托福聽力考試難度較高，聽力基礎(chǔ)較差的同學(xué)考不好聽力是比較常見的問題。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃π率秩腴T須知6個(gè)考試特點(diǎn)匯總分析，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力新手入門須知6個(gè)考試特點(diǎn)匯總分析

側(cè)重學(xué)術(shù)性(Academic atmosphere)

側(cè)重學(xué)術(shù)是托福聽力的重要特點(diǎn)，考題中4篇lectures和兩篇long conversations大都涉及到各個(gè)學(xué)科專業(yè)知識(shí)，僅在兩篇長對(duì)話中會(huì)出現(xiàn)校園服務(wù)等一般性話題，數(shù)量較小。最?？嫉氖宕髮W(xué)科為：Zoology，botany，biology or microbiology，geology，geography，meteorology，astronomy，archeology，physiology，law，business and economy，literature，arts (music and architecture)，history，philosophy。因此，在考生正式進(jìn)入聽力練習(xí)之前，務(wù)必要先通過專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)詞這一關(guān)，推薦書籍為《詞以類記》。

聽力難度較高(Degree of difficulty)

新托福聽力有難度是達(dá)成廣泛共識(shí)的。聽力時(shí)間為60-90分鐘(根據(jù)有無加試題而定)，大部分水平可以的考生，由于缺乏長時(shí)間持續(xù)性的專注練習(xí)，聽到中后期就不知道自己在聽什么了，從而導(dǎo)致分?jǐn)?shù)不高。其“三不原則”--不可看，不可逆，不可改，也是讓考生覺得很茫然的原因之一，這些限制之下聽力自然增加了難度。考前看不到選項(xiàng)，只能前進(jìn)不能后退，選完不能修改。寄期望于分析選項(xiàng)和前后聯(lián)系選題的解題思路也用不了，這也進(jìn)一步提升了托福聽力的難度。

題型復(fù)雜問法多變(Macro and micro)

這是針對(duì)題型的，托福聽力題既有微觀又有宏觀題?？忌谝酝鶝]見過的多選題(四選二，五選三)，排序題，復(fù)聽題等讓考生眼花繚亂，所以對(duì)各種題型的分析和研究非常必要。缺乏解題經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累的同學(xué)面對(duì)不同題型不知道如何去做也是家常便飯的事。

多人討論分不清(More characters)

在托福聽力的考題中，考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)常常不是一個(gè)人或者兩個(gè)人在講，總是會(huì)一個(gè)教授和幾個(gè)學(xué)生，或者好幾個(gè)同學(xué)之間的討論，角色多元是其另一大顯著特點(diǎn)。考生如果沒有特別留意，也容易發(fā)生聽到后面分不清到底是誰說了什么的情況。

重視實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)(Focus on practical tests)

因?yàn)橥懈Ｂ犃κ荌BT(internet based test)考試，所以真正的實(shí)戰(zhàn)就顯得尤為重要。ETS唯一的官方教材OG(Official guidance)，官方真題Official (Toefl practice on line)，DELTA 等套題或?？际强忌仨氁J(rèn)真分析拿下的，因?yàn)樾峦懈？荚嚰埳系木毩?xí)和上機(jī)練習(xí)有很大差別。另外，“機(jī)經(jīng)”對(duì)于初識(shí)新托福的同學(xué)也會(huì)有較大的幫助，應(yīng)該予以關(guān)注，這也是實(shí)戰(zhàn)后的產(chǎn)物。

需要做筆記技巧(Note-taking)

新托福聽力每篇文章都在4-6分鐘，長度是大部分考生之前沒見過的，為了彌補(bǔ)短期記憶不足，就必須要記筆記。記什么，怎么記是筆記訓(xùn)練的關(guān)鍵。一般是三種境界：什么都記(記中聽) —有選擇的記(邊聽邊記) – 邊聽偶爾記 (聽中記)，要達(dá)到第三層境界，需要較長的時(shí)間甚至需要一些有效點(diǎn)撥，當(dāng)然內(nèi)功到了，一點(diǎn)即破。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：預(yù)防少女懷孕的項(xiàng)目反而增加懷孕率

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

Used to be, teenage kids had to carry around a bag of flour wrapped in a blanket to learn the responsibilities of parenthood. But these days? The same lesson is taught with hi-tech dolls that cry and record every interaction.

"You know they get grumpy, you have to rock them to calm them down, they have to be fed." Sally Brinkman, an epidemiologist at the Telethon Kids Institute, in Australia. "It's supposed to be so tiring and so difficult that it puts them off and they say 'I don't want to be a teenage mom.' And then they think about contraception and all of those sorts of things."

