人們很難接受與已有知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)相左的信息或觀念，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人已有的知識(shí)和觀念都是經(jīng)過反復(fù)篩選的。下面小編給大家分享一些高中必修五英語知識(shí)，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
高中必修五英語知識(shí)1
Unit 1:
1. put forward: 提出(計(jì)劃、建議等);將…提前;把鐘表撥快
e.g. He put forward a good plan for thisproject. 他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一個(gè)好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半舉行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把鐘表撥快十分鐘。
【詞語聯(lián)想】
? put away: 收起來;貯存，儲(chǔ)蓄
? put down: 放下;寫下，記下
? put off: 推遲;延期
? put on: 穿上;增加;上演(戲劇)e.g.put on weight: 增加了體重put on a new play: 上演新戲劇
? put up: 張貼;撐開(帳篷)e.g.put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帳篷
2. conclude: v. 作結(jié)論，斷定(conclusion:n. 結(jié)論)
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪。
【習(xí)慣用語】★draw a conclusion 作出結(jié)論
3. defeat vt.打敗, 擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝;使(希望, 計(jì)劃等)失敗, 挫敗; 阻撓, 使無效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最終承認(rèn)了失敗。
◆區(qū)別: defeat, conquer,overcome
? defeat 指“贏得勝利”, 尤其指“軍事上的勝利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打敗敵人。
? conquer指“征服”、”戰(zhàn)勝”,特別指“獲得對(duì)人、物或感情的控制”,e.g. conquer nature
? overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝”、“壓倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties
4. attend: v.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting,conference, lecture...) 出席;參加
e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himsel
f. 他決定親自赴會(huì)。
2) to look after, care for, serve 照顧;看護(hù)。3
e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你?
3)to go with 伴隨
e.g. The work was attended with muchdifficulty. 這項(xiàng)工作帶來許多困難。
5. expose...to...
e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun fortoo long.
They had to be exposed to the enemy'sgunfire.
6. blame sb. for sth.因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人
e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake.
★be to blame: 應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任
Who is to blame for the mistake?這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰?
7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相當(dāng)于besides, what's more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition.
In addition to English, he has to study asecond language.
◆區(qū)別: in addition to,except, besides,beside
? in addition to：除…之外，還有…，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
e.g. The company provided the workers withfree lunch in addition to paid holidays. 這家公司為員工們提供帶薪假期，還有免費(fèi)午餐。
? except: 除…之外，表示在整體中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了請(qǐng)柬.
? besides 表示“除了……以外，還有……”，與in addition to 同義，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to seethe film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我們都同意, 他也同意。
? beside : 在…旁邊。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁邊。
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
1)He speaks French aswell as English.
e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besidesEnglish.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a badjob.
e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, it’snot a bad job.
8. announce: 公布;宣告
e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的決定。
9. absorb v.
1) 吸收A sponge absorbswater. 海綿吸水。
2)專心于
★be absorbed in sth: 專心的，全神貫注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading atale. 這個(gè)小姑娘正在全神貫注的閱讀一篇故事。10. challenge n.挑戰(zhàn); 挑戰(zhàn)書; 邀請(qǐng)比賽; 要求決斗
vt. 向...挑戰(zhàn), 要求, 懷疑; vi. 挑戰(zhàn), 對(duì)(證據(jù)等)表示異議
e.g. meet the serious challenge 面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)
高中必修五英語知識(shí)2
Unit 2:
1. consist of =be made up of 由……組成(沒有進(jìn)行時(shí))
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 區(qū)別:
? separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來)
? divide...into 把…分開(把整體分為若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into twogroups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan fromFujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal forthree days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )becomeclear or easier to understand 澄清;闡明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify thesituation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joinedto 連接
【習(xí)慣用語】★link A to B 將A和B連接起來
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do youthink he was referring to us?
2) 參考;查閱;詢問
e.g. If you don't understand a word you mayrefer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the bookfor answers.
3) 關(guān)系到;關(guān)乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all ofyou.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 參考 e.g.reference books 參考書
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名詞”表“令某人……”
常見的名詞有“delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that thegoods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached thehouse at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +賓語+賓補(bǔ)( adj; adv;v-ing; pp; 介詞短語;不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if heis found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bushfire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed andthen I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this verybusy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break awayfrom bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (會(huì)談)破裂，失敗;(汽車等)出故障;(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure ofwork.
He broke down and wept when he heard thenews.
Talks between the two countries havecompletely broken down.
? break in 闖入;打岔
? break off 中斷，折斷
? break into 闖入
? break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生
? break up 驅(qū)散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不僅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father wereseen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利(convenient:adj. )
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: (attract: v.)
1). 吸引;引力(不可數(shù)n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的東西;喜聞樂見的東西;精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù)n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea ona hot day.
A big city offers many and variedattractions.
What are the principle attractions thisevening?
14. influence
1) v. 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可數(shù)n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可數(shù)n.) 影響 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
高中必修五英語知識(shí)3
Unit 3:
1. impression n. 印記;印象;感想;后接ofsb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 從句;
e.g. My first impression of him wasfavourable.
