1．a(chǎn)loud adv．出聲地(使別人能聽得到)Reading aloud is a good way in leaning English．朗讀是學英語的一個好方法。▲loud adj. 大聲的，聲音洪亮的，loud—louder—loudestHe talked in a loud voice so that everyone could hear him．他說話聲音很大以便于每個人都能聽得到他?！鴄dv. loud—louder—loudestDon’t talk so loud．The kids are reading．說話小聲些，孩子們正在看書。(Speak)louder，please!請再說高一些!▲loudly adv吵吵鬧鬧地，噪聲地I heard someone knocked loudly at the door．我聽到有人在使勁敲門。They are talking loudly in the next room．他們在隔壁說話聲很大。2．voice n．噪音，鳥鳴聲She has a sweet voice．她聲音很甜美。She raised her voice so that she could be heard．她提高了嗓音隊便于別人能聽清楚。He lost his voice．／He had no voice because of the cough．因為咳嗽，他失聲了?！鴑oise n噪音，吵鬧Don’t make so much noise．別弄出那么大的噪音。I heard a strange noise outside．我聽到外邊奇怪的聲音?！鴖ound n．(自然界中的)聲音，響聲Sound travels slower than light．聲音的傳播比光慢。3．memory n．(計算機的)儲存器A lot of information is stored in the memory．計算機的儲存器能儲存很多信息。▲n．記憶力He has a poor memory after the car accident．車禍后他的記憶力很差了?！鴑. 回憶，懷念I(lǐng) have a pleasant memory of my childhood．我對童年有美好的回憶?！鴐emorize／memorise vt. 記住，背過He can memorize new words very quickly．他能很快記住很多單詞。4. frustrate vt．使失望，使沮喪The serious illness frustrated his dream for college．他上大學的夢想遭受挫折。▲frustrating adj. 令人失望的What he said is frustrating.他所說的話很令人失望。She finds it frustrating to watch English movies．她覺得看英語電影很令人失望(因為看不懂)?！鴉rustrated adj. 失望的，沮喪的He was frustrated when he failed again in the test．當他再次考試沒及格后，他很失望。5．a(chǎn)dd vt. 增加，加She tasted the soup and added more salt．她嘗了嘗湯，又加了些鹽?！鴄dd to 增添His coming added to our trouble．他的到來給我們添了很多麻煩?！鴄dd up to 總計達……，加起來……The number of the students in our class adds up to 55．我們班上學生的數(shù)目加起來是55人。▲vt. 補充說，又說He said goodbye to us and added that he would visit us again．他和我們說了再見，又說他會再來看我們的。6. excite vt．使興奮The news that our team had won excited everybody．我們隊贏了的消息令所有的人很激動?！鴈xciting adj．令人興奮的The soccer game is exciting．那場足球賽很令人激動?！鴈xcited adv. 興奮的，激動的We were very excited at the news．當聽到那個消息，我們很激動。7．speak(speak—spoke—spoken)說(語言)，講話Can you speak French?你會說法語嗎?Do you know who will speak at the meeting?你知道誰要在會上發(fā)言?▲talk to／with sb 與某人談話，talk about／of sth／sb談論某人或某事He was talking to／with his friend whom I called him．當我給他打電話時，他正在和他的朋友談話。What are you talking about?你們在說什么?▲say 說(后接說的內(nèi)容)What did he say at the meeting?他在會上說了什么?She said she would be back the next week．她說下周回來。▲tell 告訴tell sb sth 告訴某人某事(接雙賓語)Who told you the news?是誰告訴你的那個消息?▲講，說tell stories講故事，tell a lie撒謊，tell the truth說實話Grandma used to tell stories to me when 1 was young．我小的時候，奶奶經(jīng)常給我講故事。Don’t believe him! He is telling a tie．別信他!他在撒謊。To tell you the truth，I don’t quite agree with you．老實說，我不太同意你的意見。8．complete vt．使完全，使完整，(圓滿完成)She’s trying to complete collection of the CDs．他試圖收齊那套CD?！鴄dj. 巧完整的，完全的Can you make complete sentences?你會造完整的句子嗎?He is a complete stranger to me．他對我來說完全是陌生的。9．secret n．秘密It’s a secret between you and me，so don’t tell it to others．那時我們之間的秘密，所以不要告訴別人?！鴄dj. 秘密的Let’s keep it secret from others．咱們不讓別人知道此事。Let the cat out of the bag．= Let out the secret．泄露秘密。10．impress vt．使感動，給……深刻印象What he did impressed everybody present．他的事跡給在場的人留下了深刻的印象。The beautiful sights of the country impressed all of us．那個國家的美景打動了我們所有的人。 、、▲impressed adj. (被)感動的We were impressed by what he did．我們被他的話所感動。11. native n. 當?shù)厝?，本國人When we were on vacation in Brazil，we lived like the natives．