Lesson 81 Escape脫逃

　　First listen and then answer the question.
　　聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
　　Why did the prisoner attack the driver?
　　When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.
　　參考譯文
　　那個(gè)戰(zhàn)俘殺死衛(wèi)兵以后，迅速地把尸體拖進(jìn)了灌木叢。他在黑暗中忙活了一陣兒，很快就換上了死者的衣服。現(xiàn)在他身穿藍(lán)軍裝，肩扛步槍，在軍營(yíng)門前大膽 地來回走看。他聽得軍營(yíng)里面的喧鬧聲。那里燈火通明，人們?cè)跂|奔西跑：他們剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)俘虜跑了。正在此時(shí)，一輛黑色大轎車在軍營(yíng)門口停了下來。里面坐 了4個(gè)軍官。軍官們下了車，戰(zhàn)俘立正站好，并在他們從他面前經(jīng)過時(shí)敬了禮。他們走后，汽車司機(jī)向他走來，這人顯然是想聊天。他上了年紀(jì)，有著灰白的頭發(fā)和 明亮的藍(lán)眼睛。戰(zhàn)俘為他感到惋惜，但卻沒有別的選擇。當(dāng)這個(gè)人走近時(shí)，戰(zhàn)俘一拳把他打倒在地，然后跳進(jìn)車?yán)铮宰羁斓乃俣劝衍囬_走了。

　　New words and expressions 生詞和短語
　　prisoner
　　n. 囚犯

　　bush
　　n. 灌木叢

　　rapidly
　　adv. 迅速地

　　uniform
　　n. 制服

　　rifle
　　n. 來福槍，步槍

　　shoulder
　　n. 肩

　　march
　　v. 行進(jìn)

　　boldly
　　adv. 大膽地

　　blaze
　　v. 閃耀

　　salute
　　v. 行禮

　　elderly
　　adj. 上了年紀(jì)的

　　grey
　　adj. 灰白的

　　sharp
　　adj. 猛烈的

　　blow
　　n. 打擊

Lesson 81 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first

　　課文詳注 Further notes on the text
　　1．…he soon changed into the dead man's clothes.……（他）很快就換上了死者的衣服。
　　change into 在這里表示“換（衣）”：
　　He changed into his new dress and went to the party.
　　他換上新衣服去參加聚會(huì)。

　　2．…the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. ……（那戰(zhàn)俘）在軍營(yíng)門前大膽地來回走著。
　　march 一般用于指部隊(duì)“行軍”、“行進(jìn)”，但在這里它表示“（威風(fēng)凜凜/從容不迫地）走”或“迅速地走”：
　　Jane marched out of the room without saying a word.
　　簡(jiǎn)一言未發(fā)，快步走出了房問。
　　up and down 為固定詞組，其含義之一為“來來回回”：
　　He was worried about his mother and walked up and down in the room.
　　他為他母親擔(dān)心，便在屋里來回走。

　　3．men were running here and there, 人們?cè)跂|奔西跑。
　　here and there 為固定短語，表示“到處”、“四處”：
　　That morning there were policemen here and there.
　　那天上午到處都有警察。
　　They went here and there looking for the lost child.
　　他們到處尋找那個(gè)丟失的孩子。

　　4．…the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed.
　　……戰(zhàn)俘立正站好，并在他們從他面前經(jīng)過時(shí)敬了禮。
　　attention 在此表示“立正姿勢(shì)”。單用“Attention！”表示口令“立正！”“立正站著”則用短語 stand at/to attention表示：
　　The students stood at/to attention while the headmaster made a speech.
　　校長(zhǎng)發(fā)表演說時(shí)學(xué)生們立正站著。

　　詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
　　1．cloth, clothes與clothing
　?。?）cloth 通常指“布”、“布料”，為不可數(shù)名詞：
　　There's enough cloth for a skirt.
　　那布料夠做一條裙子。
　　Do you think the cloth will wear well?
　　你認(rèn)為這布料會(huì)耐穿嗎？
　　cloth 表示“抹布”、“桌布”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞：
　　Wipe up the mess with a cloth.
　　拿塊抹布把那些臟東西擦掉。
　?。?）clothes 表示“衣服”、“服裝”，后面動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
　　My clothes are mostly bought from abroad.
　　我的衣服大部分是從國(guó)外買的。
　　Elizabeth has many/much/a lot of clothes.
　　伊麗莎白有許多衣服。
　?。?）clothing 是服裝的總稱，為不可數(shù)名詞，不僅包括衣服，還包括鞋、帽等：
　　These wooden boxes contained clothing.
　　這些木箱里裝有服裝。
　　He still needs some winter clothing.
　　他還需要一些冬天的衣服。

　　2．salute與greet
　　salute一般指“行軍禮”、“（向……）敬禮”，greet則指平常的“打招呼”、“歡迎”、“迎接”等：
　　The guard saluted as the officers passed.
　　當(dāng)那些軍官們從他面前經(jīng)過時(shí)，衛(wèi)兵敬了禮。
　　The guard saluted the officers.
　　衛(wèi)兵向軍官們敬了禮。
　　When we arrived, the whole family stood up to greet us.
　　當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)，他們?nèi)叶颊酒饋須g迎我們。
　　He greeted Dan with a nod.
　　他向丹點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，算是歡迎。

　　3．clear與clean
　　clear與clean均可作形容詞，詞形也較相似，但含義卻不同。
　?。?）clear可以表示“清澈的”、“明亮的”、“晴朗的”等含義：
　　He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes.
　　他上了年紀(jì)，有雙明亮的藍(lán)眼睛。
　　The water in the river was so clear that you could see fishes swimming in it.
　　河里的水是如此清澈，你都可以看得見各種各樣的魚在游。
　　Seeing that it was a clear day, he drove to the countryside.
　　那天天氣晴朗，他便驅(qū)車去了鄉(xiāng)下。
　　clear還可以表示“清楚的”、“明確的”、“明了的”等：
　　I want to make it clear that I'm not paying the bill.
　　我想說清楚我不會(huì)付這賬單。
　　clear的另一個(gè)含義是“暢通的”、“無障礙的”或“無危險(xiǎn)的”：
　　You can drive fast only when you are on a clear road.
　　只有在暢通的路上你才能把車開快。
　?。?）clean的主要含義是“干凈的”：
　　These cups are not very clean.
　　這些杯子不太干凈。
　　clean還可以表示“無污點(diǎn)的”、“無犯罪歷史的”：
　　He has a clean record.
　　他一貫表現(xiàn)很好（沒有前科）。

Lesson 81 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer