托?？谡Z如何應(yīng)對思維考察類題型?訓(xùn)練邏輯思維很重要，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈？谡Z如何應(yīng)對思維考察類題型,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福口語如何應(yīng)對思維考察類題型?訓(xùn)練邏輯思維很重要

托?？谡Z重在考察邏輯思維能力

說到口語，人們的第一反應(yīng)多半是語音語調(diào)，其實對于托?？荚噥碚f，口語部分考察的并不只有語音語調(diào)，還有相當大的比重是考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，這就要求考生的答案內(nèi)容充實，邏輯清晰，特別是口語的 3-6 題涉及對題干的整合，所以對考生邏輯能力的要求也就更高。如果對材料的整合不過關(guān)，即使語音語調(diào)炸翻天，也會顯得內(nèi)容過 low，從而很難獲得高分。

實例講解托福口語對邏輯思維的要求

下面就用具體題目來解釋一下，所謂邏輯清晰、內(nèi)容完備的高分答案長什么樣。

托?？谡Z第五題屬于校園對話，題目設(shè)置非常清楚：聽力對話會給出其中一人面臨的困境和兩個解決方案，但是兩個方案各有利弊，需要考生給出建議并解釋原因。本題題目要求如下：

Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.

接下來我們聽一下這段音頻，聽完音頻之后，我們需要對音頻內(nèi)容進行筆記整理。

Problems: bus leaves earlier V.S. can’t catch it because of chemistry class

Solution 1: work at night

detail 1: boss agree & won’t miss the bus

Detail 2: tired, have class next morning

Solution 2: ride a bike

Detail 3: work on time, not far, do some exercise

Detail 4: bad weather

借助筆記，整個材料的內(nèi)容盡收眼底，我們可以清楚的看出兩個方案的利弊，所以在回答的時候就能明確該如何取舍。需要注意的是，答案沒有對錯之分，不論選擇哪個方案，只要理由充分即可。如果你更傾向于 solution 1，那么你的理由就應(yīng)該是 detail 1 和detail 4;同樣的，如果覺得 solution 2 更好，那對應(yīng)的理由就是 detail 2 和 detail 3。在此基礎(chǔ)上，如果時間允許，最好將自己所選解決方案的弊端也闡述一下，例如如果選擇為 solution 2，針對其弊端，也就是 detail 4，可以弱化其影響，從而顯得 solution 2 更有說服力。以本題為例，就可以說 bad weather 屬于個別現(xiàn)象，所以對騎行的影響很小，即使發(fā)生，可以臨時想辦法調(diào)整。

在時間安排上，60s 的作答時間，一般描述困境和兩個解決方案在 15s 左右，給出自己的建議需要 5s，最后 40s 用來解釋建議的理由。當然考試安排不一定非得嚴格按照這個時間來規(guī)劃，反而會限制自己的發(fā)揮，不過可以以此為參考， 以求讓自己的條理更清晰，內(nèi)容更完整。

具備高水平邏輯思維能力的解答參考

最后，給出一個sample answer供各位考生參考：

The man’s problem is that the bus schedule has changed and therefore, he can’t catch the bus for his chemistry class. He can either change his work time or ride a bike to his workplace.

For me, riding a bike is a more preferable choice. You see, if the man works at night, he must be tired and in a bad state for the morning class next day. If he rides a bike, however, he can not only be there on time but also do some exercise. Actually it’s not far, for just about 15 minutes.

Of course riding a bike is uncomfortable when the weather is bad, but this may not happen often. And though it happens, the man can then choose to work at night or come up with some other solutions.

托福考試口語備考：新托?？谡Z解碼

對于廣大準備到海外求學(xué)的托?？忌?2006年9月15日實施的新托福無疑是個陌生的領(lǐng)域,而其中的口語部分由于首次在托?？荚囍辛料喽讹@神秘。

新托福的口語部分模擬了北美大學(xué)課堂的學(xué)術(shù)氣氛及學(xué)生在校園生活的方方面面,要求考生能夠做課堂筆記、發(fā)表自己的意見和看法,并具備對教授推薦的參考書寫讀書報告、闡明論點的能力,以及其它處理校園生活中可能遇到的各種情況的能力。

現(xiàn)行的托福雖然不設(shè)口語測試,但其姐妹篇TSE(Test of Spoken English)恰好彌補了這方面的不足。新托福的口試也將在現(xiàn)行TSE考試的基礎(chǔ)上孕育產(chǎn)生。

