Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam?您要買什么，夫人?

First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Did the woman get what she wanted?
A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
參考譯文
一位穿著牛仔褲的婦女站在一家高檔商店的櫥窗前。她雖然猶豫了片刻，但終于還是走進了商店，要求把陳列在櫥窗里的一件衣服拿給她看。接待她的售貨員不喜歡 她的那副打扮，輕蔑地看了她一眼后，便告訴她那件衣服已經(jīng)賣出去了。這位婦女怒氣沖沖地走出了商店，決定第二天教訓一下那個售貨員。第二天上午，她又來到 這家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎著一只手提包，另一只手拿著一把長柄傘。找到那個無禮的售貨員后，她還要看昨天的那件衣服。那個售貨員沒有認出她是 誰，這一回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。費了好大勁兒，他爬進櫥窗去取那件衣服。這位婦女對那件衣服只看一眼，就說不喜歡。她開心地迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎 所有的東西都拿了出來，最后才買下了她最先要看的那一件。

New words and Expressions生詞和短語
madam
n.（對婦女的尊稱）太太，夫人

jeans
n. 牛仔褲

hesitate
v. 猶豫，遲緩

serve
v. 接待（顧客）

scornfully
adv. 輕蔑地

punish
v. 懲罰

fur
n. 裘皮

eager
adj. 熱切的，熱情的

Lesson 57 自學導讀First things first

　　課文詳注 Further notes on the text
　　1．The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
　　the way在這里表示“方式”、“樣式”，she was dressed為關(guān)系從句，修飾the way。dress表示“穿著”、“打扮”時常用被動語態(tài)：
　　Why is your aunt dressed in black?
　　你姑姑為什么穿黑色衣服？

　　2．…he told her that the dress was sold.……告訴她那件衣服已經(jīng)賣出去了。
　　被動語態(tài)在這里含有動作已經(jīng)完成的意忠，即表示目前的狀態(tài)。

　　3．She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午，她又來到這家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎著一只手提包，另一只手拿著一把長柄傘。
　　dressed引導的過去分詞短語作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。它也可以變換位置，放在句首，其意義不變：Dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with帶有兩個賓語：handbag和unbrella。with引導的介詞短語也作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)：
　　He walked in the park with a dog behind him.
　　他在公園里散步，身后跟了一條狗。

　　4．After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找到那個無禮的售貨員后，她還要看昨天的那件衣服。
　?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替時間狀語從句后，保留了連詞after。類似的情況如：
　　Since phoning you this morning, I've changed my plans.
　　自從今天早上給你打了電話以后，我已改變了計劃。
　　While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand.
　　在試圖打開瓶子時，我劃破了手。
　?。?）seek out為固定短語，表示“找出”、“搜尋出”：
　　He sought out the thief in the crowd.
　　他在人群中找出了那個小偷。
　　Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.
　　快把他找出來。我想和他談一談。
　　（3）ask for表示“要”、“要求”：
　　I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.
　　我要的是一杯咖啡，但你卻給了我一杯茶。

　　5．Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 那個售貨員沒有認出她是誰，這一回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。
　?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞短語代替一個分句位于句首時，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定詞。這些詞有時可互換，有時則不可：
　　Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.
　　他沒有一絲猶豫便追趕那小偷。
　　Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.
　　由于開不了門，我便向鄰居求援。
　　（2）像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感覺的形容詞作表語時后面往往跟不定式：
　　They are all eager to come.
　　他們都急于來。
　　I'm pleased to work with you.
　　我很高興能與你一起工作。

　　6．With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 費了好大勁兒，他爬進櫥窗去取那件衣服。
　　with在這里表示行為方式：
　　With care, she put the vase on the shelf.
　　她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
　　He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.
　　他很輕松地/費勁地舉起那箱子。

　　7．She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她開心地迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來，最后才買下了她最先要看的那一件。
　?。?）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“從……中得到樂趣”：
　　He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.
　　他讓那條狗追逐乞丐，并從中取樂。
　　（2）make后面的動詞不定式不加to（cf．本課詞匯學習）
　?。?）代替時間狀語從句的現(xiàn)在分詞短語帶有連詞before。

　　語法 Grammar in use
　　用于表示地點和位置的介詞和副詞in, at和off;用于描寫人的介詞in和with
　　在第9課的語法中，我們學習了引導時間狀語的介詞in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33課的語法中，我們學習了表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
　?。?）在表示地點和位置時，說話人的個人角度會影響對介詞的選擇。at通常用于表示居住地點和某個停留地點、工作地點等，而in則表示里面或包圍的含義：
　　I stopped at London on the way to New York.
　　去紐約的途中我曾在倫敦停留。（倫敦是途中的一個點）
　　I live in London.
　　我住在倫敦。（倫敦“包圍著”他）
　　We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.
　　我們今天下午在電影院見了面。他在售票處附近等我。
　　We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.
　　我們在河里游泳時簡坐在汽車里。
　　（2）off常與動詞連用，表示位置的變化，即“與……分離”，可譯為“脫掉”、“脫落”等，其反義詞為on:
　　The handle of my suitcase has come off.
　　我手提箱的提手掉下來了。
　　He took the cup off the shelf.
　　他把杯子從架上拿了下來。
　?。?）描寫人時，in通常用于表示穿著，with則表示身上的某個具體特征或隨身帶著什么：
　　Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
　　昨天她穿著牛仔褲。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
　　John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?
　　約翰穿那套制服時看上去非常英俊，是不是？
　　He looks handsome in anything!
　　他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊！
　　The man with a beard over there is Sam.
　　那邊那個留著胡子的人是薩姆。
　　The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.
　　警方說他們正在尋找的那位婦女有一個紅色的手提包/一頭紅發(fā)。
　　There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
　　那邊就有一位帶著紅色手提包/長著一頭紅發(fā)的婦女！
　　A child came along with a brown dog.
　　一位帶著一條棕色的狗的小孩走了過來。

　　詞匯學習 Word study
　　1．serve vt., vi.
　　（1）幫傭，當仆人，給……干活：
　　Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.
　　瑪麗在那戶人家當了十多年廚師。
　　（2）服務(wù)；服役；供職：
　　Have you ever served in the army?
　　你服過兵役嗎？
　　She served the firm as a secretary for two years.
　　她在這家公司當過兩年秘書。
　　（3）接待（顧客）：
　　The assistant was eager to serve her this time.
　　那個售貨員這回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。
　　Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.
　　湯姆18歲時在餐館當過侍者。

　　2．make與let
　　這兩個動詞后面都跟不帶to的不定式，但意義和用法上有區(qū)別。
　　（1）make+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式表示“迫使”、“致使”：
　　That beard makes you look much older than you really are.
　　您的胡須使您看上去比您的實際年齡大得多。
　　What made him change his mind?
　　是什么使他改變了主意？
　　She made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.
　　她迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來。
　　在被動語態(tài)中含有上述意義的make后面必須帶to:
　　He was made to work fourteen hours a day.
　　他被迫一天工作14小時。
　　He was made to change his mind.
　　他被迫改變了主意。
　?。?）let有兩種用法，一是用于祈使句，建議包括說話者在內(nèi)的人采取某一行動：
　　Let's not waste any more time.
　　我們別再浪費時間了。
　　Let's take a taxi.
　　我們坐出租車吧。
　　其否定形式除Let's not…外也可以用Don't let's…:
　　Don't let's waste any more time.
　　我們別再浪費時間了。
　　這種祈使句中的let相當于助動詞。
　　let的第2種用法是表示“允許”，其結(jié)構(gòu)與make相同，即 let+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式。如果賓語是us,則不能縮寫成let's:
　　Please let us have more time, will you?
　　請多給我們一點時間好嗎？
　　I won't let you ride my bicycle.
　　我不讓你騎我的自行車。
　　Let him speak.
　　讓他說話。
　　let后面可以跟一個被動的、不帶to的不定式：
　　He let it be known that the house was his.
　　他讓大家知道那房子是他的。
　　但是let一般不用于被動意義來表示“被允許”，這時可用allow:
　　They didn't let us speak.
　　他們沒有讓我們講話。
　　We were not allowed to speak.
　　我們沒有被允許講話。

Lesson 57 課后練習和答案Exercises and Answer