托?？谡Z應(yīng)考技巧, 準(zhǔn)確把握句子間關(guān)系。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈＊?dú)立口如何準(zhǔn)確把握句子間關(guān)系,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托?？谡Z應(yīng)考技巧 準(zhǔn)確把握句子間關(guān)系

新托福口語考試中的45秒鐘的時(shí)間絕對不允許我們一次次地反復(fù)閱讀某個(gè)句子，即使碰到難懂的句子也是如此。怎么辦呢?繼續(xù)讀下去，試圖在后一句中找到理解前一句(特別是難句)的線索。這一線索就是句子與句子之間的關(guān)系。因此，準(zhǔn)確地把握句子與句子之間的關(guān)系就不失為一種能很好地提高閱讀理解的方法了。

句子之間的關(guān)系多種多樣，常見的有：并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系和相互解釋關(guān)系。

Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具體事例為前一句提供說明與解釋)

People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明顯的因果關(guān)系)

Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是對前一句celestial bodies 的進(jìn)一步解釋)

Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鳥) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”轉(zhuǎn)折對比)

閱讀時(shí)，我們可以根據(jù)段落中出現(xiàn)的一些信號詞(Signal Words)來判斷句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，掌握段落發(fā)展線索，來調(diào)整閱讀速度，提高閱讀質(zhì)量。

1.顯示相同信息的信號詞：

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“l(fā)ikewise”這一信號詞顯示了前面所提到的idea后面還要再一次出現(xiàn)。因此，閱讀時(shí)見到這樣的信號詞無須放慢閱讀速度。這樣的信號詞還包括：

and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.顯示思路轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞：

I’d like to go but I’m too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向讀者顯示了作者的思路在這里有了轉(zhuǎn)折。閱讀時(shí)，碰到這樣的信號詞我們需放慢閱讀速度，以準(zhǔn)確獲取作者真正想要說明的意思。這類信號詞還有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.顯示因果關(guān)系的信號詞：

As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因?yàn)轱w行員們的罷工;飛行員們的罷工導(dǎo)致了所有的航班不得不被取消。顯示因果關(guān)系的信號詞還有：

for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.顯示順序的信號詞：

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second, the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了這樣的信號詞就把握住了作者敘述的順序，也就分清了相對獨(dú)立的論據(jù)。這樣的信號詞包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.表示結(jié)論/總結(jié)的信號詞：

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

詞組“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息將在這里被歸納總結(jié)。讀到帶有這樣的信號詞或短語的句子時(shí)，應(yīng)格外留心注意，它們往往會(huì)向我們提示相關(guān)段落的核心信息。表示結(jié)論或總結(jié)的信號詞和短語還有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

新托福口語考試中的閱讀材料只是一個(gè)百十來字的段落，閱讀時(shí)我們不應(yīng)把每個(gè)句子都孤立開來，而是要把所有的句子連成一個(gè)整體，通過準(zhǔn)確把握句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來挖掘段落的核心意義。這樣才不至于出現(xiàn)讀后“不知所云”的現(xiàn)象，才會(huì)為稍后的口語回答問題做好準(zhǔn)備。

托福獨(dú)立口語高頻話題資深講師批改分享：一心多用怎么做到?

本期托福獨(dú)立口語高頻話題

What would you do to handle many assignments at the same time?

學(xué)生對此話題的表述答案

If I have many assignments at the same time, first I need to make a list of those assignments in case that I have forget some of them. And then it is time to set the priorities. I need to figure out which assignments are the urgent and which are the less urgent. Of course, I would do the urgent assignment firstly. And during the process, patience is extremely important. I could make mistakes if I am too irritable. I need to arrange the time appropriately and try my best to improve the effeciency.

資深講師批改意見

語法方面出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤(Grammar)

1 and then————after that

2 the urgent/the less urgent————are urgent/are less urgent

表達(dá)部分存在的問題(Expression)

1 first I will————first

2 in case that I have forget————in case that I forget

3 firstly————first

4 and during————but during

此高頻話題高分口語模板分享

If I have many assignments at the same time, I will first need to make a list of those assignments in case I forget some of them. After that it is time to set the priorities. I need to figure out which assignments are urgent and which are less urgent. Of course, I need to do the urgent assignment first. But during the process, patience is extremely important. I could make mistakes if I am too irritable.

