Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonald’s announced in 1999 that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didn’t meet its guidelines for care of chickens. Those guidelines included limiting the 1 of birds that could be kept in one 2 and prohibiting beak removal, 3 trimming just the tips.
Once McDonald’s had 4 the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the company’s suppliers, many other giants of the fast-food industry rapidly followed 5 , including Burger King, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Wendy’s, A and W and KFC. Now, the American Meat Institute has 6 welfare guidelines and audit 7 for cattle, pigs, and chickens. And the European Union, representing our foreign customers, is also 8 in with, among other things, legislation banning. 9 use of crates to house pregnant sows, 10 in 2013.
Questions about animal care 11 with the explosive growth in large-scale livestock farms, 12 spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as “factory parts”. That spurred ARS and the livestock industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal 13 issues, making sure that guidelines are based on facts 14 through scientific research. The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its 15 guidelines.
Ten years ago, to 16 these concerns, ARS started a research program on livestock behavior and stress. The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whether modern farming practices were 17 stressing animals. And if so, could scientific methods be developed to measure this stress so that 18 could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively?
A decade later, the 19 answer is “yes” to both questions, Many had expected the answer to be “no” on both counts, but science works independently 20 people’s opinions.
1. A. amountB. number C. figureD. sum
2. A. cageB. caveC. caseD. cart
3. A. but forB. except forC. aside fromD. away from
4. A. pavedB. changedC. ledD. opened
5. A. suitB. stepC. setD. super
6. A. adaptedB. adopted C. approvedD. accepted
7. A. bookletsB. pamphletsC. brochuresD. checklists
8. A. measuringB. weighingC. consideringD. thinking
9. A. prolongedB. proceededC. programmedD. progressed
10. A. efficientB. effectiveC. effusiveD. elective
11. A. raisedB. roseC. aroseD. pose
12. A. who B. whatC. whichD. how
13. A. health B. lifeC. wealthD welfare
14. A. decidedB. determinedC. provedD. tested
15. A. voluntaryB. revolutionaryC. preliminaryD. necessary
16. A. expressB. addressC. suppress D. compress
17. A. unduly B. unequallyC. unfortunatelyD. unfavorably
18. A. performancesB. programsC. problems D. practices
19. A. sequentialB. initialC. essentialD. financial
20. A. ofB. onC. byD. with
1.【答案】B
【解析】amount指不可數(shù)名詞的“數(shù)量”,number指可數(shù)名詞的“數(shù)目”,figure指一個(gè)“數(shù)字”,sum多指錢的“數(shù)量”。這里指家禽數(shù)目,是可數(shù)名詞,因此答案是B。
2.【答案】A
【解析】cage意為“籠子”,是和文中的bird搭配恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,cave“洞穴”,case“箱子”和cart“人力車”都不可和bird搭配使句意通暢,所以選A。
3.【答案】B
【解析】but for是“若非,要不是”,except for是“除了,只是”,aside from是“除…以外”,away from是“離開”。原文的意思是供應(yīng)商除了可以對(duì)鳥喙尖部稍加修剪外禁止去掉鳥喙。只有except for符合句子意思,因此B是正確答案。
4.【答案】C
