專題四 代詞

　　一、 代詞概述

　　代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。

　　二、代詞分類

　　英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用主要分為：人稱代詞、物主

　　代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞。

　　1、 人稱代詞及其用法

　　1)人稱代詞主格和賓格

　　人稱

　　單、復(fù)數(shù)

　　主格

　　賓格

　　第一人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　I

　　me

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　we

　　us

　　第二人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　you

　　you

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　you

　　you

　　第三人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　he

　　him

　　she

　　her

　　it

　　it

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　they

　　them

　　2) 人稱代詞的用法

　?、?人稱代詞主格在句子中擔(dān)任主語。

　　例如：She likes watching movies.她喜歡看電影。

　　They have been to America twice..他們到過美國兩次。

　?、?人稱代詞賓格在句子中擔(dān)任動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。

　　例如： We listen to them and they help us.我們聽他們，他們幫我們。

　　---Who is knocking at the door? --It’s me.—誰在敲門?—是我。

　　2、 物主代詞及其用法

　　1)形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞

　　人稱

　　單、復(fù)數(shù)

　　形容詞性

　　名詞性

　　詞義

　　第一人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　my

　　mine

　　我的

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　our

　　ours

　　我們的

　　第二人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　your

　　yours

　　你的

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　your

　　yours

　　你們的

　　第三人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　his

　　his

　　他的

　　her

　　hers

　　她的

　　its

　　its

　　它的

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　their

　　theirs

　　他們的

　　2)物主代詞的用法

　?、?形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句子中擔(dān)任定語修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。

　　例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.這是我的書。你的書在那里。

　　They are our new friends.他們是我們的新朋友。

　?、诿~性物主代詞語法上相當(dāng)于名詞，意義上相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，經(jīng)常用其來避免和前面提到的名詞重復(fù)。

　　例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?這是我的詞典。你的(詞典)在哪里?

　　My idea is just the same as his(=his idea).我的想法正如他的(想法)。

　　3、反身代詞及其用法

　　1)反身代詞的構(gòu)成

　　人稱

　　單、復(fù)數(shù)

　　詞形

　　詞義

　　第一人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　myself

　　我自己

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　ourselves

　　我們自己

　　第二人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　yourself

　　你自己

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　yourselves

　　你們自己

　　第三人稱

　　單數(shù)

　　himself

　　他自己

　　herself

　　她自己

　　itself

　　它自己

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　themselves

　　他們自己

　　2)反身代詞的用法

　?、?反身代詞在句子中擔(dān)任動詞賓語或介詞賓語。

　　例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.這男孩太小了無法照顧自己。

　　They did the job all by themselves.這件工作他們完全是自己做的。

　?、?反身代詞常用詞組

　　例如：teach oneself自學(xué) learn by oneself自學(xué) enjoy oneself玩得愉快

　　hurt oneself傷了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself蘇醒

　　by oneself單獨(dú);親自

　　4、 指示代詞及其用法

　　1) 指示代詞：單數(shù)this(這)、 that(那);復(fù)數(shù)these(這些), those(那些)

　　2) 指示代詞的用法

　　① this/these用于指代近距離的人或事物。

　　例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.這是我的朋友。這些是

　　他的新書。

　　② that/those用于指代遠(yuǎn)距離的人或事物。

　　例如：Look!That girl in red is Kate.瞧!那個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩是凱特。

　?、?打電話時(shí)用this介紹自己，用that詢問對方。

　　例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是瑪麗，您是瓊斯夫人嗎?

　　5、 不定代詞及其用法

　　不定代詞是比較復(fù)雜的一類代詞，在詞形上有簡單的不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞兩種形式，分別列表如下。

　　1) 表一：初中階段常見的簡單的不定代詞

　　不定代詞

　　常用詞義

　　some，any

　　一些（人或物）；任何（人或物）

　　many，much

　　許多（人或物）

　　few，little

　　幾乎沒有（人或物）

　　a few，a little

　　有少數(shù)或少量（人或物）

　　both

　　兩者都

　　all

　　三者及以上都

　　either

　　兩者之一；或者……或者

　　neither

　　兩者都不

　　none

　　三者及以上都不

　　another

　　三者以上中的任意一個(gè)

　　one

　　一個(gè)

　　other，others

　　其他的（泛指）

　　the other，the others

　　其他的（特指）

　　表二：復(fù)合不定代詞

　　one

　　body

　　thing

　　some

　　someone某人

　　somebody某人

　　something某事

　　any

　　anyone任何人

　　anybody任何人

　　anything任何事

　　no

　　no one沒有人

　　nobody沒有人

　　no thing沒有東西

　　every

　　everyone每人

　　everybody每人

　　everything每一件事

　　2) 不定代詞的用法

　　在實(shí)際使用中，普通不定代詞多數(shù)時(shí)候用作形容詞修飾名詞。

　?、?some和any。兩者均可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。但在說話人想要得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請求、建議的疑問句中用some。

　　例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there aren’t any teachers.

