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英語(yǔ)翻譯翻譯技巧:口譯最容易出錯(cuò)的經(jīng)典句子

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英語(yǔ)翻譯考試中,口譯是個(gè)不可忽視的部分。沒(méi)有人覺(jué)得它不重要,都明白它的意義。下面小編就和大家分享英語(yǔ)口譯考試的高分技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

英語(yǔ)口譯考試的高分技巧

技巧一:解釋 (explanation)

如果你查字典的話,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),口譯這個(gè)詞的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)interpretation, 就是“解釋”的意思,所以口譯說(shuō)到底就是在做一件事“解釋”,把意思解釋明白就是口譯員的職責(zé)?!翱谧g”不可能像“筆譯”那樣做到“雅”,因?yàn)榭谧g是即席的(impromptu),譯員不可能找個(gè)安靜的地方仔細(xì)推敲譯文。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在考試過(guò)程中,很多考生都不屑用一些簡(jiǎn)單的詞來(lái)解釋意思,而是用一些自己認(rèn)為的“高級(jí)”詞匯,似乎覺(jué)得這樣才能獲得考官的好感,其實(shí),在很多情況下,考生所用的這些難詞,往往不是讀音錯(cuò)了,就是搭配出了問(wèn)題。所以,在考試的時(shí)候,用簡(jiǎn)單的詞把意思說(shuō)清楚就可以了,當(dāng)然,用“高級(jí)”詞也可以,可前提是不出錯(cuò)。筆者還發(fā)現(xiàn),在考試過(guò)程中,很多考生總是被“語(yǔ)言形式”所嚇住,比如四字格,古詩(shī)詞等,其實(shí)在遇到這些情況的時(shí)候,我們武器就是“解釋”,下面我們一起來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子:

中國(guó)古代有種舞,就是驅(qū)鬼逐疫的祭祀儀式上跳的舞。

In ancient China, there was a form of dance which was performed at ritual ceremonies to frighten off the ghosts and to relieve people of epidemics.

當(dāng)考生們看到“驅(qū)鬼逐疫”的時(shí)候,大可不必驚慌,一定要冷靜。先在腦子里把“驅(qū)鬼逐疫”解釋一下,意思就是“讓鬼和疾病都遠(yuǎn)離人們”,接著再口譯就比較輕松了。

近一時(shí)期,國(guó)際上發(fā)生了許多大事,上至政治家,下至老百姓,都無(wú)法視而不見(jiàn),充耳不聞。

Some major events have taken place in recent months. None of us, from politicians to people in the street, can afford to overlook.

“都無(wú)法視而不見(jiàn),充耳不聞?!钡囊馑季褪恰安荒芎鲆暋保赃@里大可不必費(fèi)力的翻譯成“turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to”, 只要翻譯成 “overlook”. “neglect” 等詞就可以了。

北京,這座古老而充滿活力的城市,正以鏗鏘的步伐昂首闊步邁向國(guó)際現(xiàn)代化大都市之列。

Beijing, an energetic city with a long history, is now becoming/ rising to become one of the world’s modern metropolises.

聽(tīng)到這樣的句子,對(duì)于練習(xí)較少的考生來(lái)說(shuō),肯定會(huì)被“鏗鏘”、“昂首闊步”搞得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。其實(shí),原文的意思也就是“北京正在成為一個(gè)國(guó)際大都市”。

不知道大家發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有,我們?cè)诮忉尩耐瑫r(shí)其實(shí)還在做一件事,就是“簡(jiǎn)化”原文。這是必然的,要解釋一個(gè)概念,我們往往都會(huì)選擇較簡(jiǎn)單的文字。這也是listener-friendly的一種做法,在口譯實(shí)戰(zhàn)中,讓聽(tīng)者明白譯文是最重要的。由此,我們也總結(jié)出一條口譯原則就是KISS(keep it simple but not stupid).提醒大家注意,在簡(jiǎn)化的同時(shí)千萬(wàn)不要犯傻。如:“秋高氣爽,丹桂飄香”有人就譯成 “The sky is high and people feel good. The smell of Guihua is good.” 這種譯文真是讓人啼笑皆非。“秋高氣爽”的意思就是:“秋天天氣晴朗,氣候涼爽”。譯成 the weather in autumn is fine 即可。“丹桂飄香”的意思就是“到處可以聞到桂花的香味”,這里如果“桂花”不會(huì)譯,可以簡(jiǎn)化成flower ,但絕不能簡(jiǎn)化到拼音Guihua 的程度。這個(gè)詞組可譯成the scent of flower can be smelled everywhere. 其實(shí),這兩句并在一起,還可以做更簡(jiǎn)單的口譯:in the golden season of autumn.