托?？谡Z真題： Pet

Pet

The animal: giraffe

The reasons you chose the animal:

-majestic animal

-long tongue and powerful lips

-awkward and goofy

If I could have a pet, I would have a giraffe. It is the most majestic animal in the world. It is tall and sleek. It bends down gracefully to pick leaves from trees using its long tongue and powerful lips. Its fur coat is the most beautiful found in the desert – a yellow background with large brown circles placed here and there. Despite its grace horns on its head and a somewhat goofy looking smile. To me the giraffe is a paradoxical animal – clumsily and awkwardly beautiful and graceful.

TV and film

The program: Seinfeld

The reasons you chose the program:

-funny

-mix of characters

-everyday situations

I like to watch the TV program Seinfeld because it is a funny show about ordinary people like my friends and me. None of the characters on the show are perfect people. Each one takes a turn getting into some trouble on screen. Sometimes they help each other out while other times they just make each feel silly for their mistakes. My friends and I try to see every episode. In fact, we often talk about the most recent episode when we see each other. I can really identify with the show because the characters are so similar to my friends.

Music

The type of music: rock music

The reasons you chose the music

- like beat

- sound of a generation

- music for a better life and a better society

I like all kinds of music but if I had to choose one type of music it would be rock. It was the lively beat of change for a whole society. Moreover, one of the leaders of this change was Jimi Hendrix. When I listen to his masterful electric guitar style, I can hear the energy of his generation. The music has a soul and an appealing sound. It has inspired many people to work for a better life for themselves and for a better society around them. Rock music has soul and has stood the rest of time.

Book

The book: the Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger

The reasons you chose the book:

- identified with the character

- challenges of my age group

- interesting point of view

When I read The Catcher in the Rye, By J. D. Salinger, it was already an old book, but I liked it because I identified with Holden Caulfield, the young man who was the main character. He was not always correct in his judgments about the way life was, although he had strong opinions. I liked to read about how he felt and what he understood. His constant wry observations about what he encounters, from teachers to phonies, capture the essence of the eternal teenage experience of alienation. In many ways, we still have the same challenges in life since the times of The Catcher in the Rye.

托福口語實(shí)例：Subject

Subject

The subject: math

The reasons you chose the subject

- difficult to understand

- not relevant to my life

- no time to catch up

My worst subject in school was mathematics. I didn’t understand it as well as other subjects. Furthermore, it was hard for me to see the relevant of math in my life. I just never saw the point of studying so many formulas and equations that seem so abstract. I think I could have been good in math if my teacher were to have taken more time to explain it to me.Maybe I needed a different approach to math. In as much as I was weaker in math, I was stronger in art, literature and even biology so there was balance in my subjects and in my marks. sport

The sport: golf

The reasons you chose the sports:

- good exercise

- have fun and relax

- play to win

I recently took up golf because I though it might be a sport that would be fun and useful. So far, I have discovered that golf requires a lot of time and a lot of walking. This, however, adds to the fun and relaxation of a round of golf. Golf has also taught me to concentrate and to take many factors into account, such as wind and slope. Although I like to play to win,even if I don’t beat my partner, I know I have played well if I have improved my own score. I think by choosing golf I have found a good way to do business in the future as well as have fun learning it now. gift

The gift: music box

The reasons you chose the gift:

- sentimental

- thoughtful

- useful

My favorite gift is a music box. It has a great amount of sentimental value. It was given to me as a gift for my first dance recital with my ballet class. I was only seven years old and my family planned a dinner celebration. At the table, my father presented me with a little jewelry box. When I opened it, music played and a small plastic pink ballerina burned in a mirror.My family knew how much I loved ballet and understood my dream of becoming a ballet dancer. I didn’t become a ballet dancer, but I still use my favorite gift because it reminds me of my parent’s thoughtfulness.

Motto

The motto: honesty is the best policy

The reasons you chose the motto:

- personal philosophy

- easier to live with

- overall moral good

My motto is “honesty is the best policy” because life is easier when we tell the truth. I have felt this way ever since I read the story of Pinocchio, the little marionette whose wooden nose grew whenever he told a lie. It just seems better to deal with the truth. As a result, there are no surprises or stories that don’t match up. It also helps people treat themselves with more self-respect and in turn, others will treat them in a more dignified manner. Lying to others is lying to oneself. If everyone were honest, we would all fell better in our personal lives and in dealing at work.