托福聽(tīng)力這些常見(jiàn)教材如何使用?用法正確更能助力提分，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福聽(tīng)力這些常見(jiàn)教材如何使用，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福聽(tīng)力這些常見(jiàn)教材如何使用?用法正確更能助力提分
官方真題Official
TOEFL PRACTICE ONLINE
官方真題Official是為參加托?？荚囈约跋胍岣邔?zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)水平的人提供的一個(gè)全真模擬托福網(wǎng)考考試平臺(tái)。官方真題Official都是ETS之前考過(guò)的真題，對(duì)于考前模擬和復(fù)習(xí)具有很大的價(jià)值。很多同學(xué)會(huì)把官方真題Official作為刷題工具，做完題、對(duì)完答案就開(kāi)始刷下一套，半年就陷入了無(wú)題可做的尷尬局面。
但是如果我們能仔細(xì)推敲官方真題Official的每一篇聽(tīng)力，沉下心來(lái)分析出題點(diǎn)，弄懂每篇聽(tīng)力的內(nèi)在邏輯，把生詞都摘出來(lái)背熟，一般只要能堅(jiān)持做上20套官方真題Official，聽(tīng)力就會(huì)有很大提升。
使用方法：
1. 做一篇官方真題Official聽(tīng)力;
2. 打印出聽(tīng)力原文，用紅筆劃出邏輯詞和出題點(diǎn);
3. 對(duì)照答案，分析錯(cuò)題?？偨Y(jié)哪些地方是可以聽(tīng)懂但是漏聽(tīng)的;哪些地方是單詞認(rèn)識(shí)但是沒(méi)做出的;哪些地方是完全聽(tīng)不懂的。
4. 針對(duì)上面的幾種情況進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練：找邏輯詞，思考為什么會(huì)在這個(gè)地方出題;查找對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法;查找生詞，多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆?
5. 再做一遍看是否全對(duì);
6. 用簡(jiǎn)單的英文或中文復(fù)述全文;
7. 摘錄所有的生詞并背誦
SSS
Scientific American's Sixty-second Science
取乎其上,得乎其中;取乎其中,得乎其下;取乎其下,則無(wú)所得矣。
我們只有設(shè)立更高的目標(biāo)，才能得到更好的結(jié)果，托福聽(tīng)力也不例外。60秒的科學(xué)美國(guó)人是托福聽(tīng)力出題的重要來(lái)源，而且它的語(yǔ)速是要快于官方真題Official的，習(xí)慣了它的語(yǔ)速之后，再去聽(tīng)官方真題Official，就會(huì)覺(jué)得世界竟然如此清晰，托福竟然如此友好。
使用方法：
1.第一遍，盲聽(tīng)，找到關(guān)鍵詞;
2.第二遍，爭(zhēng)取知道大致內(nèi)容;
3.第三遍，一句一句地聽(tīng)寫(xiě);
4.將聽(tīng)寫(xiě)好的材料與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比，看看那些地方寫(xiě)錯(cuò)了;
5.最后再聽(tīng)一遍，達(dá)到可以用簡(jiǎn)單的英文或者中文復(fù)述的程度。
TED
Technology, Entertainment and Design
TED 演講的主旨是：Ideas worthspreading. 每年3月，TED大會(huì)在北美召集眾多科學(xué)、設(shè)計(jì)、文學(xué)、音樂(lè)等領(lǐng)域的杰出人物，分享他們關(guān)于技術(shù)、社會(huì)、人的思考和探索。我們一般用TED的演講材料做泛聽(tīng)。
使用方法：
1. 第一遍，關(guān)閉字幕，理解講座大意;
2. 第二遍，對(duì)照字幕，修正偏差。
CNN
Students News
從時(shí)事政治到生活瑣事，包羅萬(wàn)象，語(yǔ)速、詞匯量適中。CNN官網(wǎng)上每個(gè)工作日都會(huì)更新一期節(jié)目，而且每期節(jié)目都帶有完整的聽(tīng)力文本。
BBC
6 Minute English
BBC電臺(tái)為非母語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者們開(kāi)設(shè)了每周系列節(jié)目，每期節(jié)目只有6分鐘，內(nèi)容豐富，難度適中。兩位主持人會(huì)針對(duì)一個(gè)主題進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的討論。
2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：蜜蜂通過(guò)味道給花粉排名
Walk through Times Square—you're bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. "So these flowers are these billboards, they're advertising a good, this delicious nectar reward, and bees are very picky shoppers." Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.
She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. And one way bees choose where to visit? "Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar." They also scope out the shape and size of the flowers, and their color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are pollen aficionados, too.
They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, "We got really into it—we started 3-D printing flowers in our lab." And for the anther—the male flower part, which presents the pollen—pipe cleaners. "So we bought out Michael's craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments."
Turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen? They sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that, in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen too—and judge flowers by it. The results are in the journal Biology Letters.
The finding means that plants have to find a happy medium: "So can you make your pollen attractive enough that the bees will collect it, but distasteful enough that they won't collect too much of it?" And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated chemistry—it's just one of the many transactions that plays out in the buzzing pollination marketplace. Where the object is to make a sweet profit.
