The purpose of an interview is to find out if your goals and the goals of an organization are compatible.Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data.You also develop questions which you will ask to determine how well your career goals match the needs of the organization.These questions include both those you would ask before a job offer and those you would ask after a job offer.
Prior to the interview，acquaint yourself with the laws pertaining to job discrimination.This knowledge will enhance your chances of being considered on an equal standing with other applicants.
To develop confidence，adequately prepare for the interview.Focus on how you can best serve the organization to which you are applying.Then rehearse until the rough edges are smoothed and you sound convincing to those with whom you have practiced.
Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently.The departure stage includes leaving on a positive note，expressing appreciation，expressing interest，leaving promptly，and making notes immediately after departure.
To save time and money and offer convenience to prospective employees and employers，video taping and satellite videophones may become a common method of interviewing.Being at ease in front of a camera would be important for these types of interviews.
Following the interview，write thank-you letters to each person who interviewed you and to those who helped you get the interview.When invited for a second interview，go prepared by using your notes and feedback from the interview to zero in on what the company wants.If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter.You may get turned down.If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.
Following a job offer，take a few days to consider all elements and then call or write a letter either accepting or declining the offer-—whichever is appropriate.If you accept and you are presently employed，write an effective letter of resignation，departing on a positive note.
1.The word“compatible”in the first sentence probably means____.
[A] in agreement [B] in conflict
[C] complementary [D] practicable
2.The writer advises you to familiarize yourself with the laws concerning job discrimination so that ____.
[A] you can show your prospective employer you have a wide range of knowledge
[B] you stand on equal chance of being hired with other applicants to the job
[C] you will refuse to give answers to any questions against the current laws
[D] you know how to behave within the limit of laws at the interview
3.At which stage should you emphasize your qualifications for the job?
[A] The before stage.
[B] The greeting stage.
[C] The consultation stage.
[D] The departure stage.
4.If you are given a second interview，it is most important for you to____.
[A] write a thank-you letter to each person who interviewed you last time
[B] find out exactly what the company wants of you
[C] learn from the last interview and improve yourself
[D] consider all the elements that are important for the job
5.The passage is mainly concerned with____.
[A] how to manage an interview
[B] how to apply for a job vacancy
[C] how an applicant should behave during an interview
[D] how to make your private goal compatible with those of an organization
參考答案：
1.[A]
該詞意為：相容的，相一致的。
2.[B] 意為：你與其他申請者具有同等被雇傭的機會。
參閱第二段。
3.[C]
根據第四段第四句，商洽階段包括反應能力、熱情，知道什么時候陳述關鍵信息，要表現得誠懇，強調自己的優(yōu)點，注意傾聽。
4.[B]
根據第六段，如果獲得第二次面試的機會，你應該利用第一次面試時的筆記和反饋信息，集中找出公司需要什么(即：需要什么樣的人)。
5.[A] 意為：如何安排好一次面試。
文章的前三段提到了如何準備面試，第四、五段提到了面試期間應該如何做，最后幾段提到了面試后 (以及被錄用后)應該怎么辦。全文主要是對參加面試的人提出建議。At the end of last week， Bodega Aurrerá， a Mexican subsidiary of the world's biggest retailer， Wal-Mart， opened a new store in the village of San Juan Teotihuacán， just north of Mexico City. Normally， such an event would cause little stir. Wal-Mart is already Mexico's biggest retailer too. And its shops seem to go down very well with its millions of bargain-hungry customers. But this particular opening was， in fact， the culmination of months of protests， legal actions， hunger strikes and hyperbole by those determined to stop it.
The reason is the location. Just 2.5km (1.6 miles) away is the ancient city of Teotihuacán， probably Mexico's most famous archaeological site. Amongst other attractions， it boasts the third-largest (by volume) pyramid in the world. For many Mexicans， the ancient site， abandoned by its mysterious inhabitants centuries before the Spanish conquerors arrived， remains the ultimate symbol of Mexican identity and nationhood. Thousands troop up to the top of the Pyramid of the Sun to celebrate the summer solstice.
