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詞匯精選：bow的用法和辨析
一、詳細(xì)釋義：
adj.
彎曲的，蝴蝶結(jié)形的(英[b??];美[bo?])
例句：
He affects a bow tie.
他喜歡用蝶形領(lǐng)結(jié)。
n.
弓(英[b??];美[bo?])
例句：
The bow twanged and the arrow whistled through the air.
那張弓發(fā)出“崩”的一聲，箭隨之呼嘯而去。
例句：
I tightened the bow, and put rosin on the dry horse-hairs.
我調(diào)試了一下琴弦，緊了緊琴弓，又往干巴巴的馬尾弓上抹了點(diǎn)松香。
鞠躬
例句：
I gave a theatrical bow and waved.
我夸張地鞠了個(gè)躬，然后揮手致意。
例句：
They ran to the center of the tent to take their bows.
他們跑到帳篷中央鞠躬致意。
例句：
I acknowledged his politeness with a bow.
我向他鞠躬還禮。
蝴蝶結(jié)(英[b??];美[bo?])
例句：
I tied a bow in a yellow ribbon.
我在一條黃色緞帶上打了一個(gè)蝴蝶結(jié)。
例句：
She had a bow of red ribbon in her hair.
她的頭發(fā)上有一個(gè)用紅絲帶打的蝴蝶結(jié)。
船首，船頭
例句：
The sea water foams under the bow.
海水在船首下面泛起浪花。
例句：
If they ignore such requests, armed marshals on the ship would fire across their bow.
如果他們忽視這樣的要求，船上的武裝警察將越過(guò)船首開(kāi)火。
琴弓(英[b??];美[bo?])
例句：
I loved the mellow sound of the firm bow drawn across the strings.
我喜歡那繃緊的琴弓拉過(guò)琴弦時(shí)發(fā)出的柔美圓潤(rùn)的聲音。
v.
鞠躬，彎腰 [I,T]
例句：
They bowed low to Louis and hastened out of his way.
他們向路易斯深深鞠躬，并忙不迭地給他讓道。
例句：
Every one bowed as the Queen walked into the room.
女王走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，每個(gè)人都鞠躬致敬。
(使)彎曲 [I,T](英[ba?];美[bo?])
例句：
The pines bowed low.
松樹(shù)深深地彎曲著身子。
例句：
The branches were bowed down with ripened fruit.
樹(shù)枝給成熟的果實(shí)壓彎了。
二、詞義辨析：
curve,bend,bow,crook,twist
這些動(dòng)詞都含“彎、彎曲”之意。 curve指變成曲線或弧線狀的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 bend普通用詞，指把某物變成曲線或角形。用于人時(shí)，指頭部或身軀彎下。 bow指把頭部或上身彎向前方的動(dòng)作，也指社交中的禮節(jié)性動(dòng)作。 crook指不規(guī)則的彎曲，也指按照規(guī)則或模型彎曲某物。 twist指通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)、擰或扭使某物成彎曲狀。
三、相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：
bow out
v. 1. 躬身送(某人)出門 2. 放棄做(某事) 3. 退出，引退，退休
bow tie
n. 蝴蝶結(jié)領(lǐng)結(jié)
take a bow
v. 鞠躬,答謝
bow window
圓肚窗，弓形凸窗
sound bow
聲唇
bow down
鞠躬, 服從
bow leg
弓形腿
cupid's bow
n.愛(ài)神丘比特之弓 上嘴唇向下的尖部
四、參考例句：
He affects a bow tie.
他喜歡用蝶形領(lǐng)結(jié)。
The old leader decided to bow out.
那個(gè)老領(lǐng)導(dǎo)決定退出。
I gave a theatrical bow and waved.
我夸張地鞠了個(gè)躬，然后揮手致意。
They saluted each other with a bow.
他們以鞠躬 互相問(wèn)候。
His bow tie had come undone.
他的領(lǐng)結(jié)松開(kāi)了。
He hunted with bow and arrow.
他用弓箭打獵。
We must bow to the inevitable.
我們必須向必然發(fā)生的事情低頭。
The barge had a rounded bow and stern.
這艘駁船的兩端都是圓形的。
He had a bow and arrow in his hands.
他手持弓箭。
He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.
他微微地鞠了一躬表示對(duì)掌聲的感謝。
one做為代詞的意思和用法
請(qǐng)先看一道題：
He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he
C. one D. which
【分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。此題答案選C，one 相當(dāng)于 a student。類似地，以下各題也選one，它們分別相當(dāng)于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
A. one B. it
C. those D. which
(2)“Why don't we take a little break?” “Didn't we just have _____?”