相對于TSE而言,新托福的口試在形式與內(nèi)容上有了繼承的發(fā)展。

TSE的形式與內(nèi)容

TSE考試全部過程約為60分鐘,但實際考試時間僅為20分鐘,而考生錄到磁帶上的答題錄音累計時間則更短,僅為6分鐘左右。

試題的指導(dǎo)說明在試題冊和制好的試題磁帶上,考生對試題的回答將和題干一并錄入空白的答題磁帶上。

現(xiàn)行TSE考試試題共分為七部分:

(1)用錄音提問一些考生本人的基本情況。每一問題之后,有短暫的答題時間,在實際考試中,答題時間每題約為15秒鐘。

(2)題冊上給出一篇短文?？忌扔靡环昼姇r間閱讀,然后用一分鐘時間朗讀。要求發(fā)音準確,口齒清晰,朗讀流暢。

(3)題冊上給出一系列不完整的句子,考生可隨自己的思路加以補充完成。答案可以不同,但完成的句子要意思完整,語法準確。實際考試時,完成每個句子允許用10秒鐘時間。

(4)題冊上給出一組系列故事的連環(huán)畫?？忌M行看圖說話?？忌上扔靡环昼娍催@些畫面,然后再用一分鐘敘述故事,敘述時應(yīng)盡可能準確和詳細。

(5)題冊上給出一副畫和就此畫提出的4個問題。在聽問題之前可以看圖一分鐘,然后仔細聽題并作答?；卮饡r,考生應(yīng)在允許的時間里盡可能多說一些,每一題回答時允許用12秒鐘時間。

(6)要求考生描述某些事物或就國際上普遍關(guān)注的話題發(fā)表意見?？忌谠试S時間里對每一問題要盡可能多加評論。評分取決于考生如何表達思想的方式,而不取決于觀點本身?？荚囍?回答每個問題的時間為45秒鐘。

(7)題冊上給出班級、俱樂部或會議等的活動日程或通知?？忌上茸屑氶喿x一分鐘后,用一分鐘時間解釋這些日程或通知。解釋時一定要包括所有重要的細節(jié),并要設(shè)想自己是對很多聽眾作解釋,而不能僅僅翻譯這些日程或通知。

可見,現(xiàn)行的TSE通過對以上七部分內(nèi)容的測試,基本上可以判斷出考生的英語口頭表達能力,包括語音、語調(diào)及語法的掌握程度。

新托福口語的形式與內(nèi)容

我個人認為TSE考試在托福改題之后仍會繼續(xù)考察一段時間,從而逐步淡出歷史舞臺。而取而代之的新托福可以說是TSE考試的加強版。這個部分共有6道題,持續(xù)約20分鐘,包括獨立回答題,讀聽后回答題和先聽后答題等三種題型,以考察學(xué)生的閱讀理解,聽力理解和口語表達等綜合能力。下面我們就結(jié)合ETS對新托福口語部分的指導(dǎo)說明來揭開新托?？谡Z的“神秘面紗”:

Speaking Section Directions In this section of the test, you will be able to demonstrate your ability to speak about a variety of topics. You will answer six questions by speaking into the microphone. Answer each of the questions as completely as possible.

In questions one and two, you will speak about familiar topics. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently about the topics.

第1題和第2題為獨立回答題,要求考生就某一話題闡述自己的觀點。準備時間為15秒,回答問題時間為45秒。問題會被朗讀出來,同時會出現(xiàn)在屏幕上。比如:

Narrator Describe a class you have taken in school and explain why the class was important to you. Include details and examples to support your explanation.

Please begin speaking after the beep. [2 secs beep]

[Appearing on screen]

1. Describe a class you have taken in school and explain why the class was important to you. Include details and examples to support your explanation.

Preparation time: 15 seconds

Response time: 45 seconds

In questions three and four, you will first read a short text. The text will go away and you will then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about what you have read and heard. You will need to combine appropriate information from the test and the talk to provide a complete answer to the question. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently and on your ability to accurately convey information about what you read and heard.