我們在巴西度假時，就像當?shù)厝四菢由睢he kangaroo is a native of Australia．袋鼠是產(chǎn)于澳洲的動物?！鴑ative speaker 生來就說某種語言的人He speaks English so well that we all think he is a native speaker·他的英語說得太好了，我們都認為他是個本地人。▲native language 母語Marx was born in Germany，and German was his native language．’馬克思出生在德國，法語是他的母語。Important phrases(重點詞組)1．1isten to cassettes 聽磁帶2．first of all 首先3．work／study with a group 和小組一起學習4．watch English language TV 看英語電視5．spoken English 英語口語6．writing practice 寫作訓練7．join an English club 加入英語俱樂部8．1ater on 以后；隨后9．look up words(in a dictionary) 查同典10．native speakers 生來就說某種語言的人11．not at aIl 根本不；一點也不12．end up 結(jié)束13. ask the teacher for help 求助于老師14．make up 組成；編造15．enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事16．take notes 做筆記17．make mistakes 犯錯誤1 8．make flashcards 制作認讀卡片19．read aloud 朗讀20. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困難Important sentences 重點句子)1. How do you study for a test?你怎樣準備考試?▲study for a test prepare for a test 準備考試— What were you doing when I called last night?一I was studying for the math test．一 昨天晚上我打電話時你在干什么?一 我在準備數(shù)學測驗。2. I study for an English test by listening to cassettes.我聽錄音準備英語測驗?！鴅y 靠，用(方法，手段等)，后接動名詞(doing…)He makes a living by repairing bikes．他靠修車為生。▲listen vi．后加to再接名詞。My sister was listening to music when I got home．當我到家時，姐姐正在聽音樂。Listen! Someone is knocking at the door．聽!有人在敲門。3．He studies by asking the teacher for help．他靠求助于老師來學習。▲ask sb for help求助于某人—You can ask me for help if you have trouble．—Thank you．1 will．— 如果你有麻煩，你可以求助于我。一 謝謝。我會的。4．Do you ever practice conversations with friends?你曾經(jīng)和朋友練習過會話嗎?▲ever adv. 用于疑問句和否定旬中，“曾經(jīng)”Do you ever worry that you’11 fail a test?你擔心考試會不及格嗎?▲practice vt．(Am.E) ＝ practice (Br.E) 練習▲在美國英語中practice既可作名詞又作動詞；但在英國英語中practice為名詞；practise為動詞。5. What about listening to cassettes?聽錄音怎么樣?▲what about + n.／pron／doing? ＝how about + n／pron／doing。例如：What／How about going to the movies tonight?今晚去看電影怎么樣?6. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?靠朗讀來練習發(fā)音怎么樣?read aloud 朗讀Reading aloud is very helpful in leaning English．朗讀在學英語中很有幫助。7．I’ve learned a lot that way． 我那樣學到了很多?！鴄 lot 代表一個不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Though he is young，he knows a lot．他雖然很小，但他知道很多?！鴗hat way相當于一個副詞，way用于which，this，that之后，構(gòu)成短語，“那樣”。如：Don’t talk to your parents that way．別那樣和父母說話。8．It improves my speaking skills．它能提高我的口語技巧?！鳬mprove vt. 改進，改善，提高His work is improving slowly．他的工作在慢慢改進。Her pronunciation has greatly improved．他的發(fā)音大大提高了。▲speaking skill 口語技巧 listening skill 聽力技巧writing skill 寫作技巧 reading skill 閱讀技巧9. It’s too hard to understand to voices．聽懂不同的聲音很困難?！鴗oo + adj.／adv. + to do “太……而不能……”。又如：He is too young to go to school．他太小，不能上學。She runs too slow to catch up with me．她跑得太慢追不上我。10．This week we asked students at New Star High School about thebest ways to learn more English．本周我們問新星中學學生關(guān)于多學點英語的方法。▲ask sb about sth 詢問某人關(guān)于……的情況Ask her about the pen that you lost．She may have found it．問問她你丟的鋼筆，也許她撿到了?！鴗he best ways to do sth = the best ways of doing sth 做……的好辦法Who can tell me the best way of memorizing／to memorize new words?誰能告訴我記單詞的辦法是什么?11. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little．她說記流行歌曲的歌詞也有點幫助。▲that引導的是賓語從句，在賓語從句中memorizing the words of pop songs為動名詞短語作主語。例如：Teaching English is my job．