托福聽力備考怎樣選擇合適教材?幾條實(shí)用建議分享。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃淇荚鯓舆x擇合適教材，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力備考怎樣選擇合適教材?幾條實(shí)用建議分享

托福聽力教材速度稍快一點(diǎn)效果好

托福聽力教材挑選首要一點(diǎn)就是材料中的語速要盡量比自身習(xí)慣的聽力語速和考試的實(shí)際速度略快一點(diǎn)。為什么要這樣?道理很簡單，如果你平時(shí)都泛聽語速快的材料，那么上了考場在心情比較緊張的情況下，你也不會(huì)覺得考試的材料語速很快。就如同舉重運(yùn)動(dòng)員平時(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)，基本都會(huì)舉起比真正比賽時(shí)更重的重量。這種提前做好準(zhǔn)備的訓(xùn)練方法是很有實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)試意義的。

托福聽力材料難度適當(dāng)提升更有用

托福聽力教材挑選時(shí)需要注意的第二點(diǎn)就是適當(dāng)挑戰(zhàn)自我。比如，平時(shí)泛聽的材料里可以盡量使用一些含有更多聽不出不認(rèn)識的生詞，更多不熟悉的話題場景，更多復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣做的目的和第一點(diǎn)類似，就是平時(shí)對自己要求高一些，考場上就會(huì)輕松許多。電影電視方面，什么樣題材符合這點(diǎn)呢?比如法律、政治題材，都有這個(gè)特點(diǎn)。政客律師說話，邏輯性強(qiáng)，用詞復(fù)雜，比較難懂，語速還快。這樣適當(dāng)提升難度的教材對提升大家聽力水平是很有幫助的。

托福聽力教材要具備標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語音

這一點(diǎn)說白了就是希望大家盡量挑一些帶有美式英語口音的教材。托福雖然適用面廣泛，但大部分時(shí)候其中包含的聽力內(nèi)容都是帶有美式英語口音的。如果考生平時(shí)說的聽的都是英式口音，那么很容易在考試時(shí)出現(xiàn)水土不服的問題，這就很容易影響考場發(fā)揮了。因此小編建議大家早做準(zhǔn)備，盡量在備考中就開始接觸一下美式口音的聽力教材，為實(shí)戰(zhàn)提前做好準(zhǔn)備。

電影電視劇類聽力材料要有充足對話

這一點(diǎn)也很好理解，考生在挑選聽力備考教材時(shí)，可能經(jīng)常會(huì)有一些類似寓教于樂的想法。想要放松沒關(guān)系，但畢竟是為了訓(xùn)練聽力，如果挑的都是一些基本沒幾句對白的大場面動(dòng)作片那就主次顛倒了。所以如果真的是想要通過電影電視來訓(xùn)練托福聽力，大家還是應(yīng)該挑選一些具有更多對白的內(nèi)容為佳。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：運(yùn)輸貨物的絲綢之路傳播疾病

For thousands of years, what's called the Silk Road was a group of land and sea trade routes that connected the Far East with South Asia, Africa, the Middle East and southern Europe. Of course, when humans travel they carry their pathogens with them. So scientists and historians have wondered if the Silk Road was a transmission route not just for goods, but for infectious disease.

Now we have the first hard evidence of ancient Silk Road travelers spreading their infections. The find comes from a 2,000-year-old latrine that had first been excavated in 1992. The report is in the Journal of Archaeological Science.

"So the site is a relay station on the Silk Road in northwest China. It's just to the eastern end of the Tarim Basin, which is a large arid area just to the east of the Taklamakan desert, and not far from the Gobi Desert. So this is a dry part of China."

Piers Mitchell, paleopathologist at the University of Cambridge, and one of the study's authors, along with his student Ivy Yeh and colleagues in China.

In the latrine, archaeologists found used hygiene sticks wrapped with cloth. These were used for what you think they were used for.

"This excavation was great because the cloth was still preserved and the feces was still adherent to the cloth on some of the sticks. So the archaeologist kept these sticks in the museum. And so my Ph.D. student, Ivy Yeh, who's first author on the paper, she went out to China took some scrapings from the feces adherent to the cloth. So we were then able to analyze that down the microscope when she brought it back to Cambridge."

Where they found eggs from parasites—including one from a liver fluke.

"And that's the exciting one because that's only found in eastern and southern China and in Korea, where they have marshy areas that have the right snails and the right fish."

The fluke needs snails and fish for its lifecycle, but there were no such snails or fish in this dry region of China. So the unlucky traveler who harbored the parasite had to have transported the disease to that spot.

"Well firstly it tells us that people were doing very long journeys along the Silk Road and you might think that's obvious. But no one really knew how long people were traveling. Some people may have been trading, only going short distances selling their goods on to the next person. And so the goods might have gone all the way along the Silk Road, but people might not. But we know that some people were doing huge distances..."

