不是一個問題也沒有，而是缺乏學習的主動性和積極性，而這種被動的學習狀態(tài)是十分有害的，必須改變。

The initiative requires that middle school students have enthusiasm in learning, take the initiative to acquire knowledge, do not wait, do not rely on, and do not feel ashamed to ask questions. To do anything, initiative is the necessary condition for success, and learning is no exception. Many students lack this point in their study. They would rather rot in their belly than ask others questions. What a teacher says and what he learns, he seldom takes the initiative to communicate with his teachers and classmates, and some students won't even ask a question for a year. These students are not without a problem, but lack of initiative and enthusiasm in learning, and this passive learning state is very harmful and must be changed.

三、獨立性原則

3、 Principle of independence

獨立性要求中學生做事有主見，不輕信，不盲從，不人云亦云，能獨立完成學習任務(wù)，不輕易受群體因素的影響。很多優(yōu)秀的學生往往具備這樣的特征。當別的同學總愿讓老師反復講解時，他們卻更愿意獨立思考，依靠自己獨立的智慧去努力獲取知識。正是他們這種學習的獨立性，造就了他們的出類拔萃。我們認為，如果在學習中沒有獨立性，就沒有創(chuàng)造性，就不可能取得最佳的學習效果。

Independence requires middle school students to be independent, not credulous, not blindly obedient, not following others, able to complete learning tasks independently, not easily affected by group factors. Many excellent students often have such characteristics. When other students are willing to let the teacher explain again and again, they are more willing to think independently and rely on their own independent wisdom to strive for knowledge. It is their independence in learning that makes them outstanding. We believe that if there is no independence in learning, there is no creativity, and it is impossible to achieve the best learning effect.

三種學習技能

Three learning skills

一、學會快速閱讀

1、 Learn to read fast

直接從書中獲取知識是一條重要的途徑，即使是教科書中的知識，也不能純粹依靠老師的講解來學習。一個掌握閱讀技能的學生，能夠更迅速、更順利地掌握知識，學的更主動，更輕松。在實際學習中，許多同學習慣于上課聽講，下課做作業(yè)，即使是教科書也不甚閱讀，更不用說大量閱讀課外書籍。長期下去造成的結(jié)果是不會讀書，沒有形成熟練的閱讀技能，對學習的發(fā)展造成嚴重阻礙，這可能是很多同學在學業(yè)上落伍的一個重要原因。我們講的閱讀技能并不是指能簡單的讀，而是指在閱讀的同時能思考，在思考的同時能閱讀的能力，是指能夠根據(jù)不同書籍的模式迅速分清主次、把握書中內(nèi)容的一種技能。這就要求同學必須多讀書，注意了解不同書籍的特點和閱讀技巧，加強讀思結(jié)合，并且有意識地加快閱讀速度，逐漸形成快速閱讀技能。

It is an important way to get knowledge directly from books. Even the knowledge in textbooks can not be learned only by the teacher's explanation. A student who has mastered reading skills can master knowledge more quickly and smoothly, learn more actively and easily. In practical learning, many students are used to listening in class and doing homework after class. Even textbooks are not very reading, let alone reading a lot of extracurricular books. In the long run, the result is that students can't read and don't form proficient reading skills, which seriously hinders the development of learning. This may be an important reason why many students fall behind in their studies. The reading skills we talk about are not the ability to read simply, but the ability to think while reading and to read while thinking. They are the skills that can quickly distinguish the primary and secondary and grasp the contents of books according to different book models. This requires students to read more books, pay attention to the characteristics and reading skills of different books, strengthen the combination of reading and thinking, and consciously speed up the reading speed, and gradually form fast reading skills.

二、學會快速書寫

2、 Learn to write fast

中學階段課業(yè)負擔比較重，如果沒有掌握快速書寫的技能，這種負擔會更加沉重。比如課堂上跟不上老師的速度記錄筆記，課后完成作業(yè)用時過多，考試因書寫太慢而答不完試卷等，這些現(xiàn)象都與書寫技能有關(guān)?？梢哉f書寫技能是我們借以掌握知識的工具，這種工具所處的狀態(tài)將決定我們能否有效而合理地使用時間。那些書寫速度慢的同學對此應(yīng)引起足夠的注意，自覺地加強這方面的訓練，盡快掌握這一技能。當然，快速書寫的同時還要保證字跡的清楚與規(guī)范。

The burden of schoolwork in middle school is heavier. If we don't master the skills of fast writing, the burden will be heavier. For example, we can't keep up with the teacher's speed to take notes in class, spend too much time to finish homework after class, and can't answer the test paper because of too slow writing in the exam. All these phenomena are related to writing skills. It can be said that writing skill is a tool for us to master knowledge. The state of this tool will determine whether we can use time effectively and reasonably. Those students who are slow in writing should pay enough attention to it, consciously strengthen the training in this field, and master this skill as soon as possible. Of course, while writing fast, we should also ensure the clarity and standardization of the handwriting.

