托福獨(dú)立寫作備考中，很多同學(xué)都面臨著一個問題，獨(dú)立寫作容易跑題。下面小編就和大家分享托福獨(dú)立寫作備考攻略,希望能幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

托福獨(dú)立寫作備考攻略丨如何寫作文才能保證不會跑題?

一.審清楚題目

首先應(yīng)該審題，尤其關(guān)注作文題目中的絕對性詞匯。

比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我們自然想到用他因法。

二.熟悉各類話題

從歷年托福真題回憶和官方真題Official真題上總結(jié)的托福獨(dú)立寫作常考的topics基本可分為：解釋現(xiàn)象類和對立觀點(diǎn)類。

給出兩個對立的事物或者一個事物對立的兩個方面，要求考生支持一方并進(jìn)行說明?；蚪o出兩個對立事物或一個事物對立的兩個方面，要求考生說明二者為什么不同或比較它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并給出理由。例如：Some people like different friends. Other likes similar friends.Compare the advantages of these two kinds of friends. Which kind of friend doyou prefer? Explain why.

opics從內(nèi)容上可分為：

學(xué)習(xí)類：(如自學(xué)還是跟老師學(xué)，學(xué)廣還是學(xué)精)

工作類：(如在大公司還是小公司)

生活類：(如喜歡在家里吃飯還是在餐廳吃飯)

電視電影類：(如電視電影疏遠(yuǎn)了家人的情感，你是否同意)

消費(fèi)類：(如花在娛樂上，還是事業(yè)上)

環(huán)境類：(如政府投入環(huán)保的力度是否應(yīng)該大于投入經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的力度)

古老建筑類：(如是否應(yīng)該保留老建筑)

成功類：(如成功的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是金錢和榮耀，你的看法如何)

性格類：(如聰明的朋友比幽默的朋友重要，你是否同意)

三. 整理素材

用20秒的時間，整理腦中所有能用的素材，讓這些素材稱為支持你段落的骨架，然后開始確定段落的論點(diǎn)。盡量使你的語言句式豐富一些。形式主語，主動，被動，動名詞To do作主語，倒裝句，there be，以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句等等。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，為了使你文章的邏輯清晰可見，要使用邏輯連接詞。

四. 注意邏輯

把握好過渡詞的使用，和適當(dāng)?shù)恼撌龇椒ㄍ晟颇愕淖魑模怪蔀橐粋€邏輯整體。論述方法：條件(假設(shè))法，比如：if 我按照論點(diǎn)那樣做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，還能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒裝等。

五.寫作套路要相對穩(wěn)定

在新托福獨(dú)立寫作中，用這總分總種思維最容易獲得高分，所以你要在平時的練習(xí)中一定要注意寫作的結(jié)構(gòu)。托福作文應(yīng)該寫成三個層次，也就是我們確立了中心思想后應(yīng)該找到三條理由來支持。托福作文五段論：第一段為中心思想段;二、三、四段為支持段落;最后一段為總結(jié)段落。其實(shí)這個東西并不是絕對的，由自己的思想內(nèi)容來決定。

六. 論據(jù)論點(diǎn)充分

托福獨(dú)立作文最重要的因素是什么?當(dāng)然是論點(diǎn)和論證。一篇好的作文，論點(diǎn)可以提綱挈領(lǐng)，論證可以豐富文章內(nèi)容。托福寫作由于考試時間的限制，很多英語程度好的學(xué)生也會出現(xiàn)一些問題。比如說一個學(xué)生對作文的論點(diǎn)言之鑿鑿，但就是寫不出東西，或是寫不出令自己滿意的句子。所以，上考場前，腦中一定要裝一些東西，好的例子，好的句子等。

這里強(qiáng)調(diào)論據(jù)的重要性，不是忽視邏輯和論點(diǎn)的重要性。相反，只要你能夠掌握一些萬能的論據(jù)，對你謀劃全篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，以及段落發(fā)展，是有好處的。論據(jù)的準(zhǔn)備也可以稱為素材，這種素材可以是一個短語，一個人名，或是一個完整的例子。這種例子能夠輔佐你的亂點(diǎn)，能夠畫龍點(diǎn)睛。新托福獨(dú)立寫作是講究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的條理理順，再用自己的語言組織論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，豐富文章的內(nèi)容，然后再稍加注意一下措辭，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困難了。

托福獨(dú)立寫作容易跑題其實(shí)主要原因是大家平時練習(xí)的時候沒有按照要求來練，其實(shí)托福寫作備考過程中，很多同學(xué)只注重提升作文質(zhì)量，忽略文章是否切題。如果大家在寫作中常會跑題，可以參照上文中練習(xí)方法。

托福寫作：題庫范文附思路解析

1. What makes a good son or daughter? What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? Have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 參見：[15]

