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2020GRE寫作如何正確表達(dá)論述觀點(diǎn)

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雖然GRE考試的寫作題庫公開,考試題目從中隨機(jī)抽取,但這看似開卷考試的形式卻一點(diǎn)都不簡(jiǎn)單。下面小編就和大家分享GRE寫作提分請(qǐng)重視開頭結(jié)尾,希望能夠幫助到大家,來欣賞一下吧!

GRE寫作提分請(qǐng)重視開頭結(jié)尾

新GRE考試經(jīng)典寫作模板匯總:開頭

In the argument, the …(主題對(duì)象) recommends that …(對(duì)結(jié)論做論述,基本上可以抄原文,用另外一種方式表達(dá)即可). To support this recommendation the argument point out that …(說明文章用了什么論據(jù)去證明觀點(diǎn)了,同上抄襲即可) however …This argument is logically flawed in several critical respects (說明這篇文章邏輯上是有缺陷的).

新GRE考試經(jīng)典寫作模板匯總:攻擊論據(jù)

1. 調(diào)查結(jié)果沒有證據(jù)申明

To begin with, the argument depends on the assumption that… (闡述說出了一個(gè)沒有根據(jù)的申明,并說出文中的原因) —rather than for some other reasons. Yet it is entirely possible that… (說明這種猜測(cè)可能的原因) or some other factor. Without ruling out all other reasons why… (重述這個(gè)申明)…(說出反方向的結(jié)論).

2. 提到了樣本,但是數(shù)據(jù)不具有代表性(數(shù)據(jù)不夠)

Firstly, the author provides no evidence that the survey is statistically reliable. Perhaps the survey’s sample is not sufficient in size or representative of the quality of …(說明對(duì)象的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量不夠) For that matter, this survey is not strong enough to establish causation between… (在這里列出原因和結(jié)果,做比較) However, the other reasons of the survey which (敘述其他原因下的情況). As a result, without the evidence that the survey is statistically reliable the author cannot justifiably draw any conclusion by relying on this survey.

3. 猜測(cè),但是沒有證據(jù)

Thirdly, the argument assumes that… (闡述文中的猜測(cè)) However, the letter provides no evidence to substantiate this assumption. In fact, the letter suggests that this might be the case. By admitting that …, the letter implies that …說明影響他們happy的因素還有其他的方面,不光是研究中所列舉。

新GRE考試經(jīng)典寫作模板匯總:攻擊論證過程

1. 時(shí)間上的錯(cuò)誤類比

To begin with,…(陳述某個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)) may not a reliable date of that rate would be now(和現(xiàn)在相比較是不可信的). Perhaps the… (反例), For that matter, perhaps …(說出反例的情況下會(huì)導(dǎo)致何種結(jié)果). In short, without ruling out other possible reasons for …(假設(shè)說出針對(duì)反例應(yīng)該怎么做)the memo’s author cannot convince me on the basis of …(說出應(yīng)該有的結(jié)論)

2.錯(cuò)誤的因果關(guān)系

3. 兩個(gè)事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤的類比

Even if…(讓步,即使某個(gè)條件成立) the argument unfairly assumes that…(說明錯(cuò)誤的類比的情況). It is entirely possible that the …(比較對(duì)象) own different situations. Perhaps …(具體說出反例) Without accounting for such differences between the two places is unreliable.

4. 錯(cuò)誤的推論

Even if …(讓步,即使某個(gè)條件成立)the argument relied on the future assumption that …(說出要讓步的是事實(shí)). Yet the only evidence the argument offer to substantiate this assumption (說出文中的根據(jù)). Perhaps …(說出有可能出現(xiàn)的其他情況導(dǎo)致這個(gè)事實(shí))if so, (說出不一樣的結(jié)果,與上面事實(shí)相矛盾). Or…(其他的情況) In short, without more information about…(對(duì)上面的可能情況總結(jié)) were established it is impossible to assess …(回到上面的結(jié)論).

新GRE考試經(jīng)典寫作模板匯總:結(jié)論的攻擊

1. 說明結(jié)論不完美,可以有其他的方法

Finally, the argument fails to consider …(有更好的辦法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)). Perhaps by…(辦法一), or by (辦法二), (對(duì)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行展望) In short, without weighing the suggestion against alternatives, it is unconvincing that (說明提供的方案不好).

