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托福獨立口語如何讓觀點更有說服力?這4個表達(dá)要點讓你能自圓其說。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送型懈*毩⒖谡Z如何讓觀點更有說服力,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福獨立口語如何讓觀點更有說服力?這4個表達(dá)要點讓你能自圓其說

托福獨立口語重視觀點表達(dá)

就某一話題闡述自己的觀點是托福口語部分的第一題,也就是獨立口語TASK1的考試內(nèi)容。通常這類話題針對日常生活中發(fā)生的事情,考生需要給出自己的看法觀點并提供理由。此類題目更多的是考查考生的思維應(yīng)對能力。那么我們?nèi)绾卧谕懈?谡Z考試中闡述自己的觀點呢?

1. 按照總分結(jié)構(gòu)開門見山

盡量按照總分的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行敘述,單刀直入,這也是西方人習(xí)慣的表達(dá)方式。由一句主題句引出觀點與中心,讓考官能夠清晰地得知敘述的主題,從而打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。如果在考題中出現(xiàn)了問題,則應(yīng)該開門見山地回答問題,切入主題,闡明自己的觀點,從而為接下來的詳細(xì)敘述理清層次以及節(jié)約時間,如果有多余的時間,則可以再增添一句總結(jié)的話語,使敘述詳盡完整。

2. 合理使用邏輯詞

在敘述的過程中應(yīng)該合理地利用邏輯詞匯,這樣使文章的邏輯順暢,條理清晰。中國人說話習(xí)慣靠上下文去分析句與句的關(guān)系,但是西方人不同,他們習(xí)慣用邏輯連接詞來表達(dá)句子關(guān)系,如果按照中國人的思維去說英語,在外國人看來就是一堆雜亂無章的句子羅列,這樣的分?jǐn)?shù)常常會十分的不好看。論點的敘述,則應(yīng)該盡量在草稿上簡單羅列,講述時由淺至深,增強(qiáng)邏輯性與條理性。所以,在練習(xí)口語的過程中,最好請一位外教跟蹤輔導(dǎo),為學(xué)生糾正口音以及語言習(xí)慣等問題。

3. 抽象話題具體化

在描述時,應(yīng)該盡量將抽象的話語具體化,不能很空泛地喊口號做呼吁,這樣常常收效甚微。西方人習(xí)慣十分具體生動的描述,如描述環(huán)境很優(yōu)美,不應(yīng)該僅僅說“it's beautiful outside”,而可以去描述flower,tree,bird等細(xì)節(jié),增強(qiáng)生動性。

4. 概括問題細(xì)節(jié)化

面對十分概括的問題時,許多考生會覺得十分難以開口,只能讓時間白白流失,痛失了分?jǐn)?shù)。針對這類問題,就應(yīng)該將問題縮小到一個具體的事物進(jìn)行敘述和討論,縮小問題尋找突破口,這種方法也是所有寬泛問題的應(yīng)對方式。

新托福語法:強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述式與疑問式

1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述式

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述式為“It is (was) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who)…”。該結(jié)構(gòu)可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語等,但不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞。該句式中用that或who的區(qū)別是:當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的指人時,用that或who均可;當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的不是指人時,則只能用that(注意不用which)。如:It was in the office that he was killed. 他是辦公室被殺害的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)in the office)

It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子們打破窗戶的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the children)

It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借錢給你,不借給其他人。(強(qiáng)調(diào)to you and not anyone)

It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 當(dāng)你有了自己的孩子,才能真切地了解到雙親的辛苦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)only when you have your own children)

2. 一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)就是將be提到句首,即使用“Is / Was it+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that / who…”。如:Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是湯米接的電話嗎? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 報紙獲利最多的部分是在于廣告收入嗎?

3. 特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句型為“疑問詞(Who / What / When / Where / Why / How)+is / was it that…”這樣的形式。如:When was it that he got married? 他是什么時候結(jié)婚的? How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看見她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯? Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 為什么總是該我來洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeare's is it that Viola appears? 維歐拉是在莎士比亞那個劇里出現(xiàn)的嗎?

新托福語法:permit后接動詞的用法規(guī)律

若其后直接跟動詞要用動名詞

Time doesn't permit my waiting longer. 時間不允許我等得太久。

The rules of the club do not permit smoking. 這個俱樂部規(guī)定不準(zhǔn)吸煙。

若其后先接賓語再跟動詞則要用不定式

His health does not permit him to come. 他的健康(狀況)不允許他來。

Her father would not permit her to eat sweets. 她父親不允許她吃糖果。

比較下面兩句

We don't permit smoking in the lecture room. 我們不允許在大教室抽煙。

We don't permit people to smoke in the lecture room. 我們不允許人們在大教室抽煙。

新托福語法:A Lot of / a Lot / Lots

This week's question from Violet is about the phrase 許多。What's the difference between 'a lot of' and 'a lot'?

Yang Li and William Kremer explain that although the basic meaning of both phrases are the same, the grammar and usage are slightly different.

Look at the following dialogue to see how they are used:

Li:Hi Sarah! Do you fancy going for a coffee today? Sarah 想一起喝杯咖啡嗎?

Sarah:Oh, I'd love to but I don't really havea lot of time today because I'm going on holiday on Monday and desperately need to pack this afternoon. 想到是想,不過今天我沒有多少時間,因為我周一去度假,下午得趕緊準(zhǔn)備行李。

Li: No problem! But do you really have a lotto pack? 沒關(guān)系,不過你有很多東西要打包嗎?