第3題和第4題則以試題中的閱讀和聽力材料為基礎(chǔ),要求考生回答相關(guān)問題。具體步驟是首先讓考生在45秒內(nèi)閱讀一篇短文,一般只含一個自然段,隨后短文隱去,播放一段與短文相關(guān)的對話或課堂演講,其長度大約為1分半鐘。最后,要求考生根據(jù)先前閱讀的短文和播放的對話或課堂演講回答相關(guān)問題,考生有30秒鐘的準備時間,然后進行60秒鐘的回答,考生可以在聽錄音的過程中做筆記來幫助答題。比如:

Reading Time: 45 seconds

Announcement from the president The university has decided to increase tuition and fees for all students by approximately 8 percent next semester. For the past 5 years, the tuition and fees have remained the same, but it is necessary to increase them now for several reasons. The university has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire additional professors to teach these students. We have also made a new commitment to research and technology, and will be renovating and upgrading our laboratory facilities to better meet our students' needs.

Narrator

Now listen to two students as they discuss the announcement. [2 seconds]

Student A Oh great, now we have to come up with more money for next semester.

Student B Yeah, I know, but I can see why. When I first started here, classes were so much smaller than they are now. With this many students, it's hard to get the personal attention you need……

Student A Yeah, I guess you're right. You know, in some classes I can't even get a seat. And I couldn't take the math course I wanted to because it was already full when I signed up.

Student B And the other thing is, well, I am kind of worried about not being able to get a job after I graduate.

Student A Why? I mean you're doing really well in your classes, aren't you?

Student B I'm doing ok, but the facilities here are so limited. There are some great new experiments in microbiology that we can't even do here…… there isn't enough equipment in the laboratories, and the equipment they have is out of date. How am I going to compete for jobs with people who have practical research experience? I think the extra tuition will be a good investment. [2 seconds]

Narrator The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.

Please begin speaking after the beep. [2 secs beep]

3. The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.

Preparation time: 30 seconds

Response time: 60 seconds

In questions five and six, you will listen to part of a conversation or a lecture. You will then be asked a question about what you heard. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently and on your ability to accurately convey information about what you heard

第五、六題要求考生先聽一段聽力材料,然后回答相關(guān)問題。聽力材料通常一段是情景對話,另一段是課堂演講,其長度大約為1分半鐘?？忌?0秒鐘的準備時間,之后進行60秒鐘的回答。比如:

Narrator Please Listen Carefully

Narrator You may begin to prepare your response after the beep. [2 secs beep]

Narrator Now listen to a conversation between two students.

Student A Hey Lisa, how's it going?

Student B Hi Mark. Uh, I'm OK, I guess, but my schoolwork is really stressing me out.

Student A [sympathetically] Yeah? What's wrong?

Student B Well, I've got a paper to write, and two exams to study for. And a bunch of math problems to finish. It's just so much that I can't concentrate on any of it. I start concentrating on studying for one of my exams, and then I'm like, how long's it gonna take to finish that problem set?

Student A Wow sounds like you've got a lot more work than you can handle right now. [Not wanting to sound too pushy] Look have you talked to some of your professors……I mean, you know , try to explain the problem. Look, you could probably get an extension on your paper, or on the math assignment……

Student B You think? It would give me a little more time to prepare for my exams right now.

Student A Well, I mean another thing that you might do …… I mean have you tried making yourself a schedule? I mean that's what I do when I'm feeling overwhelmed.

Student B What does that do for you?

Student A Well, I mean it helps you to focus your energies. You know, you make yourself a chart that shows the next few days and the time till your stuff is due and……

Student B Uh-huh [meaning “I'm listening”]

Student A I mean think about what you need to do, and when you have to do it by. You know then start filling in your schedule——like, all right 9:00 [nine] to 11:30 [eleven-thirty] A.M., study for exam. 12:00 [twelve] to 3:00 [three], work on problem set. But I mean don't make the time periods too long. Like, don't put in eight hours of studying——you know, you'll get tired, or start worrying about your other work again. But if you keep to your schedule, you know you'll just have to worry about one thing at a time.

Student B Yeah, that might work. [somewhat noncommitally]

Narrator The students discuss two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Describe the problem. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.

Please begin speaking after the beep. [2 secs beep]

[Appearing on screen]

5. The students discuss two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Describe the problem. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.

Preparation time: 20 seconds

Response time: 60 seconds

You may take notes while you read and while you listen to the conversations and lectures. You may use your notes to help prepare your response.Listen carefully to the directions for each question. The directions will not be written on the screen.

For each question you will be given a short time to prepare your response. A clock will show how much preparation time is remaining. When the preparation time is up, you will be told to begin your response. A clock will show how much response time is remaining. A message will appear on the screen when the response time has ended.

考生可以在聽音過程中記筆記以幫助答題。在準備和答題時,屏幕上會顯示倒計時的時鐘。每個回答的得分是0-4分,分數(shù)范圍是0-30.其評分以回答的質(zhì)量、完整性和準確性為依據(jù).

