今天和大家一起學習一下art用法,快來一起學習吧,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
藝術瑰寶:art的用法大全
So,if I asked you about art,you'd probably give me the skinny on Every art book ever written.Michelangelo.You know a lot about him:life's work,political aspirations,him and the Pope,sexual orientation,the whole works,right?
——Good Will Hunting
所以問你藝術,你可能會提出藝術書籍中的粗淺論調,有關米開朗基羅,你知道很多,他的政治抱負、他和教皇…性向,所有作品,對嗎?
——《心靈捕手》
一、你知道art有幾種含義嗎?
n.
1.藝術;美術 [U] the use of the imagination to express ideas or feelings
The paintings were shown at the Art Gallery.
這些畫曾在美術館展出。
2.美術品;藝術品 [U] examples of objects such as paintings, drawings or sculptures
There has never been an exhibition of African Art ever held in our small town.
在我們小鎮(zhèn)上從沒舉辦過非洲美術品展覽。
3.人文科學;文科;藝術學科 the subjects you can study at school or university which are not scientific, such as languages, history or literature
She received a bachelor's degree in arts in 1974.
她于一九七四年獲文學士學位。
4.技術,技藝;技巧 [U,C] an ability or a skill that you can develop with training and practice
Language teaching is both a science and art.
語言教學既是一門科學也是一門技藝。
二、你知道art和哪些詞更搭嗎?
art gallery
美術館,畫廊
pop art
n. 流行藝術
art deco
藝術裝飾
art critic
藝術批評家
art nouveau
n.新藝術主義 (art nouveau) n. (流行于十九世紀末的)新藝術
三、接下來,做個小測試鞏固一下
Politics cannot be equated with ___.
政治不能同藝術等同起來。
那些簡單單詞表達出的絕妙意境關于art的一些用法
本詞太常見,以至于我們或許只認得它的一個意思“藝術”。如果你深入了解這個詞之后,會再一次震撼于這些語言中簡單詞匯所“滲漏”出的那種難以表達清楚的意境。進入到高二選修6,這個詞出現(xiàn)在第一單元的標題中,就是ART。雖說從詞匯學習的角度看,這個詞并不是重點,也不是難點,但是,從學情來看,學生對“熟詞生義”這個方面的鞏固與提升還有空間,因此,本期“簡單詞的絕妙意境”就來介紹這個詞.
先看劍橋詞典中對這個詞的第一個解釋:
the making of objects, images, music, etc. thatare beautiful or that express feelings這個解釋的意思是那些包括雕塑、繪畫、音樂等的制造品就屬于“藝術”的范疇。
這個解釋的重點劍橋詞典給出的例句有:
Can television and pop music really beconsidered art?
電視和流行音樂真的能被當作藝術嗎?
I enjoyed the ballet, but it wasn't reallygreat art.
我很喜歡這齣芭蕾舞劇,但它藝術性不高。
當然,那些凡是跟“美”的事物有關,又與人想要借助這樣的“美”表達自己的想法和思想的物品,乃至活動都可以被稱為藝術。例如:Drama is an art that is traditionally performedin a theatre.戲劇是一門通常在劇院表演的藝術。
當這個詞變成復數(shù)名詞arts的時候,意思有了“擴張”。
首先,如果在它的前面有the這個定冠詞的時候,它很有可能意味著是“繪畫、表演、舞蹈、音樂等藝術的總稱”,用英文解釋就是:the making or showing or performance ofpainting, acting, dancing, and music;有下列例句供大家學習掌握:
More government money is needed for the arts.
政府需要撥更多的資金來支持藝術。
public interest in the arts 公眾對藝術的興趣
另外一個意思更有點意思,在英文詞典里是這樣解釋的:subjects, such as history, languages, andliterature, that are not scientific subjects解釋過來,就是“人文科學”,或者是“文科”。有這樣的例句可以幫助大家學習:
At school I was quite good at arts, buthopeless at science.
上學時,我很擅長文科,但是理科卻無可救藥。
Children should be given a well-balancededucation in both the arts and the sciences.
兒童應該接受文理兼願的均衡完善的教育。
arts graduates/degrees 文科畢業(yè)生/學位
這個單詞還有“技巧”的含義。這一點跟中文很相似。中文說某人說話做事很有“藝術性”,無非就是想說這個人很會做這個事,或者很會說話,懂得其中的技巧。用英文解釋就是:a skill or special ability,中文的意思是“技術,技巧;本領”,例如下面的例子:
the art of conversation 說話技巧
Getting him to go out is quite an art (= needsspecial skill).