教英語是我的工作。Doing morning exercises is good for your health．做早操對你的身體有好處?！鴄 little有點，代表不可數(shù)名詞，其反義詞為a lot。一Would you like some sugar in your coffee?你的咖啡里想加糖嗎?一Yes．just a little．好，要一點點。12．He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it．他學英語有六年了，并且很喜歡它?！癶as／have been doing sth”現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示從過去某一時間開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還要進行下去的動作。又如：She has been learning English for 5 years．她學英語有五年了。He has been reading for 2 hours and hasn’t finished it yet．他看書有兩個小時了，但還沒有完成。13. He finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly．他發(fā)現(xiàn)看英語電影很令人失望，因為人們說話太快?！鴦用~watching movies在此句中作賓語，又如：I like playing basketball．我喜歡打籃球?！鴉rustrating為現(xiàn)在分詞充當形容詞作用，在句中作賓語watching movies的賓語補足語?！鴉ind sb／sth + n.／adj.／doing “發(fā)現(xiàn)某人……”，后面的“n.／adj.／doing”作賓語補足語。又如：I find him a hard-working student．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個勤奮的學生。I find physics difficult to learn．我發(fā)現(xiàn)物理很難學。When she got home，she found him lying in the bed，i11．當她到家時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在床上病了。14．She added that having conversations with friends wasn’t helpful at a11．她補充說和朋友練習會話一點幫助都沒有?！鴋aving conversations with friends為動名詞短語作賓語從句中的主語，要特別注意，動名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，不要與friends一致。例如：Taking care of the little kids is her job．照看孩子們是她的工作?！鴑ot…at all 一點也不，用來加強語氣，又如：I don’t agree with him at a11．我一點也不同意他的意見。15. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese．我們會因為某件事變得很激動，最后用漢語來描述。▲end up達到某種狀態(tài)或采取某種行動，又如：At first he said nothing but he ended up apologizing．一開始，他什么也不說，到頭來還是道了歉。16．1’m doing a survey about learning English．Can l ask you some questions?我正在就關(guān)于學習英語作調(diào)查。我能問你幾個問題嗎?▲do a survey about sth／doing sth 關(guān)于……作調(diào)查Last week，we did a survey about surfing the Internet．上周，我們就網(wǎng)上沖浪作了個調(diào)查?！鴖ome用于疑問句時，表示希望得到肯定回答，如果只是詢問信息，可以用any代替some用于疑問句和否定句中。又如：Could you please lend me some money?你能借給我些錢嗎? (希望得到肯定回答)Did you buy her any gifts?你給她買禮物了嗎?(詢問信息)17．1 often keep an English notebook．我經(jīng)常記英語筆記?！鴎eep vt. 記錄(某事)，在某物上做書面記載She kept a diary for over twenty years．她寫日記有20多年了。I have the habit of keeping notes．我有記筆記的習慣。18．I can’t pronounce some of the words．有一些單詞我不會發(fā)音?！鴖ome／many／all／most／none／few…of the + 名詞Most of the students love reading．多數(shù)學生喜歡看書。19．1 make mistakes in grammar．我在語法方面老犯錯誤?！鴐ake a mistake／make mistakes 犯錯誤Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English．當說英語時不要怕犯錯誤。by mistake 錯誤地．Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake?你知道炸薯片是被錯誤發(fā)明的嗎?20．I don’t know how to use commas．我不知道怎樣使用逗號?！司涞馁e語是由疑問詞how加不定式to use commas構(gòu)成的，這是個簡單句，它可以改為一個復合句。例如：I don’t know how I should use commas．I don’t know what to do．＝ I don’L know what I should do．我不知道該做什么。Can you tell mc when to start? = Can you tell me when I should start?你能告訴我何時出發(fā)嗎?21．Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?你為什么不加入一個英語俱樂郝來練習說英語昵?▲Why don’t you do…? = Why not do…? 表示建議，意為“為什么不……?”，又如：Why don’t you／Why not go to school by bike when there’s heavy traffic?當交通很擁堵時，你為什么不騎白行車上學呢?▲join加入某組織成為其中的成員，take part in參加某種活動，attend參加會議，報告，演講等。例如：His father joined the Party in 1976．他爸爸是1976年入的黨。People often take part in sports after work．工作之余人們經(jīng)常參加體育活動。