A. it B. that
C. one D. this
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
A. that B. it
C. one D. what
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can't afford to buy ______.
A. one B. it
C. them D. the one
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one
C. it D. what
so little 還是 such little
用so little還是such little取決于little的意思：若表示數(shù)量方面的“少”，則用so little;若表示形狀體積的“小”，則用such little。如：
He has so little time for reading. 他讀書(shū)的時(shí)間少得可憐。
I've never seen such little boxes. 我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那樣小的盒子。
體會(huì)：
It's no wonder that such little animals eat so little food. 難怪這些小動(dòng)物吃那么少的食物。
This, That, These, Those作為限定詞的用法
作限定詞時(shí)，this和that用于單數(shù)名詞詞組中，名詞詞組既可以是可數(shù)的也可以是不可數(shù)的。 These和those要用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組中。例如：
Whoever had come up with this idea deserved a medal. 無(wú)論是何人提出這個(gè)主意都該獲得獎(jiǎng)牌。
But what happens when all this money is used up? 但當(dāng)這些錢用完以后會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢?
I hope to enjoy that feeling again before too long. 我希望過(guò)不了太久會(huì)重新享受那種感覺(jué)。
Someone put that book there after the murder, to make it look as if he'd been reading when he was killed. 有人在謀殺他之后把那本書(shū)放在那里以造成他在讀書(shū)時(shí)被殺的印象。
These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 這個(gè)椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
You think if those people still have him they'll keep him alive. 如果他還在那些人的手里，你認(rèn)為他們會(huì)留他一條活路嗎?
neither、either、both的用法區(qū)別
一、neither、either、both的用法
1、Neither的用法
1)代詞。意為“兩者中任何一方都不”both的反義詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Neither of the books is mine.
這兩本書(shū)沒(méi)有一本是我的。
2)形容詞。修飾名詞時(shí)，名詞使用單數(shù)。
Neither boy can swim.
兩個(gè)男孩都不會(huì)游泳。
3)連詞。Neither與nor連用：neither—nor— 意為“既不——也不——”連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分(連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近選擇)
Neither he nor I am a teacher.
他和我都不是老師。
2、Either的用法
1)代詞。意為“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Either of us is a student.
2)形容詞。修飾名詞時(shí)，名次使用單數(shù)。
Either boy can swim.
兩個(gè)男孩中有一個(gè)會(huì)游泳。
3)連詞。與or連用：either…or….意為“不是—就是—，要么—要么—，或者—或者—”連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分(連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近選擇)用在否定句中和意思與neither nor 一樣。
Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了。
He doesn't know Germen or French.=He knows neither German nor French.
3、Both的用法
1)代詞。意為“兩者都”和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，放在行為動(dòng)詞前，語(yǔ)法詞之后。與of 連用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
We must both study English well.
Both of us are from America.=We are both Americans.
2)形容詞。修飾名詞時(shí)，名次使用單數(shù)。
There are many trees on the both sides of the road.
3)連詞。both and連用。意為“——兩者都——”連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Both my brother and I are football players.
這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前或第一助動(dòng)詞之后。
二、neither、either、both的區(qū)別
neither、either、both的區(qū)別有以下幾種情況:
1、 both (兩者都)，either(兩者中任何一個(gè))， neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個(gè)人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。
2、both，either
both與復(fù)數(shù)連用，either與單數(shù)連用。
Both the boys are clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.(兩岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的兩邊)
路邊長(zhǎng)滿了野花。
3、either指兩者中的任何一個(gè)，neither指兩者都不。作代詞時(shí)，either, neither一般接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。作限定詞時(shí)，一般加單數(shù)名詞。
例：
Either of them will be appointed Minister of Finance.Neither of the two speaks English well.You must not favor either side in the dispute.In neither case can I agree with you.
4、either…or表示兩個(gè)或多個(gè)選擇中的一項(xiàng)。neither…nor表示“既不，也不”。either…or, neither…nor連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。
例：
He neither knows nor cares what has happened.Neither he nor I have met such a beautiful girl before.He must be either mad or drunk.Either she or you are to be blamed for what has happened.
5、either表示也不，用于否定句。(too表示“也”，用于肯定句。)
例：
I don't like the yellow shirt, I don't like the green one, either.
6、neither可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句，表示和前面的情況一致，而且前面為否定句。
例：
The organization had broken no rules, but______had it acted responsibly.
A) neither
B) so
C) either
D) both
neither引導(dǎo)倒裝句，表示和前面的否定情況一致。so引導(dǎo)倒裝句，表示和前面的肯定情況一致。either表示兩者中的一個(gè)，both表示兩者都。答案為A.
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