　　教室里有一些學(xué)生，但沒有老師。

　　---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.

　　--想要喝茶還是咖啡?--謝謝，兩個(gè)都不要。

　?、?many 和much。many修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

　　兩者均可以和表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用構(gòu)成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.

　　例如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。

　　How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么會犯這么多錯(cuò)誤?

　　Please speak English as much as possible.請盡量說英語。

　　③ few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，little和a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。

　　例如：He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生，所以幾乎沒有朋友(表示否定)。

　　I have so little money that I can’t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我?guī)缀鯖]錢了，買不起這本雜志(表示否定)。你能借我一些嗎?

　　---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人，我可以和你說幾句話嗎(表示肯定)?--當(dāng)然可以，我有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)時(shí)間(表示肯定)。

　　④ both和all。both只能用于指代兩者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。

　　例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母親都是老師。我哥和我是學(xué)生。我們都生活在長沙。

　?、?either， neither和none。either只能是“兩者中取其一”，neither是“兩者都不”，是both的反義詞，none“都不”是all的反義詞。

　　例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得幫助你爸爸在花園里干活。(只要一個(gè)人幫助爸爸干活即可)

　　---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.—你想要牛奶還是咖啡?--都不要，水就可以。

　　They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他們都是青少年，誰都不應(yīng)該獲許抽煙。

　?、?other, others, the other, the others.概括地說，不帶the的為泛指，帶the的為特指，帶s的指代復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，不帶s的指代單數(shù)的人或物。

　　例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中國其他城市大。

　　Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷鋒樂于助人。

　　I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有兩個(gè)好朋友，一個(gè)是杰克，另一個(gè)是大衛(wèi)。

　　I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天買了六本書。一本是英語，其余的(書)都是中文。

　?、?one, another, one指代上文提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，避免重復(fù)。another指的是三者以

　　上中的任意一者，還可以表達(dá)“額外添加”的意思。

　　例如：This building is taller than that one.這個(gè)建筑比那棟高。

　　I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.

　　我已經(jīng)花了半個(gè)小時(shí)做這件工作，但是我還要十分鐘才能夠完成。

　?、?復(fù)合不定代詞的句法功能可以參考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列幾點(diǎn)必須

　　注意：

　　a)復(fù)合不定代詞在句子中擔(dān)任主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

　　例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?電腦出問題了嗎?

　　Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齊了，我們開會吧。

　　b)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞要放在他們的后面，做后置定語。

　　例如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.請安靜，我有重要

　　的事情要告訴你們。

　　6、 疑問代詞及其用法

　　疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用，用來構(gòu)成疑問句。

　　疑問代詞

　　主要用法

　　例句

　　who

　　“誰”，主格形式作主語

　　Who can answer the question?

　　Who is the man over there?

　　whom

　　“誰”，賓格形式，口語中往往

　　被who代替

　　Whom/whom are you talking to?

　　whose

　　“誰的”所有格形式

　　Whose exercise book is this?

　　Whose is this exercise book?

　　what

　　詢問不定書目中的“哪個(gè)”、

　　“哪些”，沒有范圍的限定；也

　　可用于詢問某人的職業(yè)

　　What are you going to do?

　　What class are you in?

　　What is your mother?

　　which

　　“哪個(gè)”、“哪些”，詢問一定

　　范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物

　　Which class are you in, Class 1 or

　　Class 2?

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:

　　1 ---Is that man in blue your father? ---No, _______ is my headmaster.

　　A. he B. him C. she

　　2. ---Laura, this is my backpack. Where is _______? ---Mine is over there.

　　A. your B. yours C. his

　　3. ---Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? ---Yes, she teaches _____ Chinese.

　　A. us B. our C. ours

　　4. ---Is David _________ cousin or theirs? ---He is my cousin.

　　A. your B. yours C. you

　　5. Excuse me, _____pen is broken. May I use ________?

　　A. my, your B. I, yours C. my, yours

　　6. ---Is this your MP4, Mike? ---No, it’s ______.