Problem is, that theory — that the dolls will discourage teenage parenthood—doesn't seem to be true, according to a new study by Brinkman and her colleagues. The team recruited nearly 3,000 13- to 15-year-old girls for the trial, from 57 schools in Western Australia. All the girls got the standard Australian curriculum on contraception and sexual health. But half had to care for the infant dolls—and got extra education sessions with the school nurse.

The team's hypothesis? "We thought either it's going to make a difference, or it's going to make no difference whatsoever. We hadn't expected that it would do the opposite." And in fact, the girls who cared for the dolls were nearly one and a half times more likely to get pregnant before age 20, than teens in the control group. The findings are in The Lancet.

The company that makes the dolls has criticized the trial, and says the researchers didn't properly implement the educational portion of the program. But Brinkman disagrees. Maybe, she says, the program itself is flawed. "If we're inadvertently increasing teenage pregnancy rates, you know, this program needs to stop. We shouldn't be delivering it in schools."

以前，十幾歲的孩子在學(xué)習(xí)為人父母的責(zé)任時(shí)要帶著裹在毯子里的一袋面粉。那現(xiàn)在呢?現(xiàn)在，同樣的課程用可以哭還可以記錄所有互動(dòng)的高科技娃娃來完成。

“你知道他們會(huì)生氣，你要抱著他們輕輕晃動(dòng)來讓他們平靜下來，你要喂他們吃東西?！彼_莉·布林克曼是澳大利亞特里松兒童研究院的流行病學(xué)家。“這既累人又很難，會(huì)讓他們失去耐心，他們會(huì)說‘我不想當(dāng)年輕媽媽。'然后他們會(huì)考慮避孕和其他相關(guān)問題?！?/p>

問題是，娃娃會(huì)讓年輕父母感到泄氣的理論看起來并不正確，這是布林克曼和她同事進(jìn)行的新研究得出的結(jié)論。布林我曼和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)從西澳大利亞57所學(xué)校招募了近3000名13至15歲的女孩進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。所有女孩都在澳大利亞國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程學(xué)習(xí)了避孕和性健康的知識(shí)。其中有一半女孩曾照顧過嬰兒娃娃，而且在護(hù)校學(xué)習(xí)了額外的教育課程。

該團(tuán)隊(duì)的假設(shè)?“我們認(rèn)為，結(jié)果要么有區(qū)別，要么就完全沒有區(qū)別。我們沒想到結(jié)果恰恰相反?！睂?shí)際上，曾經(jīng)照顧過娃娃的女孩可能在20歲以前懷孕的機(jī)率比對(duì)照組中的女孩高出1.5倍。這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》期刊上。

生產(chǎn)這種娃娃的公司對(duì)這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了指責(zé)，他們認(rèn)為研究人員沒有妥善實(shí)施該項(xiàng)目的教育責(zé)任。但是布林克曼不同意這種說法。她說，也許這個(gè)項(xiàng)目本身就存在缺陷?！叭绻覀儫o意中使少女懷孕率上升，那這個(gè)項(xiàng)目就要停止。我們不應(yīng)該在學(xué)校里進(jìn)行這個(gè)項(xiàng)目?！?/p>

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. calm down (使)平靜下來;(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來;

例句：His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace.

鄉(xiāng)村的寧靜很快就使他的怒氣平靜下來。

2. put off 使反感;使對(duì)…失去興趣;

例句：The high divorce figures don't seem to be putting people off marriage.

離婚的人很多，但這好像并沒有打消人們對(duì)結(jié)婚的熱情。

3. care for 照料;照顧;護(hù)理;

例句：It seemed to be her mission to care for her brother's children.

照顧她兄弟的孩子似乎成了她一生的使命。

4. in fact (用于修正、引出相反意見或?qū)Ρ鹊?事實(shí)上，其實(shí);

例句：No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way.

他確實(shí)是想幫忙，然而事實(shí)上卻只是幫倒忙。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：皮膚變色有助氣候控制與交流

Various animals evolved coloration that keeps them hidden. A jaguar's patterns help it slink undetected across the sun-dappled rainforest floor. The mottled pigmentation on the wings of some let them rest on tree bark undisturbed. And then there are animals that can quickly change their appearance—for example, the Central Bearded Dragon.

This two-foot-long lizard lives in the more arid parts of Australia.

"They can change color really quickly, just in a matter of seconds or minutes."

University of Melbourne biologist Katie Smith.

"And they do this by moving pigments within specialized skin cells called chromatophores."

Bearded dragons modify their colors for camouflage, or to maintain their body temperature, or to communicate with other dragons. Smith wanted to know how they meet all those needs with the same tool kit.