To them， the idea of having a Wal-Mart next door is abhorrent. In the words of Homero Aridjis， a writer and one of the leading opponents， “it is like driving the stake of globalisation into the heart of old Mexico.” The controversy is only the latest in a string of protesters' attempts to save Mexican culture from what they see as a creeping menace. They won a famous victory by blocking a McDonalds restaurant from opening in the main square of the pretty southern colonial town of Oaxaca.
But this time they were on much thinner ground. For a start， Wal-Mart went through all the appropriate regulatory hoops， even getting permission from the Paris-based International Council on Monuments and Sites， which judged that the store would cause no harm to the nearby ruins. A small stone platform was indeed found during construction of the new car park， but was preserved.
Just as importantly， the claim that the new store spoils the famous view from the top of the Pyramid of the Sun is clearly bogus， as anyone who cares to get to the top can testify. The problem is not so much that you can see the Wal-Mart， but one of trying to distinguish it from the 30-odd other ugly， squat buildings that litter the surrounding countryside——to say nothing of the car parks， the electricity pylons and the large power station. Sadly， unrestricted building long ago ruined this particular view， as well as many others in Mexico.
To the diehards， the issue counts more than the view. But neither mattered much to the hundreds of locals who queued up for the opening， delighted to be freed of the small and expensive local shops. Despite a legal case pending against Wal-Mart and local officials， brought by an irate local left-wing politician， this is one battle that the American retailer has probably won.
注(1)：本文選自Economist; 11/13/2004， p42;
注(2)：本文習題命題模仿對象2001年真題Text 4(其中因2001年真題Text 4只有四個題目，所以本文第4題模仿參照對象為2003年Text 1的第四題);
1. Why the opening of Wal-Mart caused stir?
[A]Wal-Mart would have severe competition with the local stores.
[B]War-Mart would provide them with a larger choice and more benefits.
[C]It was said to have ruined the scene of the ancient site.
[D]There shouldn‘t be a store near the ancient site.
2. From Paragraph 2 we can infer that _________.
[A]the ancient city means a lot to the Mexicans
[B]a store will be too noisy for the ancient city
[C]the ancient city is very mysterious
[D]the pyramid is a good place for holding big ceremony
3. According to Wal-Mart， it has a good reason to build store there because _______.
[A]it proves no harm to the nearby ruins
[B]the scene of the ancient sites has been damaged
[C]customers want to buy some cheap products
[D]it has been widely accepted by the customers there.
4. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that _________.
[A]the famous view is not as good as it used to be
[B]the city lacks planning in building
[C]the ancient site is littered with ugly buildings
[D]Wal-Mart shouldn‘t be fully responsible for the ruined view.
5. Toward the fate of Wal-Mart， the writer‘s attitude can be said to be _________.
[A]objective
[B]optimistic
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased
答案：CADDBThere is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns.It is sometimes placed among“situations vacant”，although it does not offer anyone a job，and sometimes it appears among“situation wanted”，although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either.What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
“Contact us before writing your application” or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed.The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is，of course，a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history)，with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application.“Just put down your name，address，age and whether you have passed any exams” was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school.The letter was really just for openers，it was explained，everything else could and should be saved for the interview.And in those days of full employment the technique worked.The letter proved that you could write and were available for work.Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later，as you moved up the ladder，something slightly more sophisticated was called for.The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.It might be the aggressive approach.“Your search is over.I am the person you are looking for”was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded.Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.
There is no doubt，however，that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
1.The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns____.
[A] informs job hunters of the opportunities available
[B] promises useful advice to those looking for employment
[C] divides available jobs into various types
[D] informs employers of people available for work
2.Nowadays a demand for this specialised type of service has been created because____.
[A] there is a lack of jobs available for university graduates
[B] there are so many top-level jobs available
[C] great importance is attached to written application
[D] jobs are becoming so varied that one needs advice to choose the right one
3.In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would____.
[A] write an initial letter giving their life history
[B] pass some exams before applying for a job
[C] have no qualifications other than being able to read and write
[D] keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
4.The job history has become such an important document because____.
[A] there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised
[B] there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
[C] jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays
[D] other supporting experiences for jobs are no longer required
5.What does the author think of the new advertisement?