走過(guò)紐約時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)，你會(huì)被廣告不斷侵?jǐn)_。事實(shí)證明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飛過(guò)花田時(shí)，可能會(huì)有類(lèi)似的感覺(jué)。“因?yàn)檫@些花朵就像是那些廣告牌，它們?cè)跒檫@些美味可口的花蜜打廣告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消費(fèi)者。”內(nèi)華達(dá)州立大學(xué)雷諾分校的傳粉生物學(xué)家安妮·倫納德說(shuō)道。
她將花田描述為一個(gè)授粉市場(chǎng)。蜜蜂選擇去哪里采集花蜜的方法是什么?“蜜蜂是花蜜專(zhuān)家。它們很擅長(zhǎng)評(píng)估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的濃度存在微小的區(qū)別它們也能感覺(jué)到?！彼鼈冞€能確定花的形狀、大小、顏色和氣味?，F(xiàn)在倫納德和她的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，熊蜂也是花粉愛(ài)好者。
他們通過(guò)給不同批次分別含有甜蔗糖和苦奎寧的櫻桃花粉系上標(biāo)簽的方法進(jìn)行研究，并得到了上述結(jié)論。為了向蜜蜂展示花粉，“我們進(jìn)行了非常深入地研究，我們開(kāi)始在實(shí)驗(yàn)室用3D技術(shù)打印花朵?！痹诨ㄋ幉糠?，也就是呈現(xiàn)出花粉的雄花部分使用清管器。“所以我們購(gòu)買(mǎi)了邁克爾工藝品店的清管器，將這些清管器應(yīng)用到我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)中?！?/p>
實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，蜜蜂會(huì)在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同顏色花朵間重復(fù)往返，并且花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間來(lái)采集。那它們遇到含有苦奎寧的花粉時(shí)會(huì)怎樣呢?它們會(huì)在下一次停留時(shí)尋找一種與之顏色不同的花朵。所有這一切表明，除了品嘗花蜜，蜜蜂也會(huì)品嘗花粉的味道，并且通過(guò)花粉來(lái)對(duì)花朵進(jìn)行評(píng)估。該研究結(jié)果刊登在《生物學(xué)快報(bào)》雜志上。
該研究結(jié)果表明，植物必須找到一個(gè)折中的辦法：“你能讓你的花粉有足夠的吸引力，讓蜜蜂來(lái)采集，但是又讓花粉不太合口，確保蜜蜂不會(huì)采集太多嗎?”這一精確校準(zhǔn)化學(xué)的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行的眾多交易中的其中一種。該市場(chǎng)的目標(biāo)是獲得“甜蜜”的利潤(rùn)。
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. be good at 擅長(zhǎng)的;精通的;能干的;
例句：The conductor is good at keeping the players together.
樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮善于使表演者奏協(xié)調(diào)。
2. buy out 買(mǎi)下…的股權(quán)(或產(chǎn)權(quán));
例句：The bank had to pay to buy out most of the 200 former partners.
銀行不得不花錢(qián)買(mǎi)下過(guò)去200名合伙人手中的大部分股權(quán)。
3. be confronted with (問(wèn)題、任務(wù)或困難)降臨，使面臨;
例句：There is always turmoil when humans are confronted with change.
當(dāng)人類(lèi)面對(duì)改變的時(shí)候，總是有混亂。
4. in addition to 另外;加之;除…之外;
例句：In addition to the radio, newspapers were also a main source for information.
除了無(wú)線電廣播外，報(bào)紙也是一種主要信息來(lái)源。
5. play out (使)(戲劇性的事件)逐漸發(fā)生;(使)展開(kāi);
例句：We play out an imaginary confrontation in our mind.
我們的腦海中浮現(xiàn)出一種想象的沖突。
2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：海豚通過(guò)鼻涕粘液發(fā)聲
Sometimes a snout full of snot can be just what the doctor ordered. At least if you're a dolphin. Because a new study shows that a little bit of mucus helps these marine mammals generate the rapid-fire stream of clicks they emit and use for echolocation.
First off, let's just get this out of the way. Dolphins do not actually sound like this. [Flipper laugh sound] That's a made-for-TV giggle that some say is actually the doctored call of a bird: the Australian kookaburra.
Real dolphins, like these bottlenoses, sound more like this. [Bottlenose sounds] They use their clicks, chirps and whistles to navigate, communicate and to catch their next meal. The high-frequency clicks, in particular, help Flipper and his kind locate and track fish dinners.
Dolphins make these sounds by forcing air through a nasal passage just beneath the blowhole. In this nasal region are liplike flaps of tissue called dorsal bursae that vibrate and collide to produce dolphin talk.
Now, a team of researchers has created a simplified model that can reproduce this characteristic dolphin chatter. And they found that the secret ingredient is snot.
While looking through the literature, oceanographer Aaron Thode stumbled across a model that represented vocal cords as masses connected by springs—which store and release energy—and dampers, which dissipate that energy. This model successfully replicated the essential characteristics of the system, like the frequency of vocal cord vibration.