三、學會做筆記

3、 Learn to take notes

做筆記是一種與動手相結(jié)合的學習行為，有助于對知識的理解和記憶，是一種必須掌握的技能。中學生的學習筆記主要有課堂筆記、讀書筆記和復習筆記等，課堂筆記應(yīng)注意結(jié)合教材進行記錄，不能全抄全錄老師的板書。讀書筆記應(yīng)注意做好圈點勾批，所謂“不動筆墨不讀書”。復習筆記應(yīng)注意做好知識的歸納整理，理清知識結(jié)構(gòu)和聯(lián)系。還需要指出的是，不論哪種筆記都要做好疑難問題的記錄，便于集中處理。

Note taking is a kind of learning behavior combined with hands-on, which is helpful for understanding and memory of knowledge, and is a necessary skill. The learning notes of middle school students mainly include class notes, reading notes and review notes, etc. the class notes should be recorded in combination with the teaching materials, instead of completely copying and recording the teacher's blackboard writing. Note reading should pay attention to the circle mark, so-called "do not move the pen and ink do not read.". In reviewing the notes, we should pay attention to the induction and arrangement of knowledge, and clarify the structure and connection of knowledge. It should also be pointed out that no matter what kind of notes, it is necessary to record difficult problems for centralized processing.

三種學習能力

Three learning abilities

一、獨立探求知識的能力

1、 The ability to explore knowledge independently

這種能力也可以叫自學能力，在外界條件完全相同的情況下，不同的學生所取得的學習成績是不同的，這有多方面的原因，但其中自學能力不同是一個重要原因。那些優(yōu)秀的同學往往具有較強的自學能力，他們不僅僅滿足在老師指導下的學習，更注重獨立探求知識。他們注重對書本的自學理解，遇到問題，并不急于求教，而是首先通過獨立思考來解決，他們總是根據(jù)自己的實際情況來安排學習，表現(xiàn)出較強的獨立性和自主性。我們認為，在一個人所學到的知識中，獨立探求的比例越大，那么知識掌握的就越好，而且能更好地促進他的進一步發(fā)展。所以，同學們在學習中應(yīng)加強自學精神和獨立意識。

This kind of ability can also be called self-study ability. Under the same external conditions, different students have different academic achievements, which has many reasons, but the different self-study ability is an important reason. Those excellent students often have strong self-study ability. They are not only satisfied with learning under the guidance of teachers, but also pay more attention to independent knowledge exploration. They pay attention to the self-study and understanding of books. When they encounter problems, they are not eager to seek advice, but first solve them through independent thinking. They always arrange their study according to their own actual situation, showing strong independence and autonomy. We believe that the larger the proportion of independent exploration in the knowledge one has learned, the better the mastery of knowledge and the better the further development of knowledge. Therefore, students should strengthen the spirit of self-study and independent consciousness in their study.

二、與他人合作的能力

2、 Ability to work with others

人類的認識活動總是在一定的社會環(huán)境中完成的，所以我們在主張獨立探求知識的同時，還需要加強與他人的合作學習，通過合作學習，更加全面、更加深刻地理解知識。老師講，學生聽，只是一種單向傳遞，知識的掌握需要雙向、多向交流，所以，我們不僅要主動與老師多交流，而且要與同學進行積極的討論。學會認真聽取別人的意見，互相協(xié)作解決問題，也是善于同別人打交道的一種社交能力。一位哲學家曾說過：“我有一個蘋果，你有一個蘋果，交換以后，我們還是擁有一個蘋果。但是，我有一種思想，你有一種思想，交換以后，我們就會擁有兩種思想?！?/p>

Human cognitive activities are always completed in a certain social environment, so while we advocate to explore knowledge independently, we also need to strengthen cooperative learning with others, through cooperative learning, to understand knowledge more comprehensively and profoundly. The teacher said that students' listening is only a one-way transfer, and the mastery of knowledge needs two-way and multi-directional communication. Therefore, we should not only actively communicate with teachers, but also actively discuss with students. Learning to listen to others' opinions and solve problems in cooperation with each other is also a social ability to deal with others. A philosopher once said: "I have an apple, you have an apple, after the exchange, we still have an apple. But I have a thought, you have a thought, after exchange, we will have two thoughts. "