技巧二:運(yùn)用常識(shí) (common sense)

在CATTI口譯考試的時(shí)候,筆者經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn),考生常常會(huì)犯一些常識(shí)性的錯(cuò)誤。其實(shí),這些錯(cuò)誤,冷靜思考是絕對(duì)不可能犯的。

The most spectacular sights of the Yellowstone Park: the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. It’s 37 km long and 366 meters deep.

這里“黃石公園的大峽谷”應(yīng)該是37公里長(zhǎng),很多考生考試的時(shí)候答成37米。大峽谷只有37米長(zhǎng)?答題的時(shí)候稍微用點(diǎn)常識(shí),就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。

South of the canyon lies Yellowstone Lake, one of the world’s largest fresh water lakes. Don’t plan on going for a dip-the water is too cold!

請(qǐng)大家注意斜體部分,第一處斜體Yellowstone Lake,有考生翻譯成“科羅拉多湖”,這里很明顯是沒(méi)聽(tīng)清原文就瞎猜,如果對(duì)于“黃石公園”有所了解的話,就不會(huì)猜得那么不靠譜了。第二處斜體,freshwater lakes有考生譯成“新鮮水湖”。有“新鮮水湖”這個(gè)名詞嗎?根據(jù)常識(shí),最有可能翻譯成什么呢?對(duì),應(yīng)該是“淡水湖”。第三處斜體部分dip應(yīng)該怎么翻譯?很多考生沒(méi)譯出來(lái),dip的原意是“浸、泡”,在根據(jù)上下文以及常識(shí)推測(cè),這里的意思應(yīng)該是“游泳”。

技巧三:運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單句型及斷句

在口譯考試的時(shí)候碰到些長(zhǎng)句是不可避免,不過(guò)大家別慌,我們總有辦法化解,這方面我們要向給溫總理做口譯的譯員學(xué)習(xí)。筆者最近對(duì)溫總理今年三月份的記者招待會(huì)做了全文聽(tīng)寫,頗有收獲??偫碇v話包括記者提問(wèn),很多都是長(zhǎng)句,可是譯員的譯文一點(diǎn)都不花哨,最常用的三個(gè)句型居然是:if…then…(在筆譯中,then一般都是會(huì)被省去的,這里譯員完全是按照中文里的“如果…那么…”的句型口譯),not only…but also…;on the one hand…on the other hand。而且,把長(zhǎng)句斷句的情況也屢見(jiàn)不鮮。在譯員的口譯中,基本是看不見(jiàn)從句或是分詞的蹤影,即便是要連接兩個(gè)句子,也基本上是用的and或是but這樣的詞。請(qǐng)考生看下面幾個(gè)例子:

去年下半年以來(lái),物價(jià)上漲過(guò)快,給群眾生活,特別是低收入群體帶來(lái)很大的困難。

In last year, particularly the latter part of last year, the price level rose excessively. This has made the lives of people, particularly those low income groups more difficult.

這個(gè)句子并不長(zhǎng),后半句完全可以用一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句接上去,可是譯員卻做了斷句的處理。筆者認(rèn)為,譯員之所以沒(méi)有用定語(yǔ)從句是為了讓聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)得更清楚,因?yàn)槁?tīng)眾在聽(tīng)定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候,往往要多費(fèi)腦筋,有的時(shí)候還搞不清楚在修飾哪個(gè)詞。

但是中國(guó)是一個(gè)有13億人口的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,我們還必須保持經(jīng)濟(jì)有一定的發(fā)展速度來(lái)解決就業(yè)的壓力,通過(guò)發(fā)展解決前進(jìn)中的問(wèn)題。

At the same time we need to bear in mind that china is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. We must ensure that our economy continues to grow at a proper way in order to ease the pressure on employment and in this way we will properly address the problems on our way ahead through further development.

