(一) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、(疑問(wèn)詞+)to do結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、主語(yǔ)從句、復(fù)合不定代詞、表單位數(shù)量的時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、復(fù)數(shù)形式的學(xué)科名詞(physics, politics)、國(guó)家或組織名稱(the United States, the United Nations)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。提示：what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (如：What we need are good doctors.　我們需要的是好醫(yī)生。)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：More than twenty years have passed since we graduated. 我們畢業(yè)后已經(jīng)過(guò)了二十多年?！究祭?】All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. (2012湖南)A. show; are B. shows; areC. show; is D. shows; is解析：D。evidence與use在句中均為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！究祭?】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽)A. keeps B. keepC. have kept D. had kept解析：A。Walmart屬于專有名詞，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。(二) 在“名詞/代詞+介賓結(jié)構(gòu)+謂語(yǔ)+……”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作修飾成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見(jiàn)介詞及短語(yǔ)介詞有with/together with/along with/as well as/like/rather than/but/except/besides / including / in addition to等?！究祭縏he famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013福建)A. were invited B. was invitedC. have been invited D. has been invited解析：B。主語(yǔ)為The famous musician，as well as…起修飾作用，根據(jù)2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知，描述的是過(guò)去的事，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(三) “all/a lot/plenty/part/the rest/most /分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般取決于of后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞?！究祭?】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)A. is B. are C. was D. were解析：D。which指代前面的the raw materials，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。本句描述過(guò)去的事情，因此應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?！究祭?】One-third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people. (2011湖南)A. is; are B. is; isC. are; are D. are; is解析： A。the majority of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(四)a number of/an average of/a total of等+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而the number of/the average of/the total of等+名詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;“a great(large)/small number of，many，a few，few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。a little， little, much， a great deal of， a large amount of一般只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(如：A great deal of petrol is wasted. )【考例1】The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山東)A. is B. areC. has been D. have been解析：C。本句的主語(yǔ)為The number of…結(jié)構(gòu)?！究祭?】Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry. (2005遼寧)A. is working B. worksC. work D. worked解析：C。句中a large number of…作主語(yǔ)，意為“大量的……”。(五)“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而在“the only/ right/ very one of+名詞+關(guān)系代詞+從句謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！究祭?】Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress. (2010全國(guó)Ⅱ)A. wear B. wearsC. has worn D. have worn解析：B。從句先行詞為the only one of the women，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！究祭?】At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)A. is B. are C. will be D. was解析：A。該句是one of...結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。(六) pairs of/amounts of/quantities of...等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; a pair of(表示一雙，一條時(shí))/an amount of / a series of構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式?！究祭?】— Why does the lake smell terrible?— Because large quantities of water _____. (2009福建)A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been polluted解析： D。該句是quantities of構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。【考例2】As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land. (2001上海)A. number; has B. quantity; hasC. number; have D. quantity; have解析：B。 a number of后通常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，該句desert是不可數(shù)名詞, a large quantity of后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞;a quantity of后面加的desert為不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(七) and連接并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，表示不同概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！究祭?】A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江蘇)A. is B. are C. was D. were解析：A。句意：一位詩(shī)人兼藝術(shù)家明天下午要給我們做關(guān)于中國(guó)文學(xué)和繪畫的報(bào)告。該題由and連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，但第二個(gè)名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞，因此指的是同一人，故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。注意：由and連接的兩個(gè)帶冠詞單數(shù)名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The tenth and the last chapter were written by his father.【考例2】Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. (2007浙江)A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decidedC. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided解析：A。 when and where指的是“做講座的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)”這一個(gè)概念，可用單數(shù)形式。由yet可知應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。【注意】如表示不同的概念，則要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.(八) cattle/police/people/clothes/goods以及復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(九)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常根據(jù)句意來(lái)確定。常見(jiàn)的這類詞有deer / fish / means / sheep / species / works等。如： All means have been tried. 各種手段都試過(guò)了。 One means is still to be tried. 還有一種手段尚待一試。(十)主語(yǔ)是集合名詞family / government / public / audience等，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。考點(diǎn)二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致(一) either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…/not…but…/or等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語(yǔ)決定;(二)在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語(yǔ)決定?！究祭?】Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)A. are B. is C. have D. be解析：B。該句主語(yǔ)由either…or…連接，根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與one of your students保持一致?！究祭?】—Is everyone here?—Not yet... Look, there _____ the rest of our guests! (2010江蘇)A. come B. comesC. is coming D. are coming解析：A。 此倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語(yǔ)the rest of our guests決定。 D項(xiàng)形式為“進(jìn)行”，實(shí)際表示“將來(lái)”，不符合題意。考點(diǎn)三、常見(jiàn)固定格式的主語(yǔ)(一) 由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., many a ...and (many a )..., no... and (no)...等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：【考例】— Did you go to the show last night?— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____invited. (2008陜西)A. were B. have beenC. has been D. was解析：D。 and連接并列名詞并且被every等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。該句描述過(guò)去的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(二) many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞及more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);而more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than+one作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; a + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一兩條理由。 A day or two is enough. 一兩天就夠了?！究祭縄t is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area. (2010陜西)A. are being built B. were being builtC. was being built D. is being built解析：D。many a修飾主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。