[A] Necessary. [B] Fashionable.
[C] Superficial. [D] Aggressive.
參考答案：
1.[B] 文中所提到的新型廣告不是招聘廣告(it does not offer anyone a job)，也不是求職廣告(it is not placed by someone looking for a job either)。它旨在幫助申請工作的人寫好履歷(curriculum vitae)，為獲得工作做好充分準備。參閱第一段和第二段第二句。 .
2.[C] 第二段第二、三句談到了新型廣告興起的兩個原因：1)它反映了目前的高失業(yè)率狀況;2)它表明寫好履歷越來越重要。第三段第三、四句又指出，過去，申請信只不過是個開端，重要的是面試。在充分就業(yè)的那些日子，這種技巧是奏效的，這封信證明你有寫作能力，且你已經為接受這份工作做好了準備，而你渴望的表情和機智的應答為你做了其余的事。
3.[D] 參閱第2題題解，另請參閱第三段。
4.[B] 文章最后一段指出，目前，工作申請者大都是受過各種各樣的大學教育的人，顯然，這解釋了為什么寫好履歷尤其重要。由于多數人都受過大學教育，大家旗鼓相當，這時，寫好履歷，突出自己的獨特之處，以達到鶴立雞群之效果尤其重要。
5.[A] 參閱其他題題解。重點參閱文章最后一段。Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they‘re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ’It‘s iniquitous，’ they say， ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all， it‘s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He‘d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine， it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance， price， etc.， from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements， but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are， too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful， witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
We must not forget， either， that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers， commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper， or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn‘t forget is the ’small ads.‘ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance， you can find a job， buy or sell a house， announce a birth， marriage or death in what used to be called the ’hatch， match and dispatch‘ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ’agony‘ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
1.What is main idea of this passage?
A. Advertisement.
B. The benefits of advertisement.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. The costs of advertisement.
2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is
A. appreciative.
B. trustworthy.
C. critical.
D. dissatisfactory.
3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers?
A. Because advertisers often brag.
B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”。
C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D. Because customers pay more.
4.Which of the following is Not True?
A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B. We can buy what we want.
C. Good quality products don‘t need to be advertised.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
5.The passage is
A. Narration.
B. Description.
C. Criticism.
D. Argumentation.
Vocabulary
1.come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的對象，吸引(某事物)，獲得
2.flair 天資，天分
3.iniquitous 極邪惡的，極不公正的
4.drab 單調的，乏味的
5.subsist 活下去，生存下去，維持下去
6.hatch 孵化(指生孩子)
7.match 匹配，婚姻
8.dispatch 派遣，發(fā)送
9.agony 極大痛苦，煎熬
10.agony column (報刊中關于個人疑難問題征詢意見的)讀者來信專欄
難句譯注
1.Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they‘re always coming in for criticism.
【參考譯文】廣告商總是雄心勃勃(想得很大)，也許這就是為什么他們老挨批評。
2.Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion.
【參考譯文】他們的批評者似乎對他們很氣憤，因為他們在自我抬高/標榜上很有天分。
3.No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature.
【參考譯文】報紙任何其他欄目都難以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供對人性的內涵如此深刻的洞察。
4.It‘s the best advertisement for advertising there is.
【參考譯文】這是廣告中的廣告。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章以因果、對比的手法寫出有沒有廣告的后果及廣告的真正作用。文章首先指出廣告商遭批評的原因：廣告商夸大和人們認為廣告浪費錢財、商品價格就搞;然后作者以有無廣告的后果突出其功能，沒有廣告，商品價更高，生活單調、乏味。有了廣告，商品價低，生活豐富多彩，人們獲取各種信息。
答案詳解
1.C. 廣告對社會的服務很有用。作者從三方面來敘述廣告作用：第二段點出如果廣告不為產品開辟廣大的市場，我們就得付出很多錢，正是因為大量的廣告費用，消費者的商品才會那么便宜。廣告除銷售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告訴信息，有關家用商品的許多只是來自廣告，還有新產品的介紹。
第三段講了美化環(huán)境功能。如果火車站的墻上和報上沒有廣告，那會怎么樣。一幅悅人心目，機智的廣告將改變一切。
第四段講了它為我們省錢：別忘了廣告對我們口袋作出積極的貢獻。報紙、電臺、電視臺公司沒有這筆收入很難生存。我們的報紙，我們付給很少，或者說，我們能享受那么多的節(jié)目完全是因為廣告商花的錢。如果要我們付報紙的全價，那我們要花多少錢!