在這句話中,譯員在“發(fā)展中國(guó)家”處斷開(kāi)了。其實(shí),這句話也可以譯成因果句,As China is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, we must……,筆者認(rèn)為譯成因果句使得上下文更連貫,可是這里譯員并沒(méi)有這么處理,可能是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)壓力大,根本來(lái)不及仔細(xì)思考。這樣的例子在記者招待會(huì)中還有很多,所以,筆者在這里大膽地建議考生們,在聽(tīng)到長(zhǎng)句時(shí),不妨就分割成幾個(gè)小句,這樣不僅降低了長(zhǎng)句的難度,而且還不易出錯(cuò)。

對(duì)于追求譯文elegance的人來(lái)說(shuō),看到這些譯文恐怕會(huì)大失所望。其實(shí),如果你覺(jué)得失望的話,這說(shuō)明你對(duì)口譯和筆譯的差異還不了解,在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)壓力之下,口譯追求elegance是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的,國(guó)家級(jí)的口譯員尚且做不到這一點(diǎn),更何況我們呢?所以,這里要給各位考生提個(gè)醒,切忌追求花哨的句型,考官不會(huì)因?yàn)槟阌昧嘶ㄉ诘木湫徒o你加分,或是簡(jiǎn)單的句型給你扣分,他注意的是你有沒(méi)有把意思翻譯出來(lái),而且,你用了復(fù)雜句型后,即使翻譯對(duì)了,讓人聽(tīng)起來(lái)也會(huì)很吃力,我們最好要做到listener-friendly,站在考官的角度上想想吧。

下面我們?cè)賮?lái)分析真題中的幾個(gè)句子:

不同社會(huì)制度和文化傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)家,只要以各國(guó)人民的根本利益為重,彼此尊重,相互包容,就完全能夠超越意識(shí)形態(tài)差別,在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上共同發(fā)展。

Countries with different social systems and cultural traditions can transcend ideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence provided that they give priority to their people’s fundamental interests and respect and tolerate each other.

這里的參考譯文中用了provided that…巧妙地把“只要….相互包容”譯成了條件句,譯文連貫自然。但在實(shí)際的考試過(guò)程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考生理不清分句之間的關(guān)系,更不用說(shuō)調(diào)整語(yǔ)序了。其實(shí),在口譯考試過(guò)程中,要調(diào)整語(yǔ)序的話,一定是不得已而為之的事,筆者不建議考生在考試的時(shí)候調(diào)整語(yǔ)序,盡量順著原句的語(yǔ)序說(shuō)下來(lái),適當(dāng)斷句,這樣是最節(jié)省“腦力”的方法。

所以,這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句可以改譯成:

Countries with different social systems and cultural traditions must give priority to their people’s fundamental interests and respect and tolerate each other. Finally, those countries can transcend ideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

改譯后的句子恐怕讓原句的連貫性受到一些干擾,但這也是沒(méi)要辦法的事,在口譯中追求完美是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

Chinese communities are thriving in many American urban centers, and their reputation as a model minority has aroused further interest in this distant land, which is so vastly different.

許多美國(guó)城市的華人社區(qū)一片繁榮,并且享有模范少數(shù)民族的美譽(yù),這讓美國(guó)人對(duì)這個(gè)和他們的文化大相徑庭的遙遠(yuǎn)國(guó)度產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。

參考譯文中,把最后的定語(yǔ)從句前置了,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考生其實(shí)并不具備在短時(shí)間內(nèi)聽(tīng)出定語(yǔ)從句,并完美翻譯出來(lái)的能力。所以,在這里比較省事的方法恐怕是把這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句和主句斷開(kāi)。這句話可改譯成:許多美國(guó)城市的華人社區(qū)一片繁榮,并且享有模范少數(shù)民族的美譽(yù),這讓美國(guó)人對(duì)這個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)過(guò)度產(chǎn)生了濃厚興趣。然而,他們的文化卻大相徑庭。