"Secondly it shows that this was, would be a viable route for the spread of those other infectious diseases like Bubonic plague and leprosy and anthrax that people had previously suggested might have been spread between East Asia and Europe along the Silk Road. Because modern genetic analyses have shown similarities between the strains of one end and the other."

Mitchell says there's much more work to be done to better understand the spread of diseases around the world. Perhaps from analyzing skeletons—or various other kinds of remains—to be found along the Silk Road.

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

數(shù)千年來，海洋與陸地之間的貿(mào)易路線絲綢之路將遠(yuǎn)東、南亞、非洲、中東和南歐連接起來。當(dāng)然，人類在旅行時(shí)也攜帶著病原體?？茖W(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家懷疑，絲綢之路運(yùn)輸?shù)牟粌H僅是貨物，還有傳染性疾病。

現(xiàn)在，我們掌握了第一個(gè)有力的證據(jù)，證明古代絲綢之路的游客傳播了自身的疾病。這項(xiàng)結(jié)果源自1992年發(fā)掘的一個(gè)有2000年歷史的茅廁。該項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《考古科學(xué)：報(bào)告》雜志上。

“這里是中國西北部絲綢之路上的一個(gè)中轉(zhuǎn)站。位于塔里木盆地的東端，塔里木盆地這塊廣闊干旱的地區(qū)位于塔克拉瑪干沙漠的東部，距離戈壁沙漠不遠(yuǎn)。這里是中國的一個(gè)干旱地帶。”

皮爾斯·米切爾是劍橋大學(xué)的古生物病理學(xué)家，同時(shí)也是該報(bào)告的作者之一，他和他的學(xué)生艾薇·葉以及來自中國的同事們一同進(jìn)行了該項(xiàng)研究。

考古學(xué)家在發(fā)掘的茅廁里發(fā)現(xiàn)了用過的衛(wèi)生棍，這些衛(wèi)生棍用布裹著。這些東西的用途和你認(rèn)為的一樣。

“這次發(fā)掘意義很大，因?yàn)檫@些布仍然保存完整，而且排泄物還附著在一些棍子裹著的布上。考古學(xué)家把這些衛(wèi)生棍保存在博物館。我的博士學(xué)生艾薇·葉，同時(shí)也是該論文的第一作者，去中國刮取了布上的一些排泄物。這樣，我們就能夠在顯微鏡下分析她帶回劍橋的樣本?！?/p>

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了寄生蟲的卵，還有肝吸蟲的卵。

“這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)讓我們興奮不已，因?yàn)檫@些只存在于中國東部和南部以及韓國，那里的沼澤地有含有這些病原體的蝸牛和魚類?！?/p>

肝吸蟲需要依靠蝸牛和魚類進(jìn)行生命循環(huán)，但是中國干旱地區(qū)沒有這些病原體所需要的蝸牛和魚類。所以，攜帶著寄生蟲的倒霉游客將疾病帶到了該地區(qū)。

“首先，這告訴我們，人們沿著絲綢之路長途跋涉，你可能認(rèn)為這是顯而易見的。但是沒有人確切知道人們到底走了多遠(yuǎn)。有些人可能一直在進(jìn)行貿(mào)易活動(dòng)，他們只走了很短的距離，將自己的貨物轉(zhuǎn)賣給他人。所以，貨物可能要一直沿著絲綢之路運(yùn)輸，但是人就不一定了。不過我們知道有些人的確走了很遠(yuǎn)的距離?！?/p>

“其次，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這可能也是黑死病、麻風(fēng)病和炭疽等傳染疾病的傳播路線，此前人們認(rèn)為這些疾病沿著絲綢之路在東亞和歐洲之間傳播。因?yàn)?，現(xiàn)代基因分析表明，菌株一端和另一端存在相似性?！?/p>

米切爾表示，為了更好的了解疾病在世界范圍內(nèi)的傳播，還有更多的工作要做。也許可以分析在絲綢之路上發(fā)現(xiàn)的骨骼或是其他類型的遺留物。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. come from 來自;始于;

例句：The news comes from a reliable source.

這消息來自可靠的來源。

2. along with 與…一起;

例句：She came to dinner along with her boyfriend.

她和她的男朋友一道來用餐。

3. be adherent to 黏附;附著;

例句：The brass plate must be adherent to the steel.

黃銅片必須和鋼粘結(jié)。

sell on 轉(zhuǎn)賣;倒賣;

例句：Mr Farrier bought cars at auctions and sold them on.

法里爾先生拍得汽車后再將其轉(zhuǎn)手。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：氣味大師環(huán)尾狐猴

Ring-tailed lemurs are a chatty lot.

They vocalize to exchange information.