I attended an important meeting yesterday．昨天我參加了一個會。22. l don’t have a partner to practice English with．我沒有同伴一起練習英語?！颂幍牟欢ㄊ絫o practice English with作定語，修飾a partner。又如：The teacher has something to say．老師有話要說。He has no room to live in．他沒有房子住。23．First of all，it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class．起初，對我來說聽懂老師在班里講話都不是件容易的事。▲first of all 最初，首先First of all she just smiled，then she started to laugh．最初她只是笑，后來才放聲大笑。▲It is／was + adj. + for sb to do (句式)對某人來說做某事…… 例如：It is difficult for me to learn physics well.對我來說學好物理很難。It is important to learn English.學英語很重要。24．To begin with，she spoke too quickly，and l could not understand every word.一開始，她說得太快了，我不能聽懂所有的話?！鴗o begin with = to start with 首先，一開始，第一To begin with he had no money，but later he became quite rich．他起初沒錢，可是后來相當富有了?！鴑ot…every + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) = not all + 復數(shù)名詞表示部分否定“并非所有的”又如：You don’t have to remember every word．你沒必要記住所有的字。Not all the students live far away from school．不是所有的學生都住得離學校遠。25．Later on，I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word．后來，我意識到如果有些詞聽不懂沒關(guān)系?！鴏ater on 后來，以后At first things went well，but later on they ran into trouble．起初事情進展地很順利，但后來他們遇到了麻煩。▲realize vt. 意識到，認識到(有一個逐漸認識的過程)，不用于進行時和被動語態(tài)。例如：One day you’ll realize that you are wrong．總有一天你會意識到你錯了?！鴗hat引導的是realize的賓語從句，在賓語從句中又出現(xiàn)了if引導的條件狀語從旬。例如：It doesn’t matter ff you can’t drive a car．如果你不會開車沒關(guān)系。26．Also l was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me。我還害怕在班里發(fā)言，因為我怕同學會嘲笑我?！鴅e afraid of sth／to do／of doing sth 害怕／不敢／恐怕做某事I used to be afraid of the dark．我過去常常怕黑。She’s afraid to go／of going out alone at night．她害怕夜晚獨自出去。▲might 表示可能性He might know her telephone number，but I’m not sure．他可能知道她的電話號碼，但我不確定?！鴏augh at sb 嘲笑It’s bad manners to laugh at people in trouble．嘲笑陷入困境的人不禮貌。27. 1 think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner．我認為做大量的聽力練習是成為一名好的語言學習者的秘訣之一?！鴇oing lots of listening practice 動名詞短語作主語?！鴒ne of the secrets of doing sth 做某事的秘訣之一，要注意one of與復數(shù)名詞搭配。例如：He is one of the students who are good at soccer．他是喜歡足球的學生中的一員。28．Another thing that l found very difficult was English grammar．另一個我發(fā)現(xiàn)很困難的東西是英語語法?！鴗hat引導的是定語從句，修飾another thing，that在定語從句中作found的賓語。又如：Is there anything that I can do for you? = Can I help you? = What can I do for you?我能為你做點什么? (你買什么?)29．Then l started to write my own original sentences using the grammar 1 was learning．然后我用學過的語法造有獨創(chuàng)性的句子?！鴖tart／begin to do sth = start／begin doing sth 開始做某事original sentences 有獨創(chuàng)性的句子，新穎的句子▲1 was leaning為定語從句，修飾grammar，省略了先行詞that。30. It’s amazing how much this helped．真是不可思議了，這樣做很有幫助。▲It's amazing + 從句／to do sth “……真是太驚奇了”。It’s amazing to meet an old friend in a foreign country．在國外遇到老朋友，真是太驚喜了。▲It為形式主語，真正的主語是how much this helped在例句中，真正的主語是不定式to meet an old friend in a foreign country。31．Now I am enjoying learning English and l got an A in this term．現(xiàn)在我很喜歡英語，并在這學期得了個“A”?！⒁猓骸癆”前邊用不定冠詞，選用冠詞時要看字母的發(fā)音，即元音音素開頭的用“an”。例如：There is a “U” and an “R’’ in the word “hour’’.在單詞“hour”里面，有一個“U”和一個“R”。32．She had trouble in making complete sentences．她造完整的句子有困難。▲have trouble in doing sth 做某事有麻煩／困難He had trouble in understanding native speakers．他聽外國人說話有困難。▲make sentences 造句Do you find it hard to make complete sentences?你發(fā)現(xiàn)造完整的句子很困難嗎?