【解析】pave the way是“為…作準(zhǔn)備”,change the way是“改變…方式、方法”,lead the way是“為…之先,首先倡導(dǎo)”,open則不能和the way搭配。根據(jù)上下文可知麥當(dāng)勞公司在家禽飼養(yǎng)方面率先作出明確規(guī)定,其后諸多快餐巨頭紛紛效仿,因此答案是C。
5.【答案】A
【解析】“效仿,模仿”在英語里的固定短語是follow suit,所以選A。
6.【答案】B
【解析】adapt是“適應(yīng)”,adopt是“采納”,approve是“同意”,accept是“接受,同意”。首先排除adpat,而approve和accept意思相近,屬于干擾選項(xiàng),所以答案是B。提醒大家準(zhǔn)確記憶adapt和adopt的拼寫及用法,這兩個(gè)詞在詞匯測試方面的出現(xiàn)頻率相當(dāng)高。
7.【答案】D
【解析】本題我們可以采用排除法。A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是“小冊(cè)子”的意思,不能同時(shí)成為正確答案,只能選D,checklist的意思是“(核對(duì)用的)一覽表(尤指完整的清單)”。
8.【答案】B
【解析】weigh in with是固定短語,意為“(在討論等中)有把握地提出”。Consider,think和measure都不能和in with搭配,所以答案是B。
9.【答案】A
【解析】這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)相似之處在于它們有相同詞頭“pro”。prolong的意思是“拖延,延長”,proceed的意思是“進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)”,program為“設(shè)計(jì),規(guī)劃”之意,而progress則為“進(jìn)步,發(fā)展”之意。只有prolong的過去分詞能修飾use,因此只能選擇A。
10.【答案】B
【解析】C,D選項(xiàng)易排除,effusive為“感情橫溢的,流出的”,elective意思是“有選舉權(quán)的,被選任的,可選修的”。A、B選項(xiàng)也是考試高頻詞匯,它們不僅拼寫相似,意思也有相近之處,effective意思是“生效的,有效的”,而efficient是“效率高的,能干的,有效的”之意,法律條文的生效一般用effective,所以選B。
11.【答案】C
【解析】本句主干是“Questions+待選謂語動(dòng)詞”,意思是伴隨著大規(guī)模家畜飼養(yǎng)場的發(fā)展出現(xiàn)了許多問題。我們先排除raised和posed,因?yàn)樗鼈兣cquestion搭配時(shí)都作及物動(dòng)詞。rise為“升起,增長”之意,arise的意思是“出現(xiàn),發(fā)生”,只有arise能作不及物動(dòng)詞和question搭配,因此C為正確答案。
12.【答案】C
【解析】解這道題時(shí),首先要理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。逗號(hào)后面的句子應(yīng)為非限制性定語從句,修飾前面整句話,待選詞應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞,據(jù)此可排除what和how,又因?yàn)檫@個(gè)定語從句修飾的不是人,who也被排除。正確答案只能為C.
13.【答案】D
【解析】health是“健康”,life是“生命,生存”,wealth是“財(cái)富”,welfare是“福利”。從上文可以看出,本文討論的是針對(duì)動(dòng)物的福利提出的一些飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的規(guī)定,因此D是正確答案。
14.【答案】B
【解析】decide是“決定,使下決心”,determine是“決定,確定,測定”,prove是“證明,證實(shí)”,test是“試驗(yàn),測驗(yàn)”。要填的過去分詞修飾的是fact,最合適的選項(xiàng)是determined,因此答案是B。
15.【答案】A
【解析】voluntary意思是“自發(fā)的,自愿的”,revolutionary為“革命的”,而preliminary為“預(yù)備的,初步的”,necessary則為“必須的,必需的”。從上文可以看出,這些guidelines(指導(dǎo)原則)是由家畜飼養(yǎng)行業(yè)自發(fā)制定的,而與食品零售行業(yè)和其他行業(yè)共享研究結(jié)果的目的是完善這些指導(dǎo)原則,因此A為正確答案。
16.【答案】B
【解析】express是“表達(dá),表示”,address是“對(duì)付,處理”,suppress是“壓制,鎮(zhèn)壓”,compress是“壓縮,鎮(zhèn)壓”。express和address能和concerns搭配,但這句話的主語是ARS,不定式短語表示目的,即ARS開始實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的,顯然address更合適,所以選B。
17.【答案】A
【解析】大家可用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)對(duì)詞義進(jìn)行推測,duly為“適當(dāng)?shù)亍?,那么unduly應(yīng)為“不適當(dāng)?shù)兀^分地”之意,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)也可依此類推。根據(jù)句子意思判斷,A為正確答案。原句意思是科學(xué)家想通過研究來驗(yàn)證現(xiàn)代的飼養(yǎng)方式是否對(duì)家畜形成過大的壓力。
18.【答案】D
【解析】 performance是“表演,表現(xiàn)”,program是“規(guī)劃,程序”,problem是“問題”,practice是“實(shí)踐,行為,做法”。除了區(qū)別四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思之外,細(xì)心的同學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)上句話中practice已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。從上下文中尋找正確答案是做完形填空題非常行之有效的技巧。D是正確答案。
19.【答案】B
【解析】sequential是“連續(xù)的”,initial是“最初的”,essential是“必不可少的”,financial是“金融的”。空格后搭配的是answer,A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以排除,因此選擇B。
20.【答案】A
【解析】 be independent of是固定短語,意為“不依賴于…”,原句意思是科學(xué)不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移,也就是說科學(xué)不依賴于人為因素。正確答案為A。