托福聽力考試考什么?考生需要具備哪些能力才能在托福聽力考試當(dāng)中斬獲高分呢?今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃?大重點(diǎn)考察能力訓(xùn)練方法精講,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力3大重點(diǎn)考察能力訓(xùn)練方法精講
托福聽力提分首先要有邏輯分析能力
關(guān)于托福聽力句子功能題、主旨類題型、組織結(jié)構(gòu)題、內(nèi)容連接題等題型，想要順利應(yīng)對考生就必須具備邏輯分析能力。句子功能題提問考生根據(jù)一句話來讀出作者意圖，回答這類題的托福聽力技巧是不要只看字面意思，對話的功能和用意可能和說話者直接表達(dá)的意思是不相符的。例如，一個秘書問學(xué)生它是否知道宿舍辦公室在哪里，她并不是想從學(xué)生那里問到宿舍辦公室在哪里。要通過聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容選擇答案。而且這類題目往往針對反問、虛擬語氣、舉例來出題，所以要特別注意。主旨類題目的托福聽力技巧在于尋找對話的主題。比如，在教授的辦公時間里，一個學(xué)生請教關(guān)于冰川論文的問題。他們的繪畫包含了冰川的內(nèi)容，但是對話的主題是學(xué)生需要寫論文的一些幫助。這個對話中，對話者的主要目的并不是想傳遞關(guān)于冰川的看法。在校園服務(wù)對話中，通常學(xué)生嘗試著解決問題。需要理解學(xué)生的問題是什么，如何解決，這些會幫助你回答好這類問題。在講座類材料中，則需要從教授的課堂一開始就把握主題。
托福聽力提分離不開快速理解能力
常見的考察基本理解的托福聽力題目是細(xì)節(jié)題，所以考生在托福聽力過程中要記好筆記。和托福閱讀不同，托福聽力中往往細(xì)節(jié)題是較難把握的?？忌⒁庠谶x擇答案時，從主旨出發(fā)排除和主旨相悖的選項，而且也不要因為某個選項出現(xiàn)了聽到的詞匯就貿(mào)然確定答案。托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容較多，記筆記時記什么?考生在備考中要分析托福聽力真題細(xì)節(jié)題，學(xué)會把握托福聽力重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。所以托福聽力的細(xì)節(jié)題是比較難做的，這就需要大家具備聽完就能理解然后分析出這是不是重要細(xì)節(jié)并做好記錄的能力。
托福聽力提分還要練就推理能力
需要用到推理能力的是托福聽力題中的態(tài)度題和推論題。態(tài)度題需要考生聽出觀點(diǎn)及說話者感受，技巧是學(xué)會注意說話者的語氣，是不是包含歉意，充滿疑惑，滿含熱情。這就需要一定的推理能力了，特別注意對話者的用詞也能有助解答此類題型。而推論題則需要考生根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)推測，類似于托福閱讀推論題，不過因為考生無法查找信息，只能在筆記中記好文章意思框架，再根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的信息找到所在位置之后才能進(jìn)行合理推論。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：人類和鳥類合作共享蜂巢
This is a story about the birds and the bees. When the Yao people of Mozambique want to find beehives full of honey they make this noise [brrrr-hm]. That sound attracts the attention of what are appropriately called honeyguide birds.
"If you ask Yao honey-hunters why they go brrrr-hm when they're looking for a honeyguide, they'll tell you, well, it's the best way to attract a honeyguide and to maintain its attention while you're following it to a bees' nest."
Claire Spottiswoode, of the University of Cambridge in England and the University of Cape Town in South Africa.
The Yao have long known that they could attract honeyguides vocally, as part of a rare example of a mutualistic relationship between people and wild animals. The humans get honey and the birds then get what they want—the previously unattainable wax of the beehive, which they consider a delicacy. Spottiswoode's study provides evidence that the humans are actually communicating with the birds.
"We wanted to specifically test whether honeyguides responded to the exact information content of the brrrr-hm call, which signals, if you wish, 'I'm looking for bees' nests,' so we wanted to distinguish that from the alternative that the call simply alerts honeyguides to the presence of humans."
Which the research team did—birds were much more likely to respond to brrrr-hm than to other sounds. The study is in the journal Science.
Honeyguides may help people, but to other birds they can be monsters.
"Honeyguides are the real Jekyll and Hyde of the bird world...like cowbirds or cuckoos, honeyguides are brood parasites—they lay their eggs in other birds' nests and exploit the care of other species to raise their young. And their chicks hatch with these very sharp hooks at the tips of their beak, which they use to stab the host young to death as soon as they hatch."
