Be動(dòng)詞的用法歸納,你知道哪些?快來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
Be動(dòng)詞的用法歸納
be是一個(gè)多功能動(dòng)詞，在初級(jí)英語(yǔ)里可見(jiàn)四種用法：
功能一，系動(dòng)詞Be
be為連系動(dòng)詞，中心詞義是"是"，句型為"主+系+表"結(jié)構(gòu)。be的形式常用am, is, are(現(xiàn)在式);was, were(過(guò)去式);will/can/may/must be(助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形);have/has/had been(助動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞)等。如：
To help animals is helping people.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般將來(lái)時(shí))
She has been ill for over a week.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
功能二，助動(dòng)詞Be
助動(dòng)詞be，無(wú)詞義，輔助主要?jiǎng)釉~一起在句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。用法如下：
1. be+doing：構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，有現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去兩種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
如：
The girls is reading and copying the new words now.
Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.
2. be+done：構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，done必須是及物動(dòng)詞)。
如：
Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
This building was built three years ago.(一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
That is a day never to be forgotten.(動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
3. be+going to do，表示"打算或?qū)⒁瞿呈?quot;，be有現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去兩種形式。
如：
We are going to plant trees in the park.
I didn't know if she was going to come here.
4. be+to do，表示"按計(jì)劃安排將要做某事"。如：
The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.
One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.
功能三，There be
there be句式為：there be+主語(yǔ)部分+狀語(yǔ)部分，表示"某處存在某物"，be常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)等。
如：
Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.
There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.
Will there be a football match in your school next week?
功能四，實(shí)義Be
可以將be視為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗哂袑?shí)際的詞義，如"成為;做;發(fā)生;舉行;逗留;到達(dá)"等。
如：
His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.
Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.
Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.
As的用法——我們給的就是實(shí)用的
一、作副詞，意為“相同地”，“同樣地”。例如：
They don’t have as many airplanes. 他們沒(méi)有同樣多的飛機(jī)。
二、作連詞，
1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
as與when，while都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞，含義都是"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"。但它們有區(qū)別:
(1). when作“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”解，可以指較短的(一點(diǎn))時(shí)間,也可指一段時(shí)間。從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:
John was having his dinner when I saw him. 當(dāng)我看到約翰的時(shí)候，他正在吃飯。
She can write only when the baby is asleep. 只有嬰兒睡著的時(shí)候，她才能寫(xiě)作。
(2). while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過(guò)程，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在從句動(dòng)作過(guò)程中發(fā)生。例如:
We must strike while the iron is hot. 要趁熱打鐵。
While we were reading, the teacher came in. 我們正在讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
(3). 但屬下列情形時(shí)，只用as, 而不用when或while。
① 用于表示同一個(gè)人的兩種動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行,指“一邊……,一邊……”。例如:
The girl dances as she sings on the stage.那個(gè)女孩在舞臺(tái)邊唱歌邊跳舞。
He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 當(dāng)他朝前走時(shí)，不時(shí)地向后看。
② 表示兩個(gè)同步發(fā)展的動(dòng)作或行為,譯為“隨著……”。例如:
As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. 隨著時(shí)間的流逝，她變得越來(lái)越焦慮。
As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 隨著他年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他變得更有才智了。
③ 表示兩個(gè)短促行為或事件幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如:
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 恰好在你開(kāi)口時(shí)，我想到了它。
Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. 恰巧在飛蟲(chóng)撞到她臉上時(shí)，她大哭起來(lái)。
2. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
as，because，since都可以表示因果關(guān)系，連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句，含義是“因?yàn)?，由于”，但它們有區(qū)別：because表示的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng);as一般放在句首，語(yǔ)氣較弱，較口語(yǔ)化;since常常用在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，表示多為對(duì)方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有時(shí)可譯作“既然”。例如：
I do it because I like it. 我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。
Since many of the customers work during the day, Billy has to collect the money at night. 因?yàn)樵S多顧客白天上班,所以畢利只好晚上去收錢(qián)。
As she has been ill perhaps she'll need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些幫助。
3. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
as與although (或though)，however (或no matter how)等都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，含義是“雖然，盡管”，但它們有區(qū)別：although語(yǔ)氣稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用 but，但可以用yet;as所表示的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序;however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它的后面可跟形容詞或副詞，也要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：
Although they are poor they are happy. 雖然他們很窮，但很快樂(lè)。
Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly. 雖然他很生氣，但是他講話很平靜。
However hard the question is, he can answer it. 不管問(wèn)題有多難他都能回答。
注意：當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子的倒裝語(yǔ)序有以下三種形式：
(1). 形容詞或副詞+as+主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞be或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞。例如：
Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes. 雖然他很富有，但他從不花一分錢(qián)在衣服上。
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不聰明的。
(2). 名詞+as+主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞be (注意句首的名詞不帶冠詞)。例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但懂很多事情。
Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，但卻被立為國(guó)王。
(3). 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞[如果沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞，則要加上一個(gè)do(does或did)]。例如：
Try as he may, he never succeeds. 盡管他很努力，但總是不成功。
Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support. 即使你改變主意，你也不會(huì)得到另外的支持。
4. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如”，“像”，“按照……的方式”。如:
I want you to tell my friend your very interesting experience exactly as you have told it to me. 我想讓你像給我講述的那樣，給我的朋友講一講你那段極其有趣的經(jīng)歷。
Remember, you must do everything as I do. 記住，你必須按照我做的那樣做一切。
注意：like在非正式語(yǔ)體中可以有與as相同的用法。如：
I can’t sing like I used to.我不能像以前那樣唱歌了。
He writes just like his brother did when he was young. 他現(xiàn)在寫(xiě)文章正像他哥哥年輕時(shí)寫(xiě)文章一樣。
5. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,用于“as...as...或 not so/ as...as...”中,前一個(gè)as是副詞,后一個(gè)as是連詞，意為“如(不如)…一樣”。如:
(1). You hate her as much as I (=as I hate her).