And they also communicate via a veritable smorgasbord of stinky secretions they use to mark their territory and advertise their romantic availability.

But male lemurs, which have more scent glands than do females, are really masters of musk—because they sometimes mix their smelly secretions to produce a veritable bouquet of stank.

And now researchers have a better idea why.

Male lemurs sometimes use the scent glands on their wrists to mark tree branches and saplings.

Other times, they double down, rubbing their wrists against glands on their chests to create a foul and funky fusion.

This special blend can then be smeared over objects or wiped onto their tails, which the males wave at their rivals in a display that scientists refer to as a “stink fight.”

But why create such a custom combination?

Perhaps adding the oily exudate from the chest alters the information conveyed by the wrist.

Or maybe it acts as a kind of preservative that makes the wrist signal longer lasting.

To find out, researchers gathered secretions from a dozen ring-tailed lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center in North Carolina.

They then presented male lemurs with wooden dowels that were doused with either the wrist fragrance, the chest scent, or a mixture of the two.

And they found that males spent more time sniffing the stick with the mixture, which suggests that the fragrant combination does contain more interesting information than the solo scents alone.

But the lemurs were even more interested in the odiferous amalgamation when it was left out to evaporate for 12 hours, licking the sticks to better access the dried volatile compounds.

That observation supports the theory that mixing secretions actually boosts their staying power.

The results are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

So while a rose is a rose is a rose, the perfume of the ring-tailed lemur is a complex concoction, the subtle meaning of which lies in the nose of the beholder.

環(huán)尾狐猴真的很健談。

它們發(fā)聲的目的是交流信息。

而且它們也會(huì)通過名副其實(shí)散發(fā)惡臭分泌物的混合物進(jìn)行交流，而它們一般將這些分泌物用作標(biāo)記領(lǐng)地及向異性求愛。

但氣味腺比雌性狐猴多的雄性狐猴才是真正的氣味大師—它們有時(shí)候會(huì)將那些臭味分泌物混合然后弄出一些散發(fā)惡臭的混合氣。

環(huán)尾狐猴或是氣味大師.jpg

而現(xiàn)在研究人員們已經(jīng)對環(huán)尾狐猴這樣做的原因有了進(jìn)一步的了解。

雄狐猴有時(shí)候會(huì)用手腕的腺體氣味分泌物在樹枝及嫩枝上做標(biāo)記。

其余時(shí)間它們就一直躺著，摩擦自己手腕上的腺體分泌物到胸部并制造出一種散發(fā)強(qiáng)烈臭味的混合物。

這種特殊混合物隨后就被涂在一些物體或者附著在它們的尾巴上，而雄性狐猴向它們的情敵宣戰(zhàn)擺動(dòng)尾巴時(shí)就會(huì)起到交流作用，而科學(xué)家們將此稱為“臭氣的較量”。

但為什么要特別弄出這種臭味的混合物呢?

研究人員分析了環(huán)尾狐猴的氣味變化.jpg

或許加入從胸部分泌出的油狀物可以改變手腕部臭氣所代表的信息。

又或者它起到的是一種防腐劑的作用，讓手腕的信號更持久。

為了一探究竟，研究人員們從北卡萊羅納州的杜克狐猴中心收集到了12只環(huán)尾狐猴的分泌物。

然后他們分別將附著腕部氣味，胸部氣味及兩者混合氣味的木釘放到雄性狐猴面前。

結(jié)果研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)雄性狐猴會(huì)在混合氣體前駐足，這表明相比單獨(dú)氣味，混合氣體確實(shí)含有更多更有趣的信息。

但在隨后靜置12小時(shí)待氣體蒸發(fā)后，狐猴對混合氣味更感興趣，它們會(huì)舔這些木棍以便更好的接觸到這種干燥揮發(fā)性的混合氣體化合物。

這項(xiàng)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了混合分泌物確實(shí)會(huì)促進(jìn)狐猴駐足停留的理論。

這項(xiàng)研究已在《皇家社會(huì)公開科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表。

因此雖然一支玫瑰就是一支玫瑰而且只會(huì)散發(fā)出玫瑰的氣味時(shí)，但環(huán)尾狐猴的香水可是極為復(fù)雜的混合物，而其中所蘊(yùn)含的微妙含義只能交由當(dāng)事者的鼻子品評。

1.wipe onto 擦上

例句:Wipe the lotion onto your face.

你在臉上搽些護(hù)膚液。

2.wave at 朝…揮手(致意)

例句:So why you just wave at her?

為什么你只是對她招招手?

3.find out 發(fā)現(xiàn);使發(fā)作

例句:I need to find out who tried to frame me.

我得找出是誰企圖誣陷我。

4.stick with 堅(jiān)持

例句:If you're in a job that keeps you busy, stick with it.

如果你所做的工作能讓你很忙，那要堅(jiān)持下去。