So she and her team rounded up twelve bearded dragons and put them through a series of tests before releasing them back into the wild. They found that when the dragons want to communicate with other members of their species, they change the colors on their neck.

"This is actually one of the reasons they're called bearded dragons—because they look like they have a really serious five o'clock shadow."

Changes to their backs were for temperature regulation. Shifting to yellow lets them to cool off during extreme heat, while darker greys allow them to soak up more heat during cooler weather.

"They actually save about, on average, 22 minutes a day at the darker colors than the lighter colors. That's about 85 hours throughout the whole year."

Eighty-five hours a year NOT spent out in the open and exposed to potential predators. The results were published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society: B.

The lizards can clearly control each part of their body separately, resulting in an efficient system. Temperature regulation involves the back, which is facing the sun. Social signaling uses the neck, easily visible to another lizard they're faced off with.

The researchers' next task is to see what happens when the lizards have to deal with simultaneous but conflicting coloration requirements—situations that could give a bearded dragon a close shave.

很多動(dòng)物會(huì)進(jìn)化顏色讓自己隱藏起來。美洲豹身上的斑紋讓它可以在陽光斑駁的雨林地帶潛行。一些動(dòng)物翅膀上的斑駁沉著色素可以讓它們?cè)跇渖闲菹r(shí)不被打擾。另外，還有些動(dòng)物可以快速改變它們的外表，比如鬃獅蜥。

這種兩英尺長的蜥蜴生活在澳大利亞的干旱地區(qū)。

“它們可以非?？焖俚馗淖冾伾?，僅僅只需要幾秒鐘或者幾分鐘的時(shí)間。”

凱蒂·史密斯是墨爾本大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家。

“它們通過轉(zhuǎn)移特定皮膚內(nèi)細(xì)胞內(nèi)的色素來實(shí)現(xiàn)的?！?/p>

鬃獅蜥通過改變自己的顏色進(jìn)行偽裝、保持體溫，或和其他鬃獅蜥進(jìn)行交流。史密斯想知道擁有同樣保護(hù)偽裝的鬃獅蜥是如何滿足這些需求的。

所以，她和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)找了十二只鬃獅蜥，對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了一系列的測試，然后再把它們放回野外。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)鬃獅蜥想和本物種的其他成員進(jìn)行交流時(shí)，它們會(huì)改變自己頸部的顏色。

“這實(shí)際上是它們被稱為長鬃獅蜥的原因之一，因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋硐耖L了胡須?！?/p>

鬃獅蜥改變背部的顏色是為了調(diào)節(jié)溫度。變成黃色可以讓它們?cè)诳釤岬奶鞖庵袥鏊聛?，而變成深灰色可以讓鬃獅蜥在寒冷的天氣吸收更多的熱量。

“實(shí)際上平均而言，它們每天呈現(xiàn)深顏色的時(shí)間要比淺顏色的時(shí)間少22分鐘。那么一年也就長達(dá)85個(gè)小時(shí)?！?/p>

這也就意味著它們一年有85個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間沒有在戶外，而且不會(huì)接觸到可能的捕食者。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)B》上。

鬃獅蜥可以明確地控制自身各個(gè)部分，從而形成一個(gè)有效的系統(tǒng)。在有陽光時(shí)，可以調(diào)節(jié)背部的顏色。社交的時(shí)候調(diào)節(jié)頸部的顏色，讓另一只鬃獅蜥清楚地看到它們面臨的情況。

研究人員的下一個(gè)任務(wù)是觀察鬃獅蜥在處理同時(shí)發(fā)生又相相互沖突的變色要求時(shí)會(huì)有什么情況發(fā)生，那可能是讓它們死里逃生的情況。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. round up 使聚攏;使聚集;

例句：He had sought work as a cowboy, rounding up cattle.

他找了一份放牛的差事，負(fù)責(zé)把牛趕到一起。

2. cool off (使)變涼;(使)涼快下來;

例句：Maybe he's trying to cool off out there in the rain.

可能他是想在雨里涼快一下。

3. soak up 吸收;

例句：The cells will promptly start to soak up moisture.

細(xì)胞會(huì)立即開始吸收水分。

4. on average 平均起來;按平均值;

例句：On average, Mr. Kelly works out four days a week for at least an hour at a time.

凱利平均每周鍛煉四天，每次至少鍛煉一個(gè)小時(shí)。

5. result in 導(dǎo)致;引起;造成;

例句：His carelessness results in a serious blunder.

他的粗枝大葉導(dǎo)致他犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

6. a close shave 幸免于難;僥幸脫險(xiǎn);

例句：His life is no longer in danger, but it was a close shave.

他不再有生命危險(xiǎn)了，但那真是死里逃生。