技巧四:重復(fù)

口譯員頻頻使用的技巧之一就是重復(fù),這對(duì)于各位考生朋友來(lái)說(shuō)非常值得借鑒。就拿2008年3月溫總理的記者招待會(huì)的口譯為例:

我們不僅有能力維護(hù)西藏的穩(wěn)定和正常的社會(huì)秩序,而且要繼續(xù)支持西藏的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步,提高西藏各族人民的生活,保護(hù)西藏的文化和生態(tài)環(huán)境。這個(gè)立場(chǎng)是不會(huì)動(dòng)搖的。

We are fully capable of maintaining stability and the normal public order in Tibet and at the same time we will continue to support the effort of Tibet to develop the economy and make social progress. We will continue to help Tibet to improve the livelihood of people of all ethnic groups and we will continue to support the efforts to protect the cultural and natural environment in Tibet. We will never waver in this position.

各位考生朋友不難發(fā)現(xiàn),譯員重復(fù)了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分,在整個(gè)記者招待會(huì)的口譯中,這樣的重復(fù)可以說(shuō)是比比皆是,此外,還有主語(yǔ),不定式,介詞詞組的重復(fù)等,這里不再一一列舉。這和我們上一次講到的“簡(jiǎn)單句和斷句”技巧也是相通的。

重復(fù)的好處就在于:

1.增加思考的時(shí)間。筆者看到很多考生在口譯的時(shí)候結(jié)結(jié)巴巴,口譯中最忌諱的就是停頓,這樣不僅會(huì)給考官留下不好的印象,而且也會(huì)讓自己失去信心,所以考生們不妨借鑒國(guó)家級(jí)譯員的這種做法,利用重復(fù)的時(shí)間來(lái)思考下面的譯文。

2.讓語(yǔ)言保持連貫。口譯的時(shí)候,譯員往往不輕易變動(dòng)原句的語(yǔ)序,因?yàn)楦膭?dòng)語(yǔ)序會(huì)耗費(fèi)更多的腦力。既然語(yǔ)序不輕易變動(dòng),那么譯文的連貫就是一個(gè)問(wèn)題,這個(gè)時(shí)候,“重復(fù)”就是一個(gè)非常好的解決問(wèn)題的辦法。

3.讓語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更清楚易懂。設(shè)想我們?cè)谧龉P譯的話,肯定不會(huì)有這么多的重復(fù),過(guò)多的重復(fù)會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得啰嗦。而在口譯中,重復(fù)卻可以讓聽(tīng)的人快速而又輕松的明白譯文,這是由口譯的特點(diǎn)決定的,因?yàn)榭谧g的時(shí)候,信息輸入的方式是耳朵。其實(shí),這也給各位考生一個(gè)啟示,口譯考試的時(shí)候,關(guān)鍵不在于你用多么出彩的句型,而在于你要讓考官聽(tīng)清楚你要表達(dá)的意思。

技巧五:難詞猜測(cè)

在口譯考試中碰到生詞可以說(shuō)是必然的,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在考試中很多考生因?yàn)橐粌蓚€(gè)生詞而放棄了考試??忌笥褌儗?duì)于生詞一定要有正確的看法,口譯主要是翻譯意思,并不是十分注重細(xì)節(jié),如果生詞是形容詞、副詞,不翻譯問(wèn)題也不是太大,即使是關(guān)系句子意思的一些詞,我們也可以通過(guò)上下文進(jìn)行推測(cè),考生們要切忌聽(tīng)到生詞就停頓下來(lái)思考,這個(gè)時(shí)候,仔細(xì)聽(tīng)下面的內(nèi)容其實(shí)更重要。

請(qǐng)看下面一例:Our high schools are obsolete and out-of-dated. By “obsolete”, I don’t just mean that they are broken, old-fashioned and under-funded.

很多考生對(duì)obsolete這個(gè)詞比較陌生,其實(shí)這個(gè)詞的意思通過(guò)上下文就能猜出來(lái),這句話中obsolete的近義詞有out-of-dated, broken, old-fashioned,所以,obsolete這個(gè)詞就可以譯成“陳舊的”、“過(guò)時(shí)的”。

I am very happy to meet with so many scholars at this annual astrobiology conference in the beautiful city of Boston, Massachusetts.

這句中的astrobiology是個(gè)難點(diǎn),我們可以從構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)出它的意思,astro-表示“外太空的”,biology 表示“生物學(xué)”,所以整個(gè)詞連起來(lái),譯成“外太空生物學(xué)”或“天體生物學(xué)”,考生們猜出這個(gè)詞的意思并不困難。

2020年catti中級(jí)口譯精選練習(xí)題

定期存款 time deposit; fixed deposit; fixed account

定向培訓(xùn) target training; job-oriented training

定向生 targeted-area student

定向增發(fā) additional stock issue tailed for...

定向招生 enroll students who are pre-assigned to specific posts or areas

定心丸 mind relief

釘子戶 person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project

定價(jià)機(jī)制 pricing mechanism

釘子戶 Nail household

丟車保帥 give up a pawn to save a chariot; sacrifice something minor to save something major

底線 bottom line

底 薪 base pay (Base pay is the fixed compensation paid to an employee for performing specific job responsibilities. It is typically paid as a salary, hourly or piece rate.)

低腰露臀褲 hiphuggers

第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industry

東道國(guó) host country

動(dòng)感 dynamic

動(dòng)感電影,多維電影 mult idimensional movie (3D or 4D etc.)

東盟 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

東盟地區(qū)論壇 ASEAN Regional Forum

東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū) ASEAN Free Trade Area

東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟 ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations)

動(dòng)遷戶 households to be relocated

董事會(huì) board of directors

動(dòng)土儀式 ground-breaking ceremony (Construction work on the Shanghai Disneyland theme park began Friday, company sources said. A ground-breaking ceremony was held in the morning. Cost for the project is estimated at 24.5 billion yuan ($3.7 billion). 據(jù)迪斯尼公司的消息,上海迪斯尼樂(lè)園于周五開(kāi)工,當(dāng)天早上舉行了動(dòng)土儀式。該工程預(yù)計(jì)要花費(fèi) 245 億元(合 37 億美元)。)

東西對(duì)話 East-West dialogue

凍雨 freezing rain (Icy weather and freezing rain continue to batter five regions across South China. The wild weather has caused chaos to power facilities and expressways, and disrupted local residents' lives. 冰冷天氣和凍雨將繼續(xù)侵襲南方的五個(gè)地區(qū)。極端天氣已經(jīng)引起電力設(shè)施和高速公路的混亂,擾亂了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳睢?動(dòng)車 組 bullet train (Bullet trains, with bullet-shaped locomotives, are designed based on aerodynamic theories, allowing the train to run at a high speed. China launched its first batch of homemade bullet trains on April 18, which can run at 200 kilometers per hour.)

豆腐渣工程 jerry-built project

斗牛士 bullfighter

豆腐腦 jellied bean curd

逗 留 sojourn (The 50 Chinese children from quake-hit area had a wonderful summer sojourn in Hungary for seeking solace and mental recovery. 來(lái)自地震災(zāi)區(qū)的 50 名兒童今夏在匈牙利度過(guò)了愉快暑假,心智創(chuàng)傷得到恢復(fù)。)

都 市 圈 metropolis circle (The Yangtze River delta area metropolis circle is expected to take over the Tokyo metropolis circle as the world's largest one around 2018, according to a report released in Shanghai Tuesday. 9 月 23 日在上海發(fā)表的《2007 中國(guó)都市圈評(píng)價(jià)報(bào)告》顯示,到 2018 年左右,長(zhǎng)三角都市圈將有望趕上東京都市圈,成為世界上的第一大都市圈。)

獨(dú)家代理 exclusive agency

度假外交 holiday-making dip lomacy

獨(dú)家新聞 scoop

獨(dú)立董事 independent director

獨(dú)立關(guān)稅區(qū) separate customs territory

獨(dú)立國(guó)家聯(lián)合體(獨(dú)聯(lián)體) the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

