托福聽力中重聽題每場考試都會出現(xiàn)，而且一般作為壓軸出場，因此很多考生假如前面聽得一頭霧水沒有發(fā)揮好就很容易做錯重聽題。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃χ械闹芈狀}出題思路和解題技巧全面指點，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

　　托福聽力中的重聽題出題思路和解題技巧全面指點

　　托福聽力重聽題基本介紹

　　重聽題就是在題目中將錄音某部分的內(nèi)容再放一遍，讓考生重新聽，之后考生根據(jù)自己重新聽到的內(nèi)容來解題。

　　這種題型屬于測試考生實際理解的能力，包括說話者對某一事物和態(tài)度的看法以及說話者的目的。因此從這個意義上說這種題型也是推斷題、目的題和態(tài)度題。

　　重聽題一般是一篇題目里的最后一題，每次考試大約會考察2-4道重聽題。重聽題有一個非常明顯的標(biāo)志，即題目中會有一個耳機(jī)的符號，因此非常容易辨認(rèn)。

　　托福聽力重聽題提問方式

　　先通過問法來判斷題型，從而對應(yīng)筆記，找考點位置和答案。

　　常見問法有以下幾種：

　　1.態(tài)度類

　?、賅hy did sb. say / ask this?

　?、赪hat's the purpose of one's statement?

　　2.推斷類

　?、賅hat did he mean?

　?、赪hat does the professor mean when he says this?

　　③What can be inferred when he says this?

　?、躓hat can be inferred from the speaker's statement when he says this?

　?、軼hat does the man imply when he said this?

　　態(tài)度類，這一類題目問法比較直觀，一般是問說話人為什么這么說，或者這么說的目的是什么。第二類是推斷類，這一類問法需要考生對文章特定內(nèi)容進(jìn)行一定的推斷，才能得出答案。

　　托福聽力重聽題實例講解

　　1.語氣重聽

　　語氣重聽常見的考點位置有：

　?、儆腥颂釂枙r

　?、诔霈F(xiàn)Really?/Wow!/Oh, my God! 等特殊語氣時

　?、壑刈x

　　下面我們來看幾道例題：

　　E.G. 官方真題Official 8 conversation 2

　　Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the student say this:

　　A).To introduce a personal story about exercising.

　　B).To point out a flaw in the health-club model.

　　C).To give an example that supports the professor’s point.

　　D).To explain why he disagrees with the professor.

　　聽力原文：

　　Professor:

　　I mean with a health club you might think they would have trouble attracting customers, right?

　　Student:

　　Well, I know when I pass by a health club and I see all those people working out, they are exercising. I just soon walk on by.

　　教授說了一個理論，健身房在吸引顧客方面有困難，句末加了一個right?表示詢問，在這個問句的后面，學(xué)生舉了自己實際的例子來支持教授的觀點，說自己經(jīng)過健身房的時候就算看見里面有人在健身，也不會停留，直接就走掉了。

　　所以教授一句right?疑問引出了學(xué)生的話，因此考生需要關(guān)注聽力中有人提問時這個考點。因此，答案為C。

　　E.G. 官方真題Official 1 Conversation 1

　　Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the woman say this:

　　A).She had forgotten about the information.

　　B).She is surprised she was not aware of the information.

　　C).She is annoyed that the information was published only recently.

　　D).She is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect information.

　　聽力原文：

　　Librarian:

　　All of the library’s databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.

　　Student:

　　Really?! I can’t believe I didn’t know that.

　　當(dāng)學(xué)生得知所有的資料都可以從校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)上獲得時，說了一句Really?, 這是很明顯的語氣重聽，表達(dá)了說話人的驚訝，并且后面還說了一句I can’t believe I didn’t know that.

　　因此選擇表示驚訝surprise的選項B。說話人的語氣非常直觀，因此考生需要用心去捕捉。

　　2.語意重聽

　　語意重聽常見的考點位置有：

　?、購?qiáng)調(diào)句

　　②老師回答學(xué)生問題時

　?、劾蠋煹膽B(tài)度和評價

　?、芪恼罗D(zhuǎn)折(but/however/in fact/actually/although/though)

　　托福聽力重聽題做題要點提醒

　　最后，想提醒考生們的是，重聽題的兩種類型以及對應(yīng)的考點大家一定要熟練掌握，語氣重聽比較明顯直觀，通過說話人的語氣起伏基本就可以選出正確的選項。

　　語意重聽則需要考生具有一定的推斷能力和理解能力?？忌谄綍r做題時，就要對應(yīng)不同題型的不同考點記筆記，養(yǎng)成良好的筆記習(xí)慣和敏感度，才能在考試中脫穎而出。

　　2020托福聽力練習(xí)：石器時代人類烹煮食物

　　Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing.

　　"And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing."

　　Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University.

　　"So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent?"

　　Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest.

　　But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that.

　　And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that.

　　So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner:yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat.

　　"If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum."

　　Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food.

　　Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools.

　　As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew.

　　And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year.

　　Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth.

　　The research is in the journal Nature.

　　Of course, these days "processed food" has a pretty bad rap.

　　But for our ancestors, food processing was key.

　　"It's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times.

　　For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner."

　　Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight.Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing. 黑猩猩每天要在咀嚼食物上花掉將近一半的時間。

　　And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing. 相比之下，想想你每天花多少時間用來咀嚼呢?