Sarah: Yes, lots! I have a young baby and need to take a lot of things with me. 是很多東西!我有個嬰兒,需要帶很多東西。

Li: Ah, it sounds as though you have a lot on your plate today. Hope the packing goes well. Have a lovely holiday! 聽上去你手里的活兒可不少,好好準(zhǔn)備,祝你假期愉快。

Sarah: Thank you!謝了。

Notice there is a noun following the phrase 'a lot of'. 只要使用 a lot of, 那么在of的后面一定要跟名詞或代詞,否則句子不完整。

With 'a lot' and 'lots' you don't need to have a noun or pronoun. 在以上三個句子中 a lot 和 lots 后面不需要名詞或代詞,因為其本身就是名詞,意思是許多東西,許多事情。

We hope that the above examples help give you a better idea of how these phrases are used but as always, our advice is to read as widely as possible to improve your sense of when to use them appropriately.

If you have a question about English, email it to [email protected]. We might answer it on this programme.

Glossary 詞匯

usage 用法

slightly different 稍有不同

desperately 急切地

to pack 打包;準(zhǔn)備行裝

to have a lot on one's place手里的事太多

托福語法:時間從句中一般過去時與過去完成時

A 由when連接的從句

一個過去的動作緊接另一動作時:

He called her a liar.

他罵她撒謊。

She smacked his face.

她打了他一個耳光。

可以用when把這兩個一般過去時的句子連接起來。連接的條件是,從意思上可以明顯看出后一動作跟隨前一動作,二者并不是同時發(fā)生的:

When he called her a liar she smacked his face.

他罵她撒謊時,她打了他一個耳光。

兩個過去時這樣用時,通常存在這樣的概念:第一個動作導(dǎo)致第二個動作,而后者是緊接前者發(fā)生的:

When he opened the window the bird flew out.

他一打開窗戶鳥就飛出去了。

When the play ended the audience went home.

劇結(jié)束后,觀眾就回家了。

When he died he was given a state funeral.

他去世后,為他舉行了國葬。

過去完成時用于when之后,是為了避免使用兩個一般過去時可能給人造成兩個動作同時發(fā)生的印象:

When he had shut the window we opened the door of the cage.

他關(guān)了窗戶之后,我們把籠門打開了。(我們等他關(guān)緊了窗戶才打開籠門。)

When she had sung her song she sat down.

她唱完歌之后坐了下來。(如寫成 When she sang her song she satdown,可能造成她是坐著唱歌的印象。)

When he had seen all the pictures he said he was ready to leave.

他看了所有的畫之后說他要走了。(在他看完畫之后……)試和下句相比較:

When he saw all the pictures he expressed amazement that one manshould have painted so many.

他看見所有的畫時,表示十分驚奇,一個人竟然畫了這么多畫。(他一看見畫就這么說。)

過去完成時同樣可以與as soon as,the moment,immediately連用。(關(guān)于as作為表示時間的連詞的用法,參見第332節(jié)。)

B 過去完成時可以與till/until和before連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個動作結(jié)束或預(yù)期將結(jié)束,但要注意在till/until+過去完成時+一般過去時結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示一般過去時的動作可以位于表示過去完成時的動作之前,而在before+過去完成時+一般過去時結(jié)構(gòu)中表示一般過去時的動作總是位于表示過去完成時的動作之前:

He refused to go till he had seen all the pictures.

他在看完所有的畫之后才同意走。

He did not wait till we had finished our meal.

他沒等到我們吃完飯就走了。

Before we had finished our meal he ordered us back to work.

沒等我們吃完飯,他就命令我們回去干活。

Before we had walked ten miles he complained of sore feet.

我們還沒走出十英里路,他就抱怨腳痛了。

也可以在表示時間的從句中和主句中都用過去完成時:

It was a very expensive town.Before we had been here a week we hadspent all our money.

那是一個物價很貴的地方。我們到這兒還不到一星期,就花光了所有的錢。

C 在after之后一般用過去完成時態(tài):

After the will had been read there were angry exclamations.

遺囑宣讀完之后,激起了一片憤怒的?時刻回顧更為過去的動作時,要用過去完成時。如果有兩個這樣的動作:He had beento school but he had learnt nothing there,so was now illiterate(他上過學(xué)但什么也沒學(xué)到,因此現(xiàn)在還是個文盲),而又想用時間連詞把它們連接起來,就可以用when等連詞連接兩個過去完成時:

When he had been at school he had learnt nothing,so he was now illiter-ate.

他上學(xué)的時候什么也沒學(xué)到,所以現(xiàn)在還是個文盲。

但更常見的情況是,這里時間從句中的動詞用一般過去時:

When he was at school he had learnt nothing,

(譯文同上。)

類似的例句還有:

He had stayed in his father’s firm till his father died.Then he had startedhis own business and was now a very successful man.

他在父親的公司里一直呆到父親去世。之后他便自己開業(yè),其時已成為一個事業(yè)有成的商人。

E 表示認(rèn)識、理解等的動詞一般在時間從句中不用過去完成時,除非有時間修飾:

When she had known me for a year she invited me to tea.

她認(rèn)識了我一年之后,邀請我吃茶點。

When I knew the work of one department thoroughly I was moved to thenext department.

在我完全熟悉了一個部門的工作之后,又被調(diào)到另一部門。相當(dāng)于:

As soon as I knew…

試與下句比較:

When I had learnt the work of one department I was moved.

我學(xué)會一個部門的工作之后,就被調(diào)走了。



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