You can watch some of this horror-movie-worthy footage that Spottiswoode captured several years ago by googling the phrase "honeyguide murder."
As Africa becomes more urbanized, fewer people are engaging the birds to help them find honey. And the relationship between honeyguides and honey-hunters may be fraying.
"A young honeyguide hatches in the nest of another species knowing how to be a honeyguide. Because it doesn't have the opportunity to learn from its own parents. But then if that's not reinforced by experience, it's lost."
In the not-too-distant future then, honeyguides may still know where the beehives are—but they'll be keeping that information to themselves.
這是一個有關(guān)鳥類和蜜蜂的故事。當(dāng)莫桑比克的堯族人民想要找到裝滿蜂蜜的蜂巢時，他們就會發(fā)出這樣的聲音。這種聲音可以吸引被稱作響蜜鴷的鳥類。
“如果你問堯族獵蜜人為什么在尋找響蜜鴷時發(fā)出這種聲音，他們會告訴你，這是吸引響蜜鴷的最好方法，而且可以在找到蜂巢之前留住響蜜鴷的注意力?！?/p>
克萊爾·斯波蒂斯伍德來自英國劍橋大學(xué)和南非開普敦大學(xué)。
堯族人早就知道能用聲音來吸引響蜜鴷，這是人類和野生動物之間互惠關(guān)系的罕見例子。人類獲得蜂蜜，而響蜜鴷也會得到它們想要的——之前無法獲得的蜂窩中的臘，這種鳥類將其視為珍寶。斯波蒂斯伍德的研究為人類和這種鳥類之間的交流提供了證據(jù)。
“具體來說，我們想測試的是響蜜鴷是否會對人類發(fā)出聲音中含有的特定信息做出回應(yīng)，這種信息傳遞的信號是‘我在找蜂巢'，我們想將這種聲音和單純警示人類存在的聲音區(qū)分開來?！?/p>
研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)，與其他的聲音相比，鳥類對第一種聲音的回應(yīng)較多。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上。
響蜜鴷可能對人類有幫助，但是對于其他鳥類來說，響蜜鴷則如猛獸一般。
響蜜鴷是鳥類中雙重性格的代表，如燕八哥或杜鵑一樣，響蜜鴷是巢內(nèi)寄生體——它們在其他鳥類的鳥巢中產(chǎn)蛋，然后利用其他物種撫育自己的孩子。同時響蜜鴷幼崽的喙部尖端呈鉤狀，一旦寄主的幼鳥孵化，這些響蜜鴷的幼崽就會用尖尖的嘴將其啄死。
斯波蒂斯伍德數(shù)年前捕捉到了這樣的恐怖鏡頭，大家可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢索“響蜜鴷謀殺”進(jìn)行觀看。
由于非洲城市化的程度越來越高，依賴響蜜鴷來尋找蜂蜜的人越來越少。因此，響蜜鴷和獵蜜人之間的關(guān)系可能會受到損害。
“在其他鳥巢中孵化的響蜜鴷幼鳥知道如何尋找蜂蜜。可是它們沒有從父母那里學(xué)習(xí)這種本領(lǐng)的機(jī)會。如果這種技能沒有經(jīng)驗的強(qiáng)化，也會失傳。”
在不遠(yuǎn)的將來，響蜜鴷可能仍然知道哪里有蜂巢——但是它們會保守秘密。
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. respond to 回復(fù);回答;回應(yīng);
例句：He responded to my suggestion with a nod.
他點(diǎn)頭回應(yīng)我的建議。
2. distinguish from 區(qū)分;辨別;分清;
例句：It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.
把現(xiàn)實(shí)與虛構(gòu)區(qū)分開來是很重要的。
3. to death (用于動詞后)以致死亡;
例句：He was beaten to death by thugs.
他被..毆打致死。
4. as soon as 一…就…;
例句：He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid.
只要交了罰款，他就會被釋放。
5. keep sth. to oneself 把…秘而不宣;不將…說出去;
例句：I keep things to myself because I don't want shoulder anybody else with my problems.
我把事情藏在心底只是因為不想拿自己的問題去麻煩別人。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：引入美洲獅減少交通事故
Are you afraid of sharks? What about snakes or spiders? Put those fears aside: because in the U.S. you're far more likely to be killed or injured by a deer bounding across the road.