最后一段講了各種專欄的功能。人們可以在這些欄目找工作、買賣房子、宣布婚喪嫁娶信息。這些都圍著一個中心：廣告對社會服務的有用性。
A. 廣告。太籠統。B. 廣告之優(yōu)點。文章不是講優(yōu)點，而是講服務于社會的功能。D. 廣告費用。
2.A. 欣賞/贊賞。從上述注釋也可推知是A項。最重要的，作者提出種種功能，是為了反駁第一段內提到的論點：完全是非生產企業(yè)每年吸收幾百萬鎊，這說明這些大公司利潤有多高。最重要的是消費者付的廣告費等。反駁更說明了A項對。
B. 值得信任。 C. 批評。 D. 不滿意。
3.A. 因為廣告商常常愛吹，見難句譯注1.
B. 因為批評者認為廣告浪費錢。 C. 因為廣告促使消費者購買不必要的東西。 D. 因為消費者支付更多。
4.C. 優(yōu)質產品不需要廣告。一切產品都需要廣告，新產品、老產品都需要。
A. 廣告對我們的口袋作出貢獻。 B. 我們可以買到我們所需的。 D. 廣告使我們生活豐富多彩。這三條都提到也是真實的。
5.C. 文章一開始就提到對廣告的批評，然后作者以對比的手法說明其功能。
A. 敘事。B. 描寫。 D. 議論。It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men， neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports， they closed their eyes and began to meditate， consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level， we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.‘ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ’With the mind relaxed and open， it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ‘ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures， he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Hadisiko’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers， Yusuf Soemado， who studied business administration at Harvard University， compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics， Carnegie’s think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation，‘ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage， the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1.file into 魚貫而入，排隊進去
2.Jakarta 雅加達
3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4.Java 爪哇
5.Javanese 爪哇的
6.mysticism 神秘主義
7.boost 促進，增加，提高
8.devout 虔誠的，熱誠的
9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
10.legend 傳說，神話
11.fasting 禁食，齋戒
12.hold onto 抓緊，保住
13.personnel management system 人事管理制度
14.perspective investment 遠景投資
15.venture(商業(yè))投機，風險
16.sharpen 使……敏銳/尖銳，磨尖
17.business slide 買賣/企業(yè)滑坡，下滑
18.turn around (生意)好轉，轉變
19.subconscious 下意識的，潛意識的
20.cybernetics 控制論
21.Carnegie 卡耐基
22.tap 開拓，選擇
難句譯注
1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
【參考譯文】在印尼神秘主義似乎涉及到印尼生活的各個方面，商業(yè)也不例外。
2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
【參考譯文】這些虔誠的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他們的祈求呼吁跟爪哇當地的神秘主義相結合。他們通過這一途徑積極熱情地拓展商業(yè)買賣和宗教信仰。
3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
【參考譯文】恰當的工作崗位使用合適的人選，對企業(yè)決策具有信心使形式好轉的關鍵。它給你帶來拓展和利潤。(或任人唯賢，指揮若定使扭虧增盈，大展宏圖的關鍵。)
4.Search for the inner self.