(2). I don't speak English so/ as well as he does.
注意：句中連詞as后面的代詞實(shí)際是省略了與主句相同的部分，即例(1)可以寫(xiě)成You hate her as much as I hate her. 如果很明顯就能看出所省略的部分，意義不會(huì)含糊不清時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中也可以用代詞的賓格形式。例：At your age you can’t expect to play football as well as me (= as I do).但例(1)就不能改I為me，改后意思就變?yōu)椋篩ou hate her as much as you hate me. 你恨她像恨我一樣深;而原句的意思為：你恨她像我恨她一樣深。
三、作代詞
as作關(guān)系代詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以與其他詞連用，其用法要比that和 which更為復(fù)雜。
1. as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句與其他詞連用
(1). 用于the same...as結(jié)構(gòu)中
This is the same watch as I have lost. 這塊手表跟我丟失的那塊一樣。
(2). 用于such...as結(jié)構(gòu)中
I don’t like such novels as you recommend. 我不喜歡你推薦的那些小說(shuō)。
(3). 用于"so +adj. + a/an + n. (單數(shù)) + as "結(jié)構(gòu)中
I am not so strong a man as I was. 我已經(jīng)沒(méi)有從前那么強(qiáng)壯了。
2. as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)。例如：
(1) She is late, as is often the case. 她遲到了，這是經(jīng)常的事。(先行詞是整個(gè)主句)
(2) To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. 對(duì)事實(shí)視而不見(jiàn)--你們好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行詞是不定式短語(yǔ))
注意1：(1). 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句之前時(shí)，as從句所修飾的范圍是整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，也就是說(shuō)，把否定意義也包括在內(nèi)。例如：
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 正如前面所說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法不是一套死條文。
(2). 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句之后時(shí)，as從句所修飾的范圍不包括否定意義。例如：
Spiders are not insects, as many people think. = Spiders are not insects. But many people think they are. 許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲(chóng)，但蜘蛛并不是昆蟲(chóng)。
(3). 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句中間時(shí)，as從句所修飾的范圍也不包括否定意義。例如：
She did not, as her friend had feared, open the case. 她沒(méi)有打開(kāi)盒子，而她的朋友就是怕她當(dāng)面打開(kāi)盒子。
注意2: 當(dāng)修飾句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位于句尾時(shí)，as可以用which來(lái)替代。例如：
I live a long way from work, as (which) you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠(yuǎn)，這你是知道的。
但是，當(dāng)as從句位于句首或句中是，as就不能用which來(lái)替代了。例如：
As you will find out, I will never let you down. 你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我絕不會(huì)使你失望的。
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. 你們知道，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。
此外，如果主句為否定句，則位于句末和句中的as從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義，此時(shí)，as也不能用while來(lái)替代。例如：
Greenland was not a continent, as people thought. 格陵蘭并不像人們所想象的那樣是一個(gè)大陸。
四、作介詞，
1. 表示 “好像(某人)”，例如:
They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他們化裝成清潔工人的模樣進(jìn)入大樓。
2. 表示“作為，當(dāng)作”，例如：
I found a job as a teacher. 我找了一份教師的工作。
3. 表示“當(dāng)某人是(某身份)時(shí)。例如：
As a child, she was sent to three different countries. 她兒時(shí)去過(guò)三個(gè)不同的國(guó)家。
4. 表示“因某人是(某身份)”，例如：
As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘書(shū)，能接觸到她所有的信件。
注意1：as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)大多用作狀語(yǔ)，as譯為"作為"，少數(shù)情況可引起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:
As a Party member, I'll take the lead in everything. (狀語(yǔ))
She works as a nurse. (狀語(yǔ))
Tom has me as one of his best friends. (引起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
注意2：as和like都可以作介詞，但意義不同。as表示“以實(shí)際的身份或地位”。 like則表示“與…相似，以與…相類似的方式”。例如：
(1). He spoke as a teacher.