Bambi and his kind cause more 200 humans deaths each year, plus some 29,000 injuries, all because of 1.2 million collisions between vehicles and deer. Most incidents occur in the eastern U.S., where deer thrive without natural predators like wolves and mountain lions.
"That's the region in the U.S. where deer-vehicle collisions are such a problem, and where it seems like an effective large carnivore restoration could make a really big difference."
University of Washington wildlife biologist Laura Prugh. She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas or panthers, to parts of their historic range from which they've been driven out.
Crunching the numbers, the researchers say that bringing the big cats back to the eastern U.S. would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decades. Each year would see five fewer human deaths, 680 fewer injuries and a savings of some $50 million.
"Cougars have shown that they can coexist in close proximity with people, with very few conflicts, in a lot of areas out west."
Still, some folks might be understandably nervous about this kind of plan. After all, reintroducing predators doesn't come without risks to pets and to livestock, and very occasionally to people.
"Our fear of large carnivores is so primal and ingrained that I don't think it's possible to just completely override it with statistics…what I hope is that knowing that there actually can be some measurable benefits might make people a little more favorably inclined and maybe balance that fear a little bit."
Indeed, the statistics show that cougars would prevent five times as many human deaths from deer-related accidents as they would cause by attacks. But it'll be a tough sell: the press will cover cougar attacks, but a statistically prevented death does not make the news. Nevertheless, "If people in Hollywood can put up with having mountain lions around, I would hope that New Yorkers would be up for the challenge as well."
你害怕鯊魚嗎?你害怕蛇或蜘蛛嗎?先把這些恐懼放到一邊：因為在美國，你更可能因為馬路上亂跑的鹿而受傷或者喪命。
鹿每年都會導(dǎo)致200多人喪命，約2.9萬人受傷，這是因為機(jī)動車輛和小鹿發(fā)生了120萬次碰撞。大多數(shù)事故發(fā)生在美國東部地區(qū)，由于鹿在這里沒有狼、美洲獅等天敵，所以導(dǎo)致鹿群數(shù)量猛增。
“在美國的這一地區(qū)，小鹿和機(jī)動車發(fā)生碰撞是個嚴(yán)重的問題，似乎大型食肉動物族群的恢復(fù)可以產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。”
勞拉·普魯夫是華盛頓大學(xué)的野生動物學(xué)家。她認(rèn)為將之前被驅(qū)逐的美洲獅引入會有幫助。
來研究一下數(shù)字，研究人員表示，將這種大型貓科動物引入美國東部地區(qū)，這意味著在未來30余年，鹿和車輛發(fā)生的碰撞事件將會減少22%。每年的死亡人數(shù)將減少5人，受傷人數(shù)將減少680人，同時將節(jié)省5千萬美元。
“研究表明，在西部很多地區(qū)，美洲獅可以與人類近距離共存，產(chǎn)生沖突的次數(shù)極少。”
但是，可能仍有人對這一計劃感到擔(dān)心，這也是可以理解的。畢竟，重新引入捕食者會給寵物、牲畜帶來威脅，而且偶爾也可能會給人類帶來不利。
“我們對大型食肉動物的恐懼是非常原始、根深蒂固的，因此我認(rèn)為，不能僅僅依靠數(shù)據(jù)就完全將這種恐懼置之不理，我希望可以有明顯的益處讓人們贊同或平衡對此計劃的抵觸情緒?！?/p>
實(shí)際上，數(shù)據(jù)表明，與美洲獅襲擊人類造成的死亡人數(shù)相比，引入美洲獅可以使因鹿導(dǎo)致的車禍死亡人數(shù)減少5倍。但這將是一項艱巨的任務(wù)：媒體仍會報道美洲獅襲擊事件，但是卻不會報道引入美洲獅可以避免人員傷亡的新聞。盡管如此，“如果好萊塢的人們可以忍受美洲獅的存在，那么我希望紐約的人們也可以勇敢面對這個挑戰(zhàn)?！?/p>
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. put aside 把…放在一邊;忘記;不考慮;
例句：He put aside his work to spend more time with his son.
他把工作暫時擱下以便有更多時間陪兒子。
2. be likely to do sth. 可能(做…)的;有(…)傾向的;
例句：If you throw yourself at the girl, she's likely to run away.
如果你拼命討好這位姑娘，她可能被嚇跑。
3. after all 畢竟;終究;
例句：After all, he has had a good long innings.
他畢竟有一段很長的得意時期。
4. put up with 忍受;容忍;
例句：I can't put up with your hypocricy any more.
我再也不能容忍你的虛偽態(tài)度了。