　　Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University. 哈佛大學(xué)的人類進(jìn)化生物教授丹尼爾利伯爾曼說道。

　　So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent? 那我們是如何實現(xiàn)這種轉(zhuǎn)變的呢?從一天吃東西花費大部分時間到現(xiàn)在大約不到5%的時間的呢?”

　　Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest. 烹調(diào)確實讓食物變得更軟，更易咀嚼和消化。

　　But evidence for human cook fires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that. 但人類利用火進(jìn)行烹調(diào)的證據(jù)只能追溯到大約500,000年前，如果的確如此的話。

　　And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that. 而直立人進(jìn)化出相對脆弱的下頜及小牙齒要比那個時候還早100萬年。

　　So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner: 因此利伯爾曼和他的同事凱瑟琳辛克通過重新還原舊石器時代的一頓晚餐開始了對此的調(diào)查研究:

　　yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat. 山藥，胡蘿卜，甜菜，還有山羊肉。

　　If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum. 如果你試著用牙齒直接吃生羊肉，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)需要不停咀嚼，像在嚼泡泡糖一樣。

　　Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food. 參與這項研究的幸運(yùn)志愿者們在咀嚼食物時有了這樣的體驗。

　　Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools. 不管是野生，未經(jīng)烹調(diào)，還是通過打火石工具敲打切碎后的食物都是這樣。

　　As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew. 而隨著研究對象的進(jìn)食,研究人員們對他們每次咀嚼的頻率和力度進(jìn)行了檢測。

　　And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year. 結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)豐盛的一餐，肉類，根莖類蔬菜提前切好也許可以使直立人每年減少250萬次咀嚼。

　　Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth. 這就表明不需要巨大的，笨重的下頜以及牙齒。

　　The research is in the journal Nature. 這項研究已在《自然》雜志上發(fā)表。

　　Of course, these days processed food has a pretty bad rap. 當(dāng)然，這些天加工食品的口碑不是很好。

　　But for our ancestors, food processing was key. 但對我們的祖先而言，食物加工處理可是關(guān)鍵性的一環(huán)。

　　We live such modern lives that it's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times. 我們現(xiàn)在過著這樣的生活，而現(xiàn)在的人們很難想象在當(dāng)時那種條件下吃東西、烹飪及狩獵是什么樣子。

　　For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner. 在我們?nèi)祟愡M(jìn)化歷史上很大一部分時間里，我們的祖先必須很努力的咀嚼自己的晚餐食物。

　　Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight. 而對你而言，一頓晚餐或許要用一整晚才能搞定。

　　2020托福聽力練習(xí)：蝙蝠免疫力抗擊埃博拉病毒

　　When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion.

　　The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.

　　And they trigger downstream immune responses.

　　So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system.

　　They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen.

　　Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory.

　　In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal—the black flying fox, a type of bat—handles infections.

　　They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells.

　　And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.

　　Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders.

　　And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all.

　　The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans?

　　Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage.

　　Like the symptoms you feel from the flu—a lot of that is your immune system's fault.

　　But the key might be to do as the bats do.

　　"If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans."

　　Bats have long been known to harbor disease.

　　So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it.

　　When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion. 當(dāng)病毒入侵你的細(xì)胞，免疫系統(tǒng)開始工作。

　　The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons. 首先起作用的就是信號蛋白，它也被稱為干擾素。

　　And they trigger downstream immune responses. 而它會觸發(fā)下游免疫反應(yīng)。

　　So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system. 因此你可以把它們想象成免疫系統(tǒng)的荷爾蒙。

　　They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen. 免疫系統(tǒng)開始工作后，就會刺激一系列針對病原體更具體的其他免疫反應(yīng)。

　　Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. 米歇爾.貝克爾是澳大利亞動物衛(wèi)生實驗室的比較免疫學(xué)家。

　　In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal-the black flying fox, a type of bat-handles infections. 本著比較免疫學(xué)理論，貝克爾和她的同事們對其它哺乳動物蝙蝠的一種，黑狐蝠應(yīng)對感染的方式進(jìn)行了觀察。

　　They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells. 研究人員對免疫基因進(jìn)行了排序，并觀察了正常蝙蝠細(xì)胞的免疫反應(yīng)。

　　And they found that, unlike us-the bats always have interferons on patrol. 而結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與我們?nèi)祟愃煌氖?，蝙蝠體內(nèi)的干擾素一直在起作用。

　　Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders. 這代表著蛋白質(zhì)不需要等待入侵后才開始激活。

　　And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all. 而研究人員稱這種持續(xù)的高警戒狀態(tài)可能是蝙蝠攜帶埃博拉病毒、尼帕病毒及其它感染性疾病但卻沒有出現(xiàn)任何癥狀的原因。

　　The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 這項研究已在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》上發(fā)表。

　　So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans? 那為何不激活人體內(nèi)的干擾素呢?

　　Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage. 對人類的身體而言，這樣會引起大量炎癥并造成細(xì)胞損傷。

　　Like the symptoms you feel from the flu-a lot of that is your immune system's fault. 免疫系統(tǒng)缺失就像感染流感病毒一樣。

　　But the key might be to do as the bats do. 但關(guān)鍵在于我們?nèi)绾文７买稹?/p>

　　If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans. 如果我們只是讓自身免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)生偏差，這樣就可以在沒有任何炎癥的情況下抗擊病毒，因此我們可以利用這種新方法治療人類疾病。

　　Bats have long been known to harbor disease. 一直以來人類就知曉，蝙蝠可以免疫于疾病。

　　So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it. 因此如果我們通過這些小動物學(xué)會怎樣抗擊疾病，那就再好不過了。