托福考試口語備考：新托?？谡Z解碼

對于絕大多數(shù)中國考生而言,Presentation Skills的缺乏勢必導(dǎo)致兩大誤區(qū):

第一大誤區(qū)是先Beat around the bush,再漸漸切入正題,最后才做出較為精準的總結(jié)。這顯然與以漢語為母語的語言交流習(xí)慣有關(guān),這在平時的一般交流中或許不那么致命,甚至有些英語為母語的人平時講話也有這種習(xí)慣,但是在一分鐘甚至是45秒的答題時間里這樣做,就無異于浪費寶貴的答題時間,將60秒或45秒的可用來得分的空間縮小到30秒甚至是20秒,使整個答案的質(zhì)量大打折扣。

第二大誤區(qū)是毫無計劃地想到哪,說到哪,甚至中途改變主意,否定前面所說內(nèi)容,做出一個自相矛盾的答案。對于ETS的命題者來說,這兩種誤區(qū)都恰恰暴露了中國學(xué)生沒有受過系統(tǒng)的Presentation訓(xùn)練的弱點。要知道,在西方特別是北美,這是一項從中小學(xué)就開始注重培養(yǎng)的跨學(xué)科的綜合技能。

那么怎樣才可以避免以上兩種誤區(qū)呢?下面就結(jié)合新托?？谡Z的三大題型分別作以解析:

一。獨立回答題:

Describe a class you have taken in school and explain why the class was important to you. Include details and examples to support your explanation.

Preparation time: 15 seconds

Response time: 45 seconds

閱讀題干應(yīng)該在5秒內(nèi)完成,這樣就能保證在答題之前有20秒的時間(包括narrator讀題時間)進行brain-storming.有關(guān)在學(xué)校上過的一門課的重要性不外乎從以下幾個方面來敘述。

第一,這門課對于其它后續(xù)課的奠基作用。第二,所積累的知識對于今后實際運用的指導(dǎo)作用。第三,對于個人綜合素質(zhì)及品位的提高。

為什么要分成這么多點論述呢?因為如果只就一個要點深入闡述,很容易走題或者進入一個英語無法表達的死角;同時分成若干點還便于控制時間。比如這道題目的45秒答題時間可以分配給每個分點10秒,這樣就不會過早或者過晚地完成整個答題的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。

至于選什么課來說則遵循什么容易就講什么的原則,這是因為托?？谡Z考試和ETS其它考試一樣是不需要任何專業(yè)背景的知識的。因此,考生大可以談一些中學(xué)里學(xué)過的主課,如數(shù)學(xué),語文和外語,而避免談大學(xué)里的專業(yè)課,如生物,化學(xué)及各類工程類課程等。

在開始答題的時候,應(yīng)首先說出一句Topic Sentence 點出這門課的名稱。如果準備不是很充分,為了避免出現(xiàn)答題空白,可以附帶交代這門課的背景信息,如何時選修的,哪位教授任課,但一定要控制在10秒以內(nèi)。這種技能叫Skill of Buying Time.隨后,三條理由依次列出,切不可忘記Important是論述的核心,千萬不能無意中轉(zhuǎn)而強調(diào)這門課Difficult或Interesting.

本題參考答案:

In my previous studies at college, there are quite a few importance courses and one of the most important one of them, if I had to choose one, would be Calculus. Well, as I am an engineering major, in my curriculum there are many courses requiring complicated calculation, equation deduction and math model building. All these need knowledge in calculus as a foundation. Besides, mastery of some quantitative analysis methods will greatly benefit my ability to make a sensible judgment in a complex situation in workplace, no matter what job I'll take up in the future. Finally, without a good sense of advanced mathematics, I will not be able to appreciate the beauty of symmetry in many artistic forms.

二。讀聽后回答題

Reading Time: 45 seconds

Announcement from the president The university has decided to increase tuition and fees for all students by approximately 8 percent next semester. For the past 5 years, the tuition and fees have remained the same, but it is necessary to increase them now for several reasons. The university has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire additional professors to teach these students. We have also made a new commitment to research and technology, and will be renovating and upgrading our laboratory facilities to better meet our students' needs.

Narrator

Now listen to two students as they discuss the announcement. [2 seconds]

Student A Oh great, now we have to come up with more money for next semester.