【參考譯文】探索內心的自我。
5.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics， Carnegie‘s think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
【參考譯文】類似心理控制論、卡耐基思想、增長率、或者積極思考能力等觀點是西方開拓高智能的辦法，而我們是通過沉思冥想來和高智能聯系的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇新聞報導，講述印度尼西亞商人如何經營公司。主要采用一般到具體寫作手法。一開始就點明他們以獨特的方式――不看文件，不聽匯報，而是閉上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精靈請示來經營。這種神秘主義幾乎涉及印尼生活的各個領域，商業(yè)也不例外。后面每段都圍繞這一主題而寫。第二段寫來源。第三段，應用于商業(yè)方面的具體例子，第四段，和西方管理方法對比。
答案詳解
1.C 沉思。這在第一斷已有說明。
A. 神秘主義。是個總的概念，籠罩生活各方面。而不是具體的做法和重要因素。 B. 宗教。 D. 投資。
2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精靈。答案在第一段。
B. Wali Ullah是指印度穆斯林商人。這些虔誠的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成為接近主的人。傳說神話也把先知的力量歸功于Wali Ullah.C. 老帝王。D. 卡耐基，1835-1919是生于蘇格蘭的美國鋼鐵工業(yè)家和慈善家。他有一套管理企業(yè)的辦法，稱為卡耐基思想(管理法)。
3.B 他們也重視資歷、才能。這在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko講話清楚說明“如果我們要雇傭管理人員，我們就一起沉思，常常會有這種信息來臨：這個人不能管理錢財或者他不可靠。也可能神靈告訴我們應當雇傭他。接著他匆忙補充說他的公司也采用現代人事管理系統，即要考慮雇傭的人員最根本的條件仍是正式資歷”。
A. 他認為神秘主義不像想象中那么好。C. 表明他們雇傭人才。上下文說明，他所以補充是說明他們也重視資格。D. 表明科學管理和宗教結合的可能性。Hadisike語中沒有這種意思。但不能說他們雇傭人才不管宗教。
4.B 得到冷靜頭腦來決策。這在第三段后半部分講到?！斑h景的投資也是通過神秘的沉思加以考慮。有著放松和開放的頭腦，易于客觀地判斷新投資的風險。沉思和過去領袖的接觸會是你的洞察力和感官變得敏銳?！钡谝欢蔚谖逍小捌渲幸晃怀了颊哒f每星期的沉思會主要目標是帶來一個平靜的頭腦，作出好決策?！?/p>
A. 從上帝那里得到利潤。 C. 取得先知。不對，先知的能力歸于Wali Ullah.D. 得到客觀的結論。文內只提到，頭腦放松容易客觀地判斷投資風險與否，并不是客觀的結論。
5.B 沒有沉思和齋戒的常規(guī)作生意。見第三段中，神秘的沉思幫助扭轉公司生意滑坡而正常買賣步驟，這一年就損失了300萬美元。這兩句對比的話說明B項內容。
A. 采用西方買賣方式(交易方式)。文內沒有點明正常就是西方方式。C. 和上帝接觸。D. 知人善任。President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits， research grants， education reforms， and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the President‘s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Republicans， however， decry even the modest， graduated tax increases in the President‘s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy， let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances， then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this， no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest， that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President‘s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed， it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now， we may not get a second chance.
1.The focus of the President‘s program is on
[A] investment.
[B] economy.
[C] technology.
[D] tax.
2.What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A] They want a more direct action.
[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C] They want to rebuild industry.
[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3.What is the editor‘s attitude?
[A] support.
[B] distaste.
[C] Disapproval.
[D] Compromise.
4.The danger to the plan lies in
[A] the two parties‘ objection.
[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C] its passage.
[D] distortion.
5.The passage is
[A] a review.
[B] a preface.
[C] a advertisement.
[D] an editorial.