三、流暢的表達能力

3、 Fluent expression

一些同學認為，好象只有文科要求有較好的寫作表達能力，實際上理科所要求的解答過程也是一種表達能力。我們這里所說的表達能力不僅包括文字表達，還包括口頭表達。在很多學習活動中，善于演講，能夠準確、自如地表達自己的思想是一種重要的學習能力。語言是與人交流的工具，也是思維能力的表現(xiàn)，不注意表達能力的訓練，不僅影響與他人的交往，而且會影響思維的發(fā)展，進而影響學習。所以，同學們應(yīng)有意識地加強表達能力的自我訓練。

Some students think that it seems that only liberal arts require a good writing and expression ability, but in fact, the answer process required by science is also an expression ability. The expression ability we are talking about here includes not only written expression, but also oral expression. In many learning activities, it is an important learning ability to be good at speech and express your thoughts accurately and freely. Language is not only a tool to communicate with people, but also a manifestation of thinking ability. Not paying attention to the training of expression ability will not only affect the communication with others, but also affect the development of thinking, and then affect learning. Therefore, students should consciously strengthen the self-training of expression ability.

四種思維品質(zhì)

Four thinking qualities

通俗地講，人們在工作、學習、生活中每逢遇到問題，總要“想一想”，這種“想”，就是思維。它是通過分析、綜合、概括、抽象、比較、具體化和系統(tǒng)化等一系列過程，對感性材料進行加工并轉(zhuǎn)化為理性認識及解決問題的。我們常說的概念、判斷和推理是思維的基本形式。無論是學生的學習活動，還是人類的一切發(fā)明創(chuàng)造活動，都離不開思維，思維能力是學習能力的核心，培育高品質(zhì)的思維是我們最重要的學習任務(wù)之一。

Generally speaking, when people encounter problems in work, study and life, they always have to think about it. This kind of thinking is thinking. It is through a series of processes such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction, comparison, concretization and systematization to process perceptual materials and transform them into rational knowledge and solve problems. We often say that concept, judgment and reasoning are the basic forms of thinking. Thinking is the core of learning ability, and cultivating high-quality thinking is one of our most important learning tasks.

一、敏捷性

1、 Agility

是指思維活動的反應(yīng)速度和熟練程度，表現(xiàn)為思考問題時的快速靈活，善于迅速和準確地做出決定、解決問題。培養(yǎng)思維的敏捷性應(yīng)注意：l、熟練掌握基礎(chǔ)知識和基本技能，熟能生巧。2、課堂聽講超前思維，搶在老師講解之前進行思考，把課堂接受知識的過程變成思維訓練的活動。3、定時作業(yè)，有意識地限定時間完成學習任務(wù)。

It refers to the reaction speed and proficiency of thinking activities, which is reflected in the quick and flexible thinking of problems, and good at making decisions and solving problems quickly and accurately. To cultivate the agility of thinking, we should pay attention to: 1. Master the basic knowledge and skills, and practice makes perfect. 2. We should think ahead of the time when we listen in class, and think ahead of the teacher's explanation, so as to turn the process of receiving knowledge into the activity of thinking training. 3. Time assignment, consciously limit the time to complete the learning task.

二、深刻性

2、 Profundity

是指思維活動的抽象和邏輯推理水平，表現(xiàn)為能深刻理解概念，分析問題周密，善于抓住事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。培養(yǎng)思維的深刻性應(yīng)注意；l、追根究底，凡事都要去問為什么，堅決擯棄死記硬背。2、積極開展問題研究，按寫小論文，養(yǎng)成深鉆細研的習慣。

It refers to the level of abstract and logical reasoning in thinking activities, which is manifested in deep understanding of concepts, thorough analysis of problems, and good at grasping the essence and laws of things. To cultivate the depth of thinking, we should pay attention to; 1. After all, we should ask why and resolutely abandon rote learning. 2. Actively carry out problem research, write small papers, and form the habit of deep drilling and detailed research.

二、整體性

2、 Integrity

指善于抓住問題的各個方面，又不忽視其重要細節(jié)的思維品質(zhì)。考慮問題，總是從整體出發(fā)，能夠很好地處理整體與局部關(guān)系。培養(yǎng)思維的整體性應(yīng)注意：l、站在系統(tǒng)的高度學習知識，注重知識的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，經(jīng)常進行知識總結(jié)。2．尋找新舊知識的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別，挖掘共性，分離個性，在比較中學習新知識。3、注重知識的縱橫聯(lián)系，在融會貫道中提煉知識，領(lǐng)悟其關(guān)鍵、核心和本質(zhì)。

It refers to the thinking quality that is good at grasping all aspects of the problem without neglecting its important details. When considering problems, we always start from the whole, and can deal with the relationship between the whole and the part well. To cultivate the integrity of thinking, we should pay attention to: 1. Stand at the height of system to learn knowledge, pay attention to the overall structure of knowledge, and often summarize knowledge. 2. Search for the connection and difference between the old and new knowledge, excavate the commonness, separate the individuality, and learn the new knowledge in the comparison. 3. We should pay attention to the vertical and horizontal connection of knowledge, refine knowledge in the integration of Tao, and understand its key, core and essence.