2. 贏利

Finally, even if the families support to build the new seafood restaurant, the restaurant would not necessarily be profitable as a result. Profitability is a function of both revenue and expense. Thus, it is quite possible that the restaurant’s costs of obtaining high-quality and healthy seafood or of new promoting restaurant might render it unprofitable despite its popularity. Without weighing revenue against expenses the argument’s conclusion is premature at best.

新GRE考試經(jīng)典寫作模板匯總:結(jié)尾段

In sum, the argument seems logical, but is based on nothing more than pure speculation and perhaps wishful thinking, yet lack of some warranted investigation. To strength it, the author needs to evaluate all possible alternatives and provide detail and comprehensive evidence before jumping to the conclusion that …(文中的結(jié)論)

以上就是為大家整理的新GRE考試經(jīng)典寫作模板匯總,希望對(duì)各位考生有所幫助。當(dāng)然,要想獲得新GRE滿分作文,僅靠幾個(gè)GRE作文模板是肯定不夠的。所以平時(shí)腳踏實(shí)地地多加練習(xí)、積累寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn),提高寫作能力也很有必要。

教師揭秘GRE作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

(1) complexity:事物的兩面性(同一事物有優(yōu)點(diǎn)就有缺點(diǎn),相比較的事物有各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)),從多角度分析事物(分析不同領(lǐng)域中,不同情況下)。論點(diǎn)一邊倒的文章論述得再好也只能得5分。

(2) insightful position:在有全面深刻理解的基礎(chǔ)上,觀點(diǎn)最好新穎獨(dú)到(對(duì)ets來說),但必須保證能自圓其說。

(3) conveys meaning skillfully:可用于論證的一切技巧(估計(jì)老美自己用起來也得費(fèi)點(diǎn)心思)。比如文章的行文方向,起承轉(zhuǎn)合不用明顯的標(biāo)志詞(first, second, however, on the other hand, the second example illustrating my point),而是依靠論述的內(nèi)在脈絡(luò)(只可意會(huì)不可言傳)自然而然的引到下一塊內(nèi)容。

(4) compelling reasons(reason就已經(jīng)夠令人頭疼的了,有加了個(gè)compelling):這是最重要的一個(gè)得分點(diǎn)。

(5) persuasive examples:用來支持reason的,使抽象的reason更具體,更易被讀者理解,從而產(chǎn)生共鳴,或使其更可信,更有說服力??捎玫睦佑凶约旱慕?jīng)歷,引言。

(6) well-focused:簡(jiǎn)單說就是不跑題。中心論點(diǎn)明確,全文不跑題;各段主題句明確,圍繞主題句論述。

(7) well-organized:文章采用的論述結(jié)構(gòu),分幾個(gè)部分論述,每部分有幾段,各部分、各段間的關(guān)系是什么。

(8) connecting ideas logically:using transitional phrases起承轉(zhuǎn)合詞,過渡句,或有此種作用的句子,總之起到help organize the ideas and move the argument forward。

(9) 跟著感覺走沒錯(cuò)。

(10) 不要羅嗦,表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔。但如果以上幾點(diǎn)做得好,這缺點(diǎn)可以忽略不計(jì)。

(11) 基本上挺難,但不影響大局,為避免重復(fù)大膽的用你想用的詞,閱卷人能理解。

(12) sentence variety:最好長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合,ets藐視總用短句的人:Since most of the sentences are short and choppy, the ideas they try to communicate are also choppy.

(13) 還有語法錯(cuò)誤等等,小毛病,先把上面的問題解決好在理它吧。

其他問題:

沒有十分地把握,不要亂下定義,嚴(yán)重的損害議論文嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈娘L(fēng)。

ets討厭重復(fù):不論是內(nèi)容上還是形式上,總結(jié)也要做到避免重復(fù)有層次,先表面后深刻,先分段后整體。

GRE北美滿分作文范文

gre滿分作文北美范文全揭秘。學(xué)習(xí)GMAT/GRE寫作往往離不開“北美范文”,但其中良莠不齊,并非篇篇能稱之為“范”,畢竟它們不是ACT/ETS所欽定的文章。

如此說來,Official Guide上的范文就彌足珍貴,無論6分的還是5分、4分的都要仔細(xì)分析,尤其是其中所給與的分析和評(píng)論更是要細(xì)細(xì)體味,領(lǐng)悟其精神,然后用心實(shí)踐。

GRE下面是一篇官方給出滿分的ARGUMENT范文,我們來一起賞析,看看它為何能scored six (先讀文章,再看我的點(diǎn)評(píng))

The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:

"Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money."