Vocabulary
1.reverse 逆轉
2.slide 滑坡
3.plague 瘟疫;折磨，困擾
4.tariff 關稅
5.decry 譴責，詆毀
6.lever 杠桿;用杠桿撬動
7.crux 癥結
8.ideologue 空想家，思想家
9.intact 原封不動的，完整無損的
10.investment credit 投資信貸
11.research grant 研究基金
難句譯注
1.This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
【參考譯文】這對扭轉經濟滑坡;滑到失業(yè)高，增長少和已經困擾經濟達6年之久貿易赤字來說是必要的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一則有關總統向國會提交的經濟計劃評論。作者采用對比手法來突出其計劃之正確性，第一段就講了計劃的涉及面：投資、研究、教育、稅收等，目的是制止經濟滑坡，提高美國工業(yè)競爭力。
第二、三兩段敘述了計劃遭兩方面的反對，總統黨內的右翼要求更強硬，更直接的行動，而共和黨對即使逐漸稍稍提高一點稅收都予以譴責。
第四段提出兩者都忽略我們面臨經濟問題的獨特性質。它不是市場或財政問題。掌握新技術的人大量增產，而不能采用新技術的人面臨在世界經濟中成為二等公民的危險。工業(yè)不能達到先進水平，就不能有效地競爭，那么任何保護主義或進入外國市場都不能長期奏效。沒有技術優(yōu)勢的經驗和利潤的再投資，工業(yè)經濟只能依然落后于外國競爭對手。
最后一段點出總統計劃的要點就是工藝技術。作者提出：要求全面通過這一重新建設計劃。如果我們不能重建經濟，我們可能不會有第二次機會。
答案詳解
2.C 工藝技術。最后一段第一句“問題的癥結就在于工藝技術，這就是總統計劃的要點所在?！钡谒亩危骸皩φ莆招录夹g的人來說，新技術使他們大大增產，而新技術對不能掌握它的人來說，在世界經濟中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險。如果不能做到這一點，那么任何政府保護主義，進入國際市場都不能有效地競爭。如果不能有技術優(yōu)勢的利潤和經驗再投資，工業(yè)只能進一步落后于國外競爭對手?！边@些都說明總統計劃的重點再工藝技術。
A.投資。D.稅收。只是總統計劃的涉及面。B.經濟。太籠統了。
3.A 更直接行動。第二段“總統的黨內幾段自由翼要求更強硬、更直接行動。他們要求用收入(稅收)政策來制止通貨膨脹;聯邦財政在關稅保護下，幫助重建工業(yè)?！?/p>
B.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業(yè)。D.保護關稅墻。都只是他們要求中的不分內容，不完整。
4.A支持。第四、五段集中了評論者的觀點，支持的理由和論點。
B.厭惡。C.不贊成。D.調和妥協。
5.D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危險不在于計劃將不被通過，而在于左和右的思想理論家們用修正案來歪曲提案，使計劃要點蒙塵模糊不清，經濟重建計劃應原封不動地通過。”這是作者的態(tài)度，也是他所擔心之處。
A.兩黨的反對。B.兩黨對計劃的不同看法。C.它的通過。
6.D 社論。
A.評論。社論也是評論的一種，但它是報紙主編所撰，常常是有關國內外大事評論。B.前言。C.廣告。The main idea of these business schools is appealing.In a world where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition，it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder.Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas.How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer them protection and promotion?
Many bosses would love to have an answer.Sumantra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they have one：“Employability”。If managers offer the right kinds of training and guidance，and change their attitude towards their underlings，they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good job—even if it is with a different company.
Unfortunately，they promise more than they deliver.Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should achieve are hard to quarrel with：encourage people to be creative，make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the most of them，keep the organization from getting stale and so forth.The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment.At its nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers，and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine.
The authors offer a few inspiring examples of companies——they include Motorola， 3M and ABB—that have managed to go some way towards creating such organizations.But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it，and leave the biggest questions unanswered.How do you continuously train people，without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value，and not simply on those they enjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous，and when they are not they are unconvincing.
1. We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee .
[A]had job security and opportunity of promotion
[B]had to compete with each other to keep his job
[C]had to undergo training all the time
[D]had no difficulty climbing the corporate ladder
2. According to Christopher Bartlett what will improve“employability”?
[A] Ability to lay out one‘s talents to employers.
[B]Skills and knowledge accumulated from school education.
[C] Training opportunity and guidance offered by company.
[D]Being creative and ready to share collective wisdom.
3. What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?
[A] Very instructive. [B] Very inspiring.
[C] Hard to implement. [D] Quite harsh.
4. In their work，Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss .
[A]changes in business organizations [B]contracts between employers and employees
[C]employment situation [D]management ideas
5.This passage seems to be a(n) .