So Thode enlisted his father Lester, a retired nuclear physicist from Los Alamos National Lab, to help him fit the model to a dolphin's nasal anatomy. When the Thodes compared the simulated sounds produced by their model to a recording of actual dolphins, they found that the model mimicked both the loud thump and extended ring that are part of the natural click. That's the sound, but slowed down to make it audible to our ears.
The initial thud comes from when those dorsal bursae collide. And the reverberation results from the vibrations that linger when the tissues pull apart. But Thode the younger says the bursae have to be somewhat sticky for the clapping together and snapping apart to produce a noise with the correct loudness and pitch. That stickiness comes courtesy of the mucus. Thode vocalized the results at the meeting of the Acoustical Society in Salt Lake City.
The match between the simulated sounds and the real deal is encouraging, and the Thodes plan to keep up their collaboration to refine their model. "Yeah, I guess some fathers and sons bond over football, but my dad and I, I guess we bonded over differential equations and writing this paper."
如果你是一只海豚，醫(yī)生會(huì)要求你鼻子里充滿鼻涕。因?yàn)橐豁?xiàng)新研究表明，一點(diǎn)粘液有助于這些海洋哺乳動(dòng)物發(fā)出急速連續(xù)的咔噠聲并利用回聲進(jìn)行定位。
首先，我們要說(shuō)明一下。海豚實(shí)際上并不會(huì)發(fā)出這樣的聲音。(海豚飛寶的笑聲)這種咯咯的笑聲出自一部電視電影，有人說(shuō)那實(shí)際上是用澳大利亞笑翠鳥(niǎo)的叫聲偽造的。
真正的海豚，像這些寬吻海豚，它們的聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)更像這樣。(寬吻海豚的聲音)它們通過(guò)發(fā)出的咔噠聲、啾啾聲和口哨聲來(lái)進(jìn)行導(dǎo)航、交流和捕食。尤其高頻咔噠聲可以幫助海豚飛寶和它的同類(lèi)進(jìn)行定位，追蹤用作晚餐的魚(yú)類(lèi)。
海豚迫使空氣穿過(guò)氣孔之下的鼻道制造出聲音。海豚的鼻區(qū)有被稱(chēng)為背側(cè)黏液囊的唇形片狀瓣膜，通過(guò)振動(dòng)和碰撞讓海豚能夠“講話”。
現(xiàn)在，一個(gè)研究小組建立了一個(gè)可重現(xiàn)海豚叫聲特征的簡(jiǎn)化模型。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，秘密成分是鼻涕。
在瀏覽文獻(xiàn)時(shí)，海洋學(xué)家亞倫·索德偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)模型，這個(gè)模型將聲帶描繪成由彈簧相連、可以儲(chǔ)藏和釋放能量的集塊，以及消散能量的阻尼器。這一模型成功地復(fù)制了發(fā)聲系統(tǒng)的基本特征，如聲帶振動(dòng)的頻率。
索德的父親是美國(guó)洛斯阿拉莫斯國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室的退休核物理學(xué)家，索德邀請(qǐng)他的父親萊斯特加入研究，幫助他使這個(gè)模型與海豚的鼻部解剖構(gòu)造相符合。當(dāng)他們將模型產(chǎn)生的模擬聲音與海豚真實(shí)聲音的錄音進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)模型模擬的撞擊聲和延長(zhǎng)形成的環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)就是海豚發(fā)出的咔噠聲的一部分。這就是模型發(fā)出的聲音，不過(guò)我們放慢了速度讓大家可以聽(tīng)清。
最初的撞擊聲來(lái)自背側(cè)黏液囊的碰撞。而回聲則來(lái)源于組織分離時(shí)產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)。不過(guò)小索德認(rèn)為，黏液囊必須要有足夠的粘性，一下靠攏又分開(kāi)，才能產(chǎn)生這種聲音并達(dá)到正確的音量和音高。這種粘性來(lái)自粘液。索德在鹽湖城舉行的聲學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)上發(fā)表了這一研究成果。
模擬聲音與海豚原聲的匹配度令人鼓舞，索德父子計(jì)劃繼續(xù)合作下去，完善他們的模型。“我認(rèn)為有些父子因足球而親密，而我爸爸和我是因?yàn)槲⒎址匠毯妥珜?xiě)這篇論文而親密起來(lái)的?！?/p>
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. in particular 尤其;特別;
例句：She stressed that point in particular.
她特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了那一點(diǎn)。
2. stumble across 意外發(fā)現(xiàn);偶然看見(jiàn);
例句：I stumbled across an extremely simple but very exact method for understanding where my money went.
我意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單卻能精確了解我所花錢(qián)去向的方法。
3. part of 一些;部分;
例句：The astronaut accepted danger was part of the job.
太空人承認(rèn)他們的工作中包含著危險(xiǎn)。
4. keep up 繼續(xù)做(或提供);
例句：You can't keep up the pretense any longer.
你無(wú)法繼續(xù)偽裝下去了。