I got the impression that they were unhappyabout the situation.
知識(shí)拓展：impress v.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記;使感動(dòng);常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記;
e.g It impressed me thatshe remembered my name.令我佩服的是她記得我的名字。
2. remind v.提醒;使想起;
常用結(jié)構(gòu)有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事;
remind sb.+(that)/wh-從句提醒某人……;使某人想起……;
remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意識(shí)到……;提醒某人某事
e.g. I'm sorry, but I've forgotten yourname, can you remind me?
You remind me of your father when you saythat.
知識(shí)拓展：reminder n.提醒物;引起回憶的事物
3. constantly adv.始終;一直;重復(fù)不斷地
e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.時(shí)尚總是日新月異。
知識(shí)拓展：constant adj.連續(xù)發(fā)生的;不斷的;重復(fù)的;
4. previous adj.先前的;以往的;(時(shí)間上)稍前的
e.g. No previous experience is necessary forthis job.
I couldn't believe it when I heard the news.I had only seen him the previous day.
知識(shí)拓展：previously adv. 先前的;早先
e.g. The building had previously been usedas a hotel.
5. bend v.(bent bent)彎曲;使彎曲;彎腰;彎身;
e.g. It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把鐵棒弄彎很不容易。
She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下頭吻了她的女兒。
常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事
bend sb.to sth. 迫使;說服
bend the truth 歪曲事實(shí)
6. press v. 壓;按;推;擠;堅(jiān)持;敦促n.報(bào)章雜志，新聞工作者，新聞界
e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose.她用手絹捂住鼻子。
She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油門踏板。
He is still pressing her claim forcompensation. 他仍堅(jiān)持索賠。
The press was/were not allowed to attend thetrial. 庭審謝絕新聞采訪。
7. switch n. & v. 用作名詞表示“開關(guān);轉(zhuǎn)換”。用作動(dòng)詞表示“轉(zhuǎn)換”。
e.g. She made the switch from full-time topart-time work when her first child was born.
Press these two keys to switch betweendocuments on screen.
I can't work next week, will you switch withme?
8. lack n. & v. 用作名詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺”;用作動(dòng)詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺;沒有;不足”。
e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金錢/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack ofinterest. 因?yàn)槿狈εd趣這次旅行被取消了。
He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。
知識(shí)拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏;沒有;匱乏;不足
9. surroundings n.[pl.] 環(huán)境;surround v. 圍繞;環(huán)繞surrounding adj. 周圍的;附近的
e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasantsurroundings.
10. catch/gain/get sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出
? lose sight of 看不見,忘記
? lose one's sight 失明
? at first sight 一見就;乍看起來At firstsight, the problem seems easy.
?at (the) sight of 一看見就…… At thesight of the teacher, the boy ran away.
?be in sight 看得見，在眼前Theisland is still in sight.
?out of sight 看不見Out of sight,out of mind.
11. take up
to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用(時(shí)間);占據(jù)(空間)
to learn to or start to do sth 開始做(某項(xiàng)工作);開始從事
to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受(建議或能得到的東西)
e.g. The table takes up too much room. 這張桌子太占地兒。
They have taken up golf. 他們學(xué)起打高爾夫球來了。
She took up his offer of a drink. 他請(qǐng)她喝一杯，她接受了。
He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要開始履行職責(zé)。
12. sweep up 打掃;清掃;橫掃;涌向;快速地抱起
e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把將孩子抱進(jìn)懷里
高中必修五英語知識(shí)4
Unit 4:
1. concentrate vi. 聚精會(huì)神，集中思想，多與on 和upon 或連用Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。
e.g. A driver should concentrate on the roadwhen driving.
Industrial development is being concentratedin the west of the country.
2. acquire vt. 獲得, 學(xué)到，取得，擁有acquired, acquiring
e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the Englishby careful study.
Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are anacquired taste and are not in born.
3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指責(zé)，指控accused, accusing
e.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他謀殺。
She accused him lying. 她指責(zé)他說謊.
He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他誤遭控告犯偷盜罪.
4. be of interest/ importance, value, use,help, ... = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...
e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 這是一件非常重要的事。
The book is of great value to me. 這本書對(duì)我來說有很大價(jià)值。
There is nothing interesting/of interest intoday's newspaper.
5. journalist n.新聞?dòng)浾?新聞工作者
e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位專門的新聞從業(yè)人員
6. delighted a. 高興的, 快樂的
e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很高興。
【詞語聯(lián)想】
delight n. 高興, 愉快;vt. 使高興, 樂于;vi. 感到高興(或愉快、快樂)
e.g.Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要愛好。
7. assist n. 幫助, 協(xié)助;vt. 幫助, 促進(jìn);vi. 協(xié)助, 參加
【習(xí)慣用語】
? assist sb. with sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
?assist sb. to do sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
?assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
◆區(qū)別: help, aid, assist都含"幫助"、"援助"的意思。
?help 系常用詞, 意義較aid, assist 強(qiáng), 指"以積極態(tài)度給予各方面的幫助", 強(qiáng)調(diào)"受助者得到幫助或好處", 并著重"受助者對(duì)幫助的需要"
e.g. Please help me arrange these papers.