　　A. his B. her C. my

　　7. We must learn English by __________.

　　A. us B. our C. ourselves

　　8. Could you lend me ______ bike? I lost ______ last Saturday.

　　A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, mine

　　9. ---Who taught _____ German? ---Nobody. She learned all by _______.

　　A. she, her B. her, herself C. hers, herself

　　10. --- Which would you like, bread or rice? --- ______ of them. I’m full now.

　　A. Either B. Neither C. All

　　11. ---_______does your cousin look like? ---He’s tall and thin.

　　A. What B. Who C. Which

　　12. Believe yourself. You’re better than ________. You’re the best. Wish you success.

　　A. anyone else B. some else C. else anyone

　　13. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.

　　A. it B. this C. that

　　14. ---_______ are you talking about? ----The Olympic Games in Beijing.

　　A. What B. How C. Whom

　　15. ---What about this T—shirt? ---I don’t like the color. Please show me _____one.

　　A. other B. the other C. another

　　16. ---Did you enjoy ____ at the party, Jimmy? –Yes, Mum. I enjoyed ___very much.

　　A. yours, ourselves B. yourselves, myself C. yourself, myself

　　17. They three were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to have a rest.

　　A. some B. none C. all

　　18. There is ______ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.

　　A. someone B. anybody C. nobody

　　19. Do you know the girl between Lucy and ______?

　　A. she B. his C. me

　　20. ---Could you tell me ______ to do next? ---Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.

　　A. what B. how C. when

　　21. ---Can we put our sports shoes here? ---Oh, yes. Put ______ here, please.

　　A. them B. their C. they

　　22. ---______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?

　　A. Where B. For what C. With whom

　　23. _____ isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.

　　A. That B. It C. This

　　24. ---Hello! ---_______is Mary speaking. Is ______ Lily? --- Yes, speaking.

　　A. This, this B. This, that C. That, this

　　25. ---Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? --- A friend of _______.

　　A. you B. her C. mine

　　26.There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.

　　A. either B. all C. both

　　27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but ________ of them can come.

　　A. both B. neither C. all

　　28.---Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ____ for me?

　　---Sure. But you must take good care of it.

　　A. one B. it C. that

　　29.The weather in Hengyang is different from ______ in Beijing.

　　A. one B. it C. that

　　30.As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ________.

　　A. ourselves B. us C. myself

　　31.Never say you’re a fool. Everyone is good at ________.

　　A. something B. anything C. everything

　　32 I like pop music, but _______ my father _______ my mother likes it.

　　A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor

　　33.---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?

　　---_______ is OK. I’m free these days.

　　A. Both B. All C. Either

　　34 There are only _________ new words in the passage, but I know _____ of them.

　　A. some; all B. a few; none C. lots of; a few

　　35 ---Who is singing in the next room? --- _______ must be Marie.

　　A. It B. She C. This

　　36.The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.

　　A. ones B. that C. those

　　37 ---Two Evening Papers, please! ---Only one copy left. Would you like to have ___, sir?

　　A. one B. it C. this

　　38 ---Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone?

　　---_________. I enjoy using QQ.

　　A. Either B. Neither C. None

　　39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim’s.

　　A. those B. that C. ones

　　40.We can’t leave our grandparents by _________.

　　A. they B. them C. themselves

　　41.---Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? ---Sure. I have ______ time.

　　A. a few B. little C. a little

　　42.---Is _______ here today? ---No. Han Mei isn’t here. Maybe she’s ill.

　　A. someone B. anyone C. everyone

　　43.---Have you finished your task? ---No, I’ll finish it in _______ ten minutes.

　　A. less B. other C. another

　　44.Mrs White has two children. _______ is a driver, and ______ is a nurse.

　　A. One; another B. One; the other C. One; other

　　45.The old woman asked _______, “What should I do?”

　　A. herself B. her C. hers

　　46.Either you or I _______ right.

　　A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　47 We found _______ necessary to protect the environment.

　　A. it B. this C. that

　　48.It was ________ fine day that they went to the park.

　　A. so a B. a so C. such a

　　49._________went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.

　　A. Someone B. No one C. Nothing

　　50.---______ did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?

　　A. How B. Where C. For what

　　1-5 ABAAC 6-10 ACBBB 11-15 AAAAC 16-20 CBACB 21-25 ABBBC

　　26-30 CBACA 31-35 ACCBA 36-40 CBBAC 41-45 CCCBA 46-50 BACBC