四、創(chuàng)造性

4、 Creativity

指思維活動的創(chuàng)造意識和創(chuàng)新精神，不墨守成規(guī)，奇異、求變，表現(xiàn)為創(chuàng)造性地提出問題和創(chuàng)造性地解決問題。培養(yǎng)思維的創(chuàng)造性應(yīng)注意：l、加強學習的獨立性，保持應(yīng)有的好奇心。2．增強問題意識，在課堂聽講和讀書學習中，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，提出問題。3、注重思維的發(fā)散，在解題練習中進行多解、多變。

It refers to the creative consciousness and spirit of thinking activities, which are unconventional, bizarre and change seeking, which is manifested in creatively raising problems and creatively solving problems. To cultivate the creativity of thinking, we should pay attention to: 1. Strengthen the independence of learning and keep the curiosity. 2. Enhance the awareness of problems, and pay attention to finding and raising problems in class listening and reading. 3. Pay attention to the divergence of thinking, and carry out multiple solutions and changes in problem-solving exercises.

四位良師益友

Four good teachers and friends

在我們的學習中，除了代課教師，個少還有三位特殊的“老師”，它們的作用和老師一樣重要，也是我們學習中的良師益友。

In our study, in addition to substitute teachers, there are only three special "teachers". Their role is as important as that of teachers, and they are also good teachers and friends in our study.

一、自信

I. self-confidence

在實際學習中，不少同學總認為自己比別人笨，小相信自己的能力。他們不敢碰難題，即便做出答案也總懷疑不正確，更不敢向?qū)W習好的同學挑戰(zhàn)。這種自信缺乏，嚴重地阻礙了學習的進步。如果說每個人都有巨大的潛能，那么，自信就是開發(fā)巨大潛能的金鑰匙。不管什么時候，我們都要認識到，人與人之間雖然存在著差異，但每個人可供開發(fā)的潛力所能達到的高度是不可限量的。只要自己敢想、敢做，永不服輸，就一定能不可阻擋地走向成功。自信是學習中的第一位老師。

In the actual study, many students always think that they are more stupid than others and believe in their own ability. They dare not meet difficulties, even if they make answers, they always doubt that they are not correct, and they dare not challenge their good classmates. This lack of self-confidence seriously hinders the progress of learning. If everyone has great potential, then self-confidence is the golden key to develop great potential. At any time, we should realize that although there are differences between people, the height that everyone can reach for the development of potential is unlimited. As long as you dare to think, dare to do, and never give up, you will be able to succeed unstoppably. Self confidence is the first teacher in learning.

二、課本

Two, textbooks

課本是我們學習中的第二位老師。課本知識是最基本的知識，它隨時伴隨在我們身邊，每有問題，我們首先想到的應(yīng)當是查閱課本。不僅如此，課本還起著訓練同學自學能力的作用，那些平時不重視閱讀課本，只把課本當做課后練習的習題本的同學是很難學好知識的。

The textbook is the second teacher in our study. Textbook knowledge is the most basic knowledge, it is always with us, every problem, we should first think of reading textbooks. Not only that, textbooks also play a role in training students' self-study ability. Those students who do not pay attention to reading textbooks at ordinary times and only regard textbooks as exercise books after class are difficult to learn knowledge well.

三、同學

Three, classmate

“三人行，必有我?guī)熝伞！蓖瑢W是我們學習中的第三位老師。學習不僅需要學生與教師之間的雙向傳遞，更需要同學之間的多向交流，同學之間的協(xié)作更方便。通過同學之間的討論、爭辯，有助于開拓思路，激發(fā)思維，互相促進。

"If you go with three people, you will have my teacher." Students are the third teacher in our study. Learning needs not only the two-way transmission between students and teachers, but also the multi-directional communication between students, and the cooperation between students is more convenient. Through discussion and debate among students, it is helpful to open up ideas, stimulate thinking and promote each other.

四、教師

Four, teachers

我們的任課教師是我們學習中的第四位老師。這并不是輕視教師的作用，只是指教師沒有課本和同學更易接近、更方便。教師的重要作用在于對知識的關(guān)鍵進行點撥，是學生學習的外圍推動力，因此，上課時認真聽講就顯得尤為重要。

Our teacher is the fourth teacher in our study. This is not to belittle the role of teachers, but to point out that teachers are more accessible and convenient without textbooks and classmates. The important role of teachers is to point out the key of knowledge, which is the peripheral driving force of students' learning. Therefore, it is particularly important to listen carefully in class.