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.

GRE首段

This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree that as the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn't necessarily mean that the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.

GRE中間段1

The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as is and paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.

GRE中間段2

This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the work environment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.

GRE中間段3

Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.

GRE末端

In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e。, coal mine)。 Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.

GRE這篇官方欽定滿分的范文,其最明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于:

1. 字?jǐn)?shù)高達(dá)599words, GRE充分體現(xiàn)了字?jǐn)?shù)為王的判分傾向。

2. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的五段制,首段、GRE末端,中間三段,看上去很美。

3. 沒有陳詞濫調(diào)、GRE滿篇廢話的模板式語言。

只有以上三點(diǎn)離滿分還是很遠(yuǎn)的,GRE之所以SIX,我看更重要的在于,每段各盡其責(zé),既獨(dú)立又統(tǒng)一,形成了完整的ARGUMENT,specifically:

1. 首段再現(xiàn)了原TOPIC的推理過程,GRE并指出其assumptions多有不適;尤其令閱卷人高興的是:首段在最后簡(jiǎn)化羅列了推理中的三個(gè)問題。要知道美國人就喜歡的作文---總分式,在首段就把三個(gè)ideas羅列出來,然后在中間三段分別展開,先總后分,一目了然。

2. 中一的TS -- “The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment.”可謂是一針見血,一劍封喉。對(duì)于這樣嚴(yán)重的推理漏洞,如果不首先指出,其argument必然軟弱乏力。此所謂Topic中的 “必削點(diǎn)”,不可不察。

3. 中二的TS – “This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the work environment.”這可謂是劍走偏鋒,獨(dú)辟蹊徑,出人所料。文章竟然批評(píng)了Topic以錢為本經(jīng)營(yíng)理念,提出了要以人為本,這樣寫是有一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn),畢竟這不是Issue。那本文是如何化險(xiǎn)為夷的呢?且看本段最后一句“this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.”我不由得長(zhǎng)舒一口,人家再次回歸了,又回到了Topic中以“Money”為本的推理。

4. 中三的TS – “Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer.”這充分體現(xiàn)了作者不只是坐而論道的arguer,而是關(guān)心其可行性的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者,考慮到方案本身的可行性和局限性。

5. 末端不但對(duì)首段提出的論點(diǎn)做出了重復(fù)性的總結(jié),GRE而且又不厭其煩地把中間三段的ideas一一羅列。如此“啰嗦”估計(jì)令某些同學(xué)略有不齒,但這恰恰是美國人的最愛,cultural shock了吧?

本文最令我欣賞的地方,GRE就是對(duì)EXAMPLES的運(yùn)用

1. 中間段一,運(yùn)用了“設(shè)例”GRE(假設(shè)的情況),$100 million啦、$5,000了,很幼稚是吧?可美國人喜歡啊;咱中國的學(xué)生,尤其是理工科的,喜歡用一些相當(dāng)高深的例子,有沒有想過那些閱卷老師能看懂嗎?尤其是在極短時(shí)間內(nèi),他們IQ又不高,知識(shí)又不多,聯(lián)想又不豐富……

2. 中間段二,運(yùn)用了“具例”GRE(具體的例子),舉一個(gè)婦孺皆知的Toyota例子把想說明的問題統(tǒng)統(tǒng)道出,再次體現(xiàn)出美國人喜歡淺顯易懂的事例。

3. 中間段三,運(yùn)用了“泛例”GRE(某一類人、團(tuán)體或組織),通過采煤行業(yè)指出了計(jì)劃可行性的所受到的制約,一個(gè)多么質(zhì)樸無華的泛例,充分地考慮到了閱卷老師的理解能力。

以上這一切怎能不讓美國閱卷者頻頻頷首,GRE嘖嘖稱善呢?他或她手中的筆在紙上劃出了一條美麗的弧線 —— 6

相反,有些中國學(xué)生,憑借自己繁密的邏輯、GRE淵深的例子和云霧繚繞的行文,每每令那些閱卷者咬唇咂舌,shrug連連,又怎能獲得一個(gè)理想的分?jǐn)?shù)呢?你挑戰(zhàn)了他的智商,他必然報(bào)復(fù)你的分?jǐn)?shù)。



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