[A]book review [B]advertisement
[C]news report [D]research paper
閱讀小幫手
核心詞匯
appealing adj.吸引人的 sparkle v.(使)閃耀 reassure vt.使恢復信心
stale adj.陳腐的 implicit adj.暗示的。盲從的 inspiring adj.鼓舞的
divert v.轉移 profitable adj.有利可圖的
文章翻譯
這些商業(yè)學校的想法非常具有吸引力。在這里所有公司都必須適應新技術與競爭環(huán)境，為優(yōu)秀雇員提供工作保障以及晉升的機會比以前更困難了。然而，對于雇員來講，擁有更好的技能以及充滿睿智的思想火花也比以前更有必要了。如果公司不再能夠為雇員提供保障和晉升，他們如何使雇員充分發(fā)揮才能呢?
很多老板都希望有自己的答案。倫敦商學院的蘇曼特拉。戈沙爾和哈佛商學院的克里斯托弗。巴特利特認為他們自己的答案是“可雇傭性”。如果經理提供正確的培訓及指導，并且改變他們對下屬的態(tài)度，他們將能使自己的雇員充滿信心并且認為自己總是有技能、有經驗、可以找到一份好工作——即使是在不同的公司。
令人遺憾的是，這些老板所做的承諾遠遠超出他們實際所能做到的。在有關一個完美的組織所能獲得的成就上，如鼓勵人們具有創(chuàng)造性、與公司同甘共苦、避免公司疲塌并向前發(fā)展等方面，他們無可非議。但他們在展示公司是如何創(chuàng)造出這樣一種環(huán)境之時卻令人非常失望。問題的中心在于這樣一種觀念：即他們認為改變與工人的合同并將其看作價值的源泉而非機器中的齒輪，來達到公司的目的。
作者提供了一些鼓舞人心的公司案例(包括摩托羅拉、3M和ABB)，這些公司都成功地創(chuàng)造出了這樣的組織機構。但是他們很少提供有關如何運作組織的有益指導，這個最復雜的問題一直沒人來回答。如何在不分散雇員對工作注意力的情況下不斷地對他們加以培訓，以使公司所獲利潤更大?如何將雇員培訓為一個在任何地方都是優(yōu)秀的人而又激勵他們?yōu)槟愕墓拘Я?如何使思想解放的雇員將他們的時間花費在能夠創(chuàng)造價值的想法上而不是他們所喜愛的一些念頭上?這些問題的大多數答案都是老生常談，不是老生常談的也不具有說服力。
答案辨析
1.A推斷題。由題干關鍵詞in the past和employee定位文章第一段的it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employee job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder可看出，過去一名優(yōu)秀的職員很容易獲得工作保障和晉升機會，結合選項可知，A正確。且由該句話可知在過去工作上的競爭并不算殘酷，因此排除B(必須和別人競爭);文中并未談到過去有什么培訓，故排除C(必須總是接受培訓);D(在公司獲得晉升毫無不費力)過于絕對。
2.C細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞Christopher Bartlett和employability定位文章第二段。該段中
employability后的內容即是對此詞的解釋：經理們提供正確的培訓及指導，并且能夠改變對下屬的態(tài)度，就能使雇員總是有技能、有經驗，從而可以找到一份好工作。結合選項可知，C正確。
3.C態(tài)度題。題干問作者對Ghoshal and Bartlett的觀點有何看法。從第三段的Unfortunately，they promise more than they deliver…(令人遺憾的是，他們所做的承諾遠遠超出他們實際所能做到的)以及下文提到的The real disappointment comes…可以看出，作者對Ghoshal和Bartlett的觀點不以為然，認為這兩個人許諾的比實際提供的要多，可見作者認為他們的觀點不切實際，故選C.
4.D推斷題。文中提到，Ghoshal和Bartlett不僅討論了企業(yè)的組織形式，還討論了企業(yè)應該提供給員工一個創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境，以及對企業(yè)員工進行培訓和管理，最后達到企業(yè)發(fā)展的目的。因此用“企業(yè)管理”來概括他們的觀念最為合適，選項中A過于片面，B只是簡單提到，C過于寬泛，只有D最符合題意。
5.A推斷題。判斷此題的關鍵在最后一段，由該段首句The author offers a few example of companies…but they offer little useful guidance…中的關鍵詞the author可推知，本文屬于書評，故應選A.