?aid 屬較正式用語, 強(qiáng)調(diào)"幫助受助者脫離困難或危險(xiǎn)", 有時(shí)意味著"強(qiáng)者援助弱者"
e.g. They aided flood victims.
?assist是正式用語, 多指"在提供幫助時(shí), 幫助者起次要或起協(xié)助作用"
e.g. She assisted him in his experiments.
高中必修五英語知識(shí)5
Unit 5：
1. first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 給予傷員的急救。
短語聯(lián)想
give/offer aid 援助come to sb'said 幫助某人
teaching aids 教具medical aid 醫(yī)療救護(hù)
with the aid of 借助于
get injured 受傷，在現(xiàn)代英語中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get+ 及物動(dòng)詞不達(dá)意的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這叫g(shù)et - 型被動(dòng)語態(tài)。又如：
The computer got (was)damaged when we weremoving.
My bike is getting (is being)repaired row.
2. Protect 動(dòng)詞，“保護(hù)、維護(hù)”，用于句式“protect + 名詞+ against/from + 名詞”。
e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect hiseyes from the strong sunlight.
【短語聯(lián)想】
? Keep... from... 不讓/避免
? stop... (from) ... 阻止
? prevent...(from) ... 妨礙/防止
?disable... from... 使……失去(能力/資格)
?save... from... 挽救、拯救
3.depend on 取決于。
e.g. The amount you pay depends on where youlive.詞義拓展
depend on 依靠，依賴：His familydepends on him. 他的一家人全靠他養(yǎng)活。
依賴，信任：We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday.
4. squeeze 動(dòng)詞，意思是“榨取”、“擠出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子
squeeze + 名詞+ out(of/from)+ 名詞，
e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeezemore money out of him.
5. hurt 既可作及物動(dòng)詞，作“傷害”、“使受傷”解，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表達(dá)身體的受傷，也可以表達(dá)情感的傷害。例如：
e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladderand hurt himsel
f.
The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司機(jī)在事故中受了傷。
6. unless 除非……;如果不……。如：
7. icy adj. 冰涼的
-y 是個(gè)形容詞后綴。如：
windy 有風(fēng)的hilly 多小山的sleepy 困倦的
greeny 略呈綠色spicy 辛辣的woody 樹木茂密的
thirsty 饑渴的dirty 臟的snowy 下雪的
8. in place 放在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?。如?/p>
e.g. The librarian put the returned books inplace. 圖書管理員把還回的圖書放到原處。
Yon'd better put things back inplace.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.
9. sense n. 感覺
?sense of touch 觸覺sense of sight視覺
? sense of hearing 聽覺sense of smell嗅覺
? sense of humour 幽默感sense ofbeauty 美感
?ense of hunger 饑餓感the sixthsense 第六感
10. variety n. 多樣, 種類,
★ a variety of…各種各樣……
【詞語聯(lián)想】
various a. 不同的, 各種的, 多方面的, 許多的
e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party forvarious reasons.
The Past Participle used As Attribute andPredicative
第一講、過去分詞做定語和表語
1.English is a widely used language.
2.He threw away the broken cup.
3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
4.Prices of daily goods bought through acomputer can be lower than store prices. 單個(gè)過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;
過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。
spoken English
= English which is spoken
terrified people
= the people who are terrified
an organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area 災(zāi)區(qū)
= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics
= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher
= the book which was recommended by theteacher
printed articles
= articles that are printed
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctorin London. 定語
2) John Snow told the astonished people inBroad Street. 定語
3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure wasunderstood表語
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
= There are many leaves which had fallen onthe ground. (地上有許多落葉)
Some of them, born and brought up in ruralvillages, had never been to Beijing.
= Some of them , who had been born andbrought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
(他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒去過北京)
及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
polluted water
= water which is polluted
reserved seats
= the seats which were reserved
trapped animal
= the animal which was trapped
不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表被動(dòng)，只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，含有動(dòng)作完成，動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。
boiled water
= water which has boiled
fallen leaves
= the leaves which have fallen
risen sun
= the sun which has risen
過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號(hào)隔開。
The books, written by Guo Jingming, are verypopular with teenagers. 這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。
Some of them, born and brought up in ruralvillages, had never been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒過北京.
The book _written by the farmer (一本農(nóng)民寫的書) is very popular.
The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
The problem discussed at the meetingyesterday(在昨天會(huì)議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.
The window broken by that naughty boy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.
The children examined in the hospitalyesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.
The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽光下的) got sunburnt.
The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的) is now a college student.
The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.
The English today is quite different fromthe English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所說的).
Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)的) were from South Africa.
The students inspired by the teacher (受到老師鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.
The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did notinclude women players until 1912.
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first playing
①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。
②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。
③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
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