Student B Yeah, I know, but I can see why. When I first started here, classes were so much smaller than they are now. With this many students, it's hard to get the personal attention you need……

Student A Yeah, I guess you're right. You know, in some classes I can't even get a seat. And I couldn't take the math course I wanted to because it was already full when I signed up.

Student B And the other thing is, well, I am kind of worried about not being able to get a job after I graduate.

Student A Why? I mean you're doing really well in your classes, aren't you?

Student B I'm doing ok, but the facilities here are so limited. There are some great new experiments in microbiology that we can't even do here…… there isn't enough equipment in the laboratories, and the equipment they have is out of date. How am I going to compete for jobs with people who have practical research experience? I think the extra tuition will be a good investment. [2 seconds]

Narrator The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.

Please begin speaking after the beep. [2 secs beep]

The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.

Preparation time: 30 seconds

Response time: 60 seconds

對于該題,首先要快速讀完文字通知部分,再聽懂AB兩者間的對話方可答題。若在答題前先掃描題干,可以看出這道題也是一道Issue題,只是其觀點并非由答題者自由發(fā)揮,而是必須在聽明白其中那名女生的觀點后加以有條理的復(fù)述。

請?zhí)貏e注意,這道題的關(guān)鍵是要闡述她的觀點并加以說理,若一些舉例性的細節(jié)實在沒有聽清楚可以略過。不過這也意味著歸納總結(jié)能力是此題所考查的英語語言運用能力之一。

本題參考答案:

The woman is in favor of the university's decision to raise the tuition and fee for all students. One of her reasons is that the university needs to hire more faculty members so that class size would be made smaller. She has noticed that the ever-expanding class size has kept students from getting enough personal attention they need. She also agrees that the lack of faculty members has led to the limited opportunity for students to take the courses they are interested in. Besides, she thinks it is highly necessary for the university to be financed to purchase better research facilities so that students would have the opportunity to conduct all the experiments they need to master for their future career.

三。先聽后答題

Narrator Please Listen Carefully

Narrator You may begin to prepare your response after the beep. [2 secs beep]

Narrator Now listen to a conversation between two students.

Student A Hey Lisa, how's it going?

Student B Hi Mark. Uh, I'm OK, I guess, but my schoolwork is really stressing me out.

Student A [sympathetically] Yeah? What's wrong?

Student B Well, I've got a paper to write, and two exams to study for. And a bunch of math problems to finish. It's just so much that I can't concentrate on any of it. I start concentrating on studying for one of my exams, and then I'm like, how long's it gonna take to finish that problem set?

Student A Wow sounds like you've got a lot more work than you can handle right now. [Not wanting to sound too pushy] Look have you talked to some of your professors……I mean, you know , try to explain the problem. Look, you could probably get an extension on your paper, or on the math assignment……

Student B You think? It would give me a little more time to prepare for my exams right now.

Student A Well, I mean another thing that you might do …… I mean have you tried making yourself a schedule? I mean that's what I do when I'm feeling overwhelmed.

Student B What does that do for you?

Student A Well, I mean it helps you to focus your energies. You know, you make yourself a chart that shows the next few days and the time till your stuff is due and……

Student B Uh-huh [meaning “I'm listening”]

Student A I mean think about what you need to do, and when you have to do it by. You know then start filling in your schedule——like, all right 9:00 [nine] to 11:30 [eleven-thirty] A.M., study for exam. 12:00 [twelve] to 3:00 [three], work on problem set. But I mean don't make the time periods too long. Like, don't put in eight hours of studying——you know, you'll get tired, or start worrying about your other work again. But if you keep to your schedule, you know you'll just have to worry about one thing at a time.

Student B Yeah, that might work. [somewhat noncommitally]

Narrator The students discuss two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Describe the problem. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.

Please begin speaking after the beep. [2 secs beep]

[Appearing on screen]

5. The students discuss two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Describe the problem. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.

Preparation time: 20 seconds

Response time: 60 seconds

本題參考答案:

I would prefer the second solution suggested by the woman in the dialogue because I think studying with certain measure of pressure is good exercise for one's ability to budget and make full use of time. In this way, making effective schedules is very important for it optimizes the distribution of time resource over different study tasks, keeping the learner from spending time irrationally over long periods of low-efficiency work. Also once a schedule is made, by strictly observing it, a learner can avoid any unconscious behavior of procrastination or slacking off, keeping himself energetic in the alternation of different study tasks. Application for an extension on the paper or assignment might be a good idea, but it does not solve the problem eventually. Sooner or later, all the tasks have to be carried out and sometime it's hard to foresee if another test is one the way…