(2). He spoke like a teacher.
句(1)的意思是：“他作為老師發(fā)言”或“他以老師的身份發(fā)言”。句(2)的意思是：“他講話很像是老師”。
五、用于一些固定搭配
1. as good as差不多，幾乎
Don’t worry, the matter’s as good as settled. 別擔(dān)心，問(wèn)題差不多已經(jīng)解決了。
When the car was repaired, it looked as good as new. 這輛汽車修理好的時(shí)候，看起來(lái)差不多就像新的一樣。
2. as if /as though 似乎;好像
He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他裝著若無(wú)其事的樣子。
She treats him as though he was her own son. 她待他好像待自己的兒子一樣。
另外，as if可以接一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。例如：
He waved his hand to me as if to have something to tell me. 他向我揮手好像有什么要告訴我。
3. as well as 同(一樣也);和;還
Joan can speak Chinese as well as English. 瓊能講英語(yǔ)還能講漢語(yǔ)。
He spent all his money, as well as wasting his time. 他不僅浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間，還花光了他所有的錢(qián)。
4. such...as, such as 像……這樣的
I bought a lot of fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on. 我買了許多種水果，像蘋(píng)果，桔子，香蕉等。
We had such books as you never saw. 我們有一些你從未看過(guò)的書(shū)。
5. as for 至于某人(某事物)
We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for the traffic, we had no difficulty. 在鄉(xiāng)下我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)愉快的周末。至于交通，我們沒(méi)遇到任何困難。
6. as to 關(guān)于某事物;提到某事物
I don't know anything as to the others. 至于其他，我一無(wú)所知。
7. so as to ... 以便, 為了
Students should take notes so as to make revision easier. 學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)記筆記，以便容易復(fù)習(xí)。
8. as a matter of fact 其實(shí);實(shí)際上
As a matter of fact, I’m very fond of housework. 其實(shí)，我很喜歡做家務(wù)。
9. as a result 結(jié)果 (發(fā)生某種情況)
As a result， he had been given an excellent job. 結(jié)果，他得到了一份極好的工作。
10. as long as 只要
You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back. 只要你答應(yīng)歸還，你就可以把這書(shū)借走。
總之，通過(guò)以上的分析，我們對(duì)as的詞性和用法有了比較全面的理解和把握，才能在實(shí)際的運(yùn)用中做到心中有數(shù)，應(yīng)付自如。
鞏固練習(xí)
1. She had a tense expression on her face, ________she were expecting trouble.
A. even though B. even as C. as though D. now that
2. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, ________was to be expected.
A. that B. what C. so D. as
3. ________might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A. As B. That C. It D. What
4. Americans eat ________as they actually need every day.
A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much
C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much
5. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ________by his lack of talent.
A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as
6. Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ________a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.
A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as
7. ________he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment. A. As soon as B. So far as C. As well as D. As long as
8. ________the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel and almost everything.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As soon as D. As well as
Key: 1-5 CDAAD 6-8 DDD
dare 該如何使用?
關(guān)于dare這個(gè)詞的詞性一直是一個(gè)疑惑，普遍認(rèn)為它可以作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。但是牛津詞典上似乎也沒(méi)有說(shuō)明它可以做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。但無(wú)論詞性如何，用法是一定的。
你說(shuō)的那兩句的用法是一樣的，dare在否定句中后面加帶to或者不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。第一句是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二句是帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。兩種用法無(wú)區(qū)別，都可以。
參見(jiàn)《牛津用于用法指南 Practical English Usage》第151條 第2項(xiàng) 第1款：
當(dāng)然也可以看到還有其他用法，比如常用的搭配 dare say，表示：認(rèn)為很可能，以及donot you dare,how dare you等固定搭配，記住就好。特別地，有一個(gè)dare sb to do sth.，表示鼓動(dòng)對(duì)方做嚇人的事情，類似于中文的“諒你也不敢”。還有對(duì)于不敢可以用“daren't”加不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，其三單形式依然是“daren't”。這些固定用法很少，其他情況下現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)一般不用dare。
所以不用太過(guò)糾結(jié)dare這個(gè)詞的詞性，知道這幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)固定的用法就行。希望對(duì)你有幫助