再根據(jù)at present可知“正在被修建”，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主謂一致專練1. Look! A large number of students _____ in the playground.A. run B. runs C. is running D. are running2. It is not you or Tom but Alice that _____ to give us a speech about how to learn English well next Wednesday.A. is B. are C. will be D. have3. We each _____ a bicycle, but most of us _____ use it frequently.A. have; don’t B. has; don’t C. have; doesn’t D. has; doesn’t4. My father, together with some of his old friends, _____ talking in the study for 3 hours.A. are B. were C. has been D. have been5. As a result of the dry weather this year, most of the people in the area _____ for drinking water.A. need looking B. needs to look C. needs looking D. need to look6. The man dancing with his wife now is the only one of the clerks in his office who _____invited to the palace ball.A. has B. have been C. has been D. have7. Every boy and every girl in this school _____ an extra course according to their own interests this term.A. has chosen B. have chosen C. is chosen D. are chosen8. So far, not only the workers but also the machine _____ worn out after working day and night for 10 days.A. has been B. have been C. was D. were9. A recent report of the media _____ that some of the top students in Beijing _____ chosen to go to universities in Hong Kong.A. show; have B. shows; has C. show; has D. shows; have10. Between the two buildings _____ a monument which is in honor of the dead heroes during the Anti-Japanese War.A. is standing B. are standing C. stands D. stand11. It was reported that six tourists, including one from the US, _____ in the accident.A. has injured B. have injured C. were injured D. was injured12. One of Marx’s works _____ written in English in the 1860s.A. are B. would be C. were D. was13. Generally speaking, being hard-working _____ just what it takes for you to be successful in your career.A. is B. are C. was D. were14. Nobody but your own father and mother _____ always waiting for you to go home for supper.A. are B. have been C. were D. is15. All means _____ been tried but the young are still crazy about violence and destruction, and thus the police _____ to use arms.A. have; has B. has; has C. have; have D. has; have16. The professor and writer _____ going to give a lecture this afternoon, so the assistant and the secretary _____ busy preparing now.A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is17. Over 80 percent of the cattle raised in this country _____ exported to the rest of the world.A. is B. are C. has D. have18. — John, there are only two students in the classroom. Where _____ the rest?— I don’t know.A. have been B. has been C. are D. is19. The eco-system of this river has been totally destroyed because large quantities of polluted water _____ poured into it every day.A. is B. are C. was D. would be20. The United Nations _____ after World War ｢òto solve the international problems and conflicts in a peaceful way.A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were found21. No teacher and student _____ to have classes on Sunday.A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed22. The construction of the two new railway lines _____ by now.A. has been completed B. have been completedC. has completed D. have completed23. Even though he has lived there for 30 years, very few _____ his address in the town.A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows24. Such athletes as Liu Xiang _____ widely known, of whose achievements some _____ really amazing.A. are;are B. is;is C. are;is D. is;are25. When and where the war in the African country will come to an end _____ still unknown.A. has B. is C. were D. are參考答案及解析：1-5 DAACD6-10 CAADC11-15 CDADC16-20 CBCBB21-25 BACAB1. D?！癮 number of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;再據(jù)上文Look可知，學(xué)生們正在跑步，因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2. A。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，not…but…連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要就近選擇，所以該句謂語(yǔ)與Alice保持一致，用單數(shù)形式。3. A。each充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)關(guān)，第一空真正主語(yǔ)是we;第二空主語(yǔ)為most of us，是復(fù)數(shù)概念。4. C?！懊~/代詞+together with...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，together with…作修飾成分，真正的主語(yǔ)是My father，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);再根據(jù)句意可知，他們一直在談話，因此應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。5. D。most of the people作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由people決定，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。need to do sth意為“需要做某事”。6. C。在“the only/ right/ very one of+名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“被邀請(qǐng)”。7. A。在由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., many a ...and (many a )..., no... and (no)...等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。8. A。 either…or… / neither…nor… / not only…but also… / not…but…/or等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語(yǔ)決定。此句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與就近的the machine保持一致，所以用單數(shù);根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)So far可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。9. D。 第一空主語(yǔ)是A recent report，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);第二空主語(yǔ)是some of the top students，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。10. C。此倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由其后面的主語(yǔ)a monument決定，因此用單數(shù)。因?yàn)槊枋隹陀^存在，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。11. C。句子真正的主語(yǔ)為six tourists，including引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示受傷。12. D。在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);再據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the 1860s可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。13. A。being hard-working是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。14. D。but在此句中為介詞，意為“除……之外”，真正主語(yǔ)是Nobody，不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的always可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“總是”。15. C。means等單復(fù)同形的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由句意決定。由All means可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù);第二個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)是police，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為cattle, police, people等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。16. C。第一空主語(yǔ)是and連接的兩部分，指身為教授和作家的同一人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);第二空主語(yǔ)是and連接的并列部分，都有冠詞the修飾，表示助手和秘書(shū)兩人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。17. B。“(百)分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)一般由of后的名詞決定，cattle 為集合名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“被出口”。18. C。the rest在句中指的是其余同學(xué)，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。19. B。“l(fā)arge quantities of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù);再據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every day可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。20. B。主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式的國(guó)家、組織名稱等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式;根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“被成立”。21. B。當(dāng)and連接的并列主語(yǔ)由 each/every/no等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，該句是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。22. A。construction意為“施工，建設(shè)”，為不可數(shù)名詞。of引導(dǎo)的介賓結(jié)構(gòu)起修飾作用，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。complete為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使(某事物)結(jié)束; 完成”，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。23. C。few, a few等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述客觀情況。24. A。as引導(dǎo)的介賓短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是Such athletes， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);定語(yǔ)從句中some代指some achievements，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。25. B。此句主語(yǔ)是when and where引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，表示一個(gè)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。