獨(dú)立核算工業(yè)企業(yè) independent accounting enterprise

獨(dú)立自主自辦的原則 principle of independence and self-governance

杜魯門主義 Truman Doctrine

毒 騾 drug mule (More Chinese women duped to bedrug mules--Foreign drug traffickers are duping an increasing number of Chinese women, especially young victims, into carrying drugs into China, the General Administration of Customs (GAC) has said. 更多的中國(guó)婦女受騙成“毒騾”——海關(guān)總署表示,越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)婦女,特別是年輕女子,受外國(guó)毒販的誘騙后將毒品帶進(jìn)中國(guó)。)

獨(dú)苗 the only son or daughter; the only child

獨(dú)生子女 the only child in one's family

毒梟 drug trafficker

獨(dú)資經(jīng)營(yíng) sing le-investor enterprise; sole proprietorship enterprise; sole investment enterprise

斷檔 severed shelf; sold out

斷 電 power outage (Unusually cold weather and the resulting soaring energy consumption for heating have caused power outages and shortages of natural gas in parts of central and eastern China. 異常寒冷的天氣和隨之而來(lái)熱能消耗的劇增導(dǎo)致華中和華東部分地區(qū)斷電和天然氣的短缺。)斷交信 Dear John letter (from woman to man)

斷碼 short in size

短期放款 money at call and short notice

短期債務(wù) floating debt

端午節(jié) the Dragon Boat Festival

短線產(chǎn)品 products in short supply; goods in short supply

短信 short messages; text messages

斷章取義 quote one's words out of context

短期工作實(shí)習(xí) internship

短 租 房 short-term housing, short-term apartment (Despite the quickly-approaching Olympic Games, the cost for short-term housing near the Bird's Nest during the Games has plummeted as much as 50%, with room for negotiation, according to statistics. An oversupply of short-term apartments and the red-hot hotel reservation service are the major reasons for the sharp decrease, a real estate agent said. 數(shù)據(jù)顯示,隨著奧運(yùn)會(huì)的臨近,"鳥(niǎo)巢"附近的奧運(yùn)短租房月租價(jià)格不但沒(méi)有上升,反而大幅度下降,跌幅普遍達(dá)到 50%,且價(jià)格還可以再商量。房產(chǎn)中介稱,目前這種短租房的租金價(jià)格大幅下跌是因?yàn)楣┐笥谇?,而酒店預(yù)訂則相對(duì)火熱。)

2020年catti中級(jí)口譯精選詞匯

anthropologist 人類學(xué)家

historian 歷史學(xué)家

Tao, ”the way”, the principle of workings of the universe 道humaneness (also mean:humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue) 仁the Four Books 四書

the Great Learning 《大學(xué)》

the Doctrine of the Mean 《中庸》

the Analects of Confucius 《論語(yǔ)》

the Mencius 《孟子》

five major styles of calligraphy 書法五大書體

seal script/seal character 篆書

official script/clerical script 隸書

running script/semi-cursive script 行書

cursive script 草書

regular script/standard script 楷書

traditional Chinese painting 中國(guó)畫

Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting 水墨畫

traditional Chinese realistic painting 工筆

six classical arts 六藝

rite 禮

music 樂(lè)

archery 射

riding 御

writing 書

arithmetic 數(shù)

the Art of War 孫子兵法

Chinese character 漢字

stroke (漢字)筆畫

radical 偏旁部首

writing system 書寫體系

Sino-Tibetan 漢藏語(yǔ)系

Sinologist/Sinologue 漢學(xué)家

Sinomania 中國(guó)熱

of the same origin 同宗同源

the Chinese ancestors 華夏祖先

single syllable 單音節(jié)

Chinese language is “soberly logical” 漢語(yǔ)有“合理的邏輯性”

the four tones of Chinese characters 漢語(yǔ)四聲調(diào)

level tone 陰平

rising tone 陽(yáng)平

falling-rising tone 上聲

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