【考例1】
Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. (2012北京)
A. why B. how C. that D. whether
解析：C(2013江西)
A. Whoever B. Whatever
C. Whichever D. Wherever
解析：C。 句意：你們中的任何一個打破窗戶的話，都要付出代價。 因為已經(jīng)給出了范圍(of you)，因此用Whichever引導主語從句，并在從句中修飾one，whoever在句中不能修飾代詞。
考點二、引導詞 whether 和 if 的區(qū)別
【考例】
We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (2006江蘇)
A. if B. where
C. whether D. that
解析：C。whether與if的區(qū)別大致如下：
1. whether和if均可用來引導主語從句，但if引導的從句不能位于句首。
2. whether和if均可用來引導賓語從句，但當強調(diào)賓語從句并將其提前時只能用whether。如: Whether I have read the book or not, I can’t remember.
3. 引導介詞賓語時只用whether不用if。
4. 引導表語從句用whether而不用if。
5. 引導同位語從句用whether而不用if。
6. 在動詞不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。
7. if除了表示“是否”，還可以表示“如果”;而whether只能表示“是否”。
8. if和whether都可以與or not連用，但if與or not之間需用詞語隔開，而whether則不受此限制。如: Please tell me whether or not you agree.
I don’t know whether/if he will come or not.
考點三、名詞性從句的語序
【考例】
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ______. (2010上海)
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
解析：B。which引導的從句作know的賓語，要用陳述語序。與別的從句一樣，名詞性從句要用自然語序，即使在疑問句中，從句也不倒裝(而在主句上倒裝)。
考點四、who / whoever, what / whatever等的區(qū)別
帶有ever的連接代詞/副詞表任意性或隨意性，意為“無論……”。
【考例】
We promise ______ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (2012福建)
A. who B. whom
C. whoever D. whomever
解析：C。whoever引導賓語從句，作promise的賓語， promise sb sth答應某人某事。whoever在句中意為anyone who。句意：我們承諾任何參加聚會的人都有機會和這位電影明星合影。
考點五、where，when，why, how等連接副詞引導的名詞性從句
where，when，why, how等連接副詞也可以引導名詞性從句，使用的關(guān)鍵是：這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯要求。
【考例】
Scientists study ______ human brains work to make computers. (2012四川)
A. when B. how C. that D. whether
解析：B。句意：科學家研究人腦是如何工作的，從而制造出電腦。how引導賓語從句，并在從句中作狀語。
考點六、it作形式主語或形式賓語
【考例】
Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ______ you have lived there for a short or a long time. (2012湖南)
A. why B. how C. whether D. when
解析：C。It在句中為形式主語，whether引導的從句為真正的主語。
名詞性從句專練
1. I know nothing about Mr. Black but _____ he is a doctor from America.
A. how B. when C. that D. why
2. At first he decided to go abroad but then decided to stay a few weeks to see _____ he could find a good job.
A. if B. that C. why D. when
3. _____ you think wrong may be right in the others?eyes.
A. What. B. How C. Whether D. That
4. 梂ould you please tell me _____ I can get the ticket for tomorrow抯 movie?
W—By calling the ticket office.
A. where B. how C. when D. whether
5. What makes the difference when we are faced with challenges is, I think, _____ we should believe in our courage.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
6. DIY books are of great help to _____ may choose to do things themselves.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
7. I am still kept in the dark as to _____.
A. when will the birthday party be held B. whether will they hold the party
C. when the party will be held on time D. where they will hold the party
8. He hasn’t made it clear _____ he will go to Shanghai by plane.
A. what B. whether C. how D. which
9. _____ is of great importance now, my teacher often reminds me, is study.
A. It B. As C. What D. Which
10. _____ can get an apple if he finishes his work on time.
A. Anyone B. Anyone who C. Whoever D. No matter who
11. ?Have you finished reading the nov.el?
— No. I’ve read up to _____ Robinson Crusoe builds a house on the island.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
12. At first, we arrived at _____ the local people called guaipo.
A. that B. what C. where D. when
13. It抯 amazing! _____ is it that has made her _____ she is today?
A. Why; that B. What; that C. What; what D. When; how
1c4. ?What made you so angry with Tommy?
?The way he treats his father is _____ annoys me most.
A. what B. how D. C. that D. why
15. Jim was about to give up when an idea occurred to him _____ he could work with Jack for the project.
A. what B. because C. that D. whether
16. It is _____ her father didn抰 keep his promise, I guess, _____ made her angry.
A. what; that B. that; that C. which; which D. that; which
s17. — I wonder _____ you call your parents.
?Twice a week.
A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much
18. ?How about seeing a film this evening, just for a change?
?OK, _____ you want.
. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
19. The fact has upset most of the parents _____ their kids spend too much time on computer games.
A. when B. that C. who D. whether
20. One seemingly simple solution is to move water from _____ it is abundant to dry areas.
A. how B. whom C. where D. which
21. _____ team wins on Friday will compete in the 2016 Olympic Games.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
22. Is it in this classroom _____ we will have an exam?
A. by which B. that C. which D. what
23. _____ surprises us most that she doesn’t even know where the difference lies.
A. What B. As C. It D. That
24. —John told me Lily was fined for speeding.
—_____ he said is none of my business.
A. Who B. Whatever C. Which D. No matter what
25. Courage is a kind of quality, which is _____ it takes to get you out of trouble.
A. what B. why C. when D. how參考答案及解析
1-5 CAABD 6-10 CDBCA 11-15 DBCAC 16-20 BACBC 21-25 DBCBA
1. C。that在此處作連詞，引導賓語從句。
2. A。根據(jù)句意可知，他留下來是想看是否能找到好工作。因此用if表示“是否”。
3. A。what引導主語從句并且在從句作think的賓語;that和whether在從句中不作成分，how在從句中作狀語。
4. B。 根據(jù)對方的答語By calling the ticket office可知，問話者是在詢問獲得明天票的方式，所以應該選擇B項。
5. D。that引導表語從句，在從句中不作成分。I think在句中為插入語。
6. C。whoever引導賓語從句，作介詞to的賓語。whoever=anyone who。此題很容易錯選B或D項，認為to后面應該接賓格形式，實際上介詞to后面接了一個賓語從句，whoever在從句中作主語。
7. D。名詞性從句一般應該用陳述語序。句意：關(guān)于他們將在哪里舉行晚會，我還一無所知。
8. B。whether意為“是否”， 在句中引導賓語從句(it為形式賓語)。how與by plane重復。
9. C。what引導主語從句并且在從句作主語。my teacher often reminds me為插入語。
10. A。此題很容易誤選其他選項，認為是考查從句。句中Anyone為主語，if引導條件狀語從句。該句可改為：Anyone who/Whoever finishes his work on time can get an apple。
11. D。to后接賓語從句。句意表示“我讀到了魯賓遜在島上建了一所房子”，故用where引導賓語從句，表示閱讀的進度。
12. B。at后面接一個由what引導的賓語從句，what作call的賓語。
13. C。第一空考查強調(diào)句的特殊疑問形式，what引導特殊疑問句，對強調(diào)部分進行提問。第二空what引導從句并且在從句中作表語。
14. A。what引導表語從句并且在從句中作主語。how或why在從句中不能作主語，that引導表語從句在從句中不作成分。
15. C。that引導同位語從句，具體說明idea的內(nèi)容。what引導名詞性從句在從句中作一定的成分，但是此句從句不缺成分。an idea occurred to sb that... 某人突然想到……。
16. B。本句屬于強調(diào)句型，對于主語部分(第一個that引導的從句)進行強調(diào)，因為主語從句不缺成分，所以不能用what或which引導。第二個空是it is…that的強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
17. A。how often在句中引導賓語從句，作wonder的賓語。根據(jù)答句內(nèi)容可知， 問的是頻率，因此應該用how often。
18. C。句意：——今晚看場電影怎么樣?來點新鮮的?！冒。茨愕囊馑及? 根據(jù)語境分析出后者支持前面的提出的觀點。whatever在句中作want的賓語。
19. B。考查同位語從句。學生花太多的時間玩電腦游戲是一個事實，所以不能選擇whether，whether表示“有疑問、不確定”的概念。that引導同位語從句并且在從句中不充當任何成分。句意：學生花太多的時間玩電腦游戲，這個事實讓大部分家長感到不安。
20. C。where引導賓語從句作介詞from的賓語。句意：一個看似簡單的辦法是把水從水量充沛的地方運至干旱地區(qū)。
21. D。根據(jù)句意可知，應該用whichever表示一定范圍之中的任何一個。句意：在星期五獲勝的任何一隊將會參加2016年奧運會。
22. B。這是一個it is…that的強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。與it作形式主語情況不同的是，將it is…that這個強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)去掉后，句子不缺成分，即In this classroom we will have an exam。
23. C。句中it作形式主語， that she doesn’t even know where the difference lies為真正的主語。如果選What，則that前面應加上is。
24. B。答語句意：他說什么都和我沒有關(guān)系。句中Whatever相當于Anything that，引導主語從句。no matter what…只能引導狀語從句。
25. A。what引導表語從句并且在從句中作take的賓語。句意：勇氣是一種品質(zhì)，是你擺脫困境時所需要的。