想讓他出門交際可得好好動動腦筋。
最后跟大家分享兩句來自中國日報的有使用art這個詞的句子,順便了解更多關于art的信息:
The museum has recorded remarkable achievementsin research areas including the paleontology[①]and ancient humans, painted pottery, great walls culture and communicationbetween China and the West, bamboo slips, Buddhist grottoes art, West Xia Dynasty characters and history, andancient calligraphy[②]art.[③]
這一段講的是“這家博物館在很多研究領域中都有輝煌成就,像古生物學和古人類、彩陶、中西方之間的城墻文化和交流、竹簡、佛教石窟藝術、西夏文字和歷史,以及古代書法藝術等等?!边@個句子里所講的博物館是甘肅省博物館,一座堪稱中國遠古文化集萃之館。從這個句子中,不僅感受到art這個詞豐富的內涵,更重要的是學會了好多陌生的單詞。這對英語學習者來說,不無益處。
Linxia brick carving (also known as Hezhoubrick carving) is a form of applied art typically seen on architecture.[④]
巧合的是,這個英語句子講的也是甘肅的文化,不過可能很多人不了解這個藝術形式。這里說的是“臨夏磚刻藝術,也稱河州磚刻藝術,它是一種典型的建筑實用藝術。”
學習英語需要靠學習者的長久堅持,唯有堅持,才能夠獲得這門外語帶給人的樂趣。如果是我現(xiàn)在所教的學生,那么堅持學習中把對這個世界的了解當作其中的重要一個樂趣,也是能夠不斷取得好成績的一個辦法。曾經(jīng)聽一位同事講,他的英語在高一時還很爛,后來發(fā)奮圖強,每天早上五點起床,使出那種“舍得一身剮敢把皇帝拉下馬”的勇猛精神,最后在高考中突破到130分!這種學習精神就是我們說的“苦學”,這里面有一股強有力的意志力在支撐他。
其實,所有學科都需要這樣。
動名詞復合結構的用法
帶有邏輯主語的動名詞叫做“動名詞復合結構”,其形式有如下兩種:a)名詞所有格/物主代詞+動名詞,如:
I insist on Mary's going there. 我堅持要瑪麗到那兒去。
I had not heard of your being ill. 我沒聽說你病了。
b)名詞通格/人稱代詞賓格+動名詞,如:
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lessons repeated at the top of the children's voices could be heard out in the street. In fact, I think it's very much nicer without him, if you don't mind me saying so.
在確定邏輯主語的格的形式時須注意以下幾點:
1) 動名詞復合結構作主語時一般用名詞所有格或物主代詞。例如:
Nixon's visiting China marked a new ear between U.S. and China
diplomatic relations. 尼克松訪問中國標志著中美外交關系進入一個新的時代。
2) 在口語和非正式語體中,只要不是作主語,動名詞復合結構中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。例如:
The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.代夫并不反對我偶爾吃一點肉。
3) 如果邏輯主語是一個短語或有修飾語, 一般用名詞通格或人稱代詞的賓格的形式。例如:
The teacher insisted on the boy who threw the eraser apologizing.
老師支持要那個扔掉刷子的男孩道歉。
I insist on both of them coming in time. 我堅持要他們兩人準時來。
Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us last year?
4)無生命的事物名詞作邏輯主語時一般采用通格形式。例如:
The suggestion of the meeting being put off was not adopted by the chairman.延期召開會議的建議沒有被主席采納。
1)-s 結尾的復數(shù)名詞作邏輯主語時一般用通格。例如:
The librarian wouldn't like his books being earmarked.圖書管理員不喜歡書角被折。
2)集合名詞、單復數(shù)同形的名詞或變化不規(guī)則的復數(shù)名詞作邏輯主語并同動名詞一起作賓語時,一般用通格。例如:
was surprised at the children playing in the street yesterday.
3)不定代詞或批示代詞作動名詞的邏輯主語時,一般不用或很少用所有格形式。例如:He was awaken
by someone knocking on the window.
I object to that being said about me.我反對那樣說我。
4)it作邏輯主語時用賓格或所有格均可,但指時間時用賓格。例如:She was worried about
the little bird:she was frightened of it/its building a nest in the
chimney. 她很為小鳥擔憂,為它在煙囪中筑巢而感到害怕。
A:Why, it's eleven o'clock already.
B:I'm surprised at it being so late.
2.動名詞復合結構的功能
1) 作主語
His/He coming home late worries his other.
John's /John coming here will get us out of trouble.約翰的到來將會使我們脫離困境。
2) 作動詞或短語動詞的賓語
I don't remember him/his giving me that book. 我記得他給過我那本書。
Do you mind my smoking?我抽煙你介意嗎?
I would appreciate back this afternoon.(MET'92,答案是C)
A.you to call B.you call
C.your calling D.you're calling
Her parents insisted on her studying medicine. 她父母堅持要她學醫(yī)。
Have you heard of my sister's winning the contest? 我妹妹在競賽中獲勝的事你聽說了嗎?
[在上述例句中,動名詞前的邏輯主語與句子主語不同。 如果主語相同,則不用邏輯主語,只用動名詞。試比較:
I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.(NMET'94)
3) 作介詞賓語
I don't like the idea of our living here. 我不愿意我們住在這里。
I knew nothing about the window being open.我一點也不知道窗戶敞開著。
He left the city without our knowing it 他離開城市我們大家都不知道。.
4) 作表語
What is most important is Tom's going there at once.
The main trouble is their not having enough money.
賓語從句講解
1.語序
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序,即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:
1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?
2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。
3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充當任何成分)等。如:
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?
4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個班嗎?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。
2.連接詞
1)當由陳述句充當賓語從句時,用that引導,that無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。
2)當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時,用if或whether引導,意為“是否”。如:
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。
但在下列情況下只能用whether:
I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。
②在介詞之后用whether。如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔心是否傷了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。
④whether置于句首時,不能換用if。如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。
⑤引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。
⑥若用if會引起歧義時,則用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:
a.Please let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。
b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請告訴我。
3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎?
3.時態(tài)
含賓語從句的復合句,主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應應包括以下三點內容:
1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要,選用相應的任何時態(tài)。如:
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。
2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要,選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如:
①The children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。
②He asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。
3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習慣性動作等,不管主句用什么時態(tài),從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉。
4.注意:
if和when既可以引導賓語從句,也可以引導狀語從句,應注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導賓語從句時,分別意為“是否”和“何時”,其時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應;它們引導狀語從句時,意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當……時候”,當主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時,其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如:
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎?
—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.對不起,不知道。當他回來了,我將告訴你。
—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。
—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會來的。
①在具有選擇意義,又有or或or not時,尤其是直接與or not連用時,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來。
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