『范文』 In traditional Chinese society, a person's most important relationship was that between a parent and a child. The only measure of whether a child was good or bad was whether or not they were obedient to their parents' wishes. Traditionally a Chinese family had many children. Boys were expected to go to school and, after they grew up, to have a son of their own, and to manage the family's affairs. When his parents grew old, a son was expected to live with and care for them. A girl's parents would usually arrange her marriage to someone who she did not love and without consulting her. After she was married, she was no longer a part of her biological family; instead she became an adopted daughter of her husband's family and had to respect her husband's parents as she would her own parents. She was also expected to bear her husband a son. A child who broke these norms, defied or disrespected their parents was seen as worthless or immoral at best, and could legally be killed by their parents in extreme cases. Today of course, China is very different. Chinese children are still expected to respect their parents, but society is not as conservative as it used to be. When a Chinese son gets married, he will often prefer not to live in the same house with his parents, although he might still feel quite obligated to care for them in their old age. The greatest strides have been made by Chinese women, who now hope that their daughters grow up to marry someone that they love, and who is able to take good care of them. The major revolution in the Chinese family since 1980s has been the introduction of the one-child policy. Since Chinese families are now usually only allowed to have one child, the roles of parent and child have almost been reversed! Today's children in China, while still expected to treat their parents with respect, have become the "little emperors and empresses" of their families. Many "little emperors" are so doted on by their immediate and extended families that they become very spoiled, demanding toys, candy, and attention all day long. Because of the changing structure of the Chinese family, the bonds between parent and child, while still of primary importance, are characterized less by rules and respect and more by love.

2. A large company or a small one, which do you want to work for? Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.

『分析』選擇哪一個都無所謂，列出三個理由。不要忘了提及另外一種選擇也有一些好處。也可以說不同的情況下可以做出不同的選擇。

『范文』 While some people enjoy the relative comfort, stability, and prestige of working at a large company, I prefer to live life on the edge. Given the choice, I would much prefer to work at small company where I could have more responsibility, more excitement, closer relationships with my coworkers, and a greater sense of accomplishment than I could have at a big company. If I worked at a large company, my role at the company would be highly specialized and narrowly defined. At a smaller company everyone has to take on extra responsibilities to make the business work. For instance, if I worked at a small computer software company as a programmer, I might not only program, but also have to make trips to potential clients for sales. At a large company, the sales department would talk to clients, and I would be stuck in the same boring routine every day with less responsibility. I might less in touch with what the clients wanted if my responsibilities were limited to programming. I crave excitement, so the idea of working for a small company particularly suits me. While working at a large company can offer more job security, workers don't usually get any of the annual profits. But if you work for a small company, profits are more likely to be shared at the end of the year. This means that the harder you work, the more potential there is to make a large amount of money. It is also especially gratifying when you can see how your hard work helped to build or save the company, a feeling of accomplishment that is difficult to attain when working in a large company. Finally, working together in a small company creates a sense of special closeness between colleagues. You have to both trust and depend on each other for everything. This closeness is not only between people within the company but can also extend to your clients and suppliers, all of whom you can get to know on a first name basis. Business deals become less impersonal and more pleasurable when you work with people you trust and like. This trust is both deeper and easier to build when you work for a smaller company.

3. Reasons why people work other than earning a living People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to support your answer.

『分析』列出兩、三個除了錢之外的工作的理由：興趣(比如有些歌星) 理想(比如有些醫(yī)生、律師) 成就感(比如教師) 還有些人上班工作只不過是為了打發(fā)時間

『范文』 One of the most overlooked reasons why people work is to help other people. Government officials, social and charity workers, and religious organizations, and others all work not only for their own salaries, but also work for the common good. They labor for others because of their moral convictions, for reasons of personal reciprocity, and because they want to make society more stable, thereby benefiting themselves and others. Some of the most famous charity workers in the world have been affiliated with religious groups. For instance, many of the foreigners living in the poor regions of Africa are doctors, teachers, and other professionals who are paid by religious organizations to help the poor, sick, and needy people there. These professionals could make much more money if they worked in rich countries. They have chosen to help poor people because they believe their religion tells them to help people who cannot help themselves. They are working for others for moral or religious reasons. Some people work for other people because at some time in their lives, someone else has helped them. Many teachers can tell stories about a particular teacher who changed their lives. The gift a great teacher gave to them inspired them to become teachers themselves. Likewise, many people become doctors because a doctor saved one of their family member's life and they felt like they owed a debt of gratitude that money could not repay. To such people, the motivation for working is not the paycheck at the end of the month, but the smile on a child's face when they read their first book, or the look of joy on new parents' faces when they see their healthy newborn baby. Finally, some people work for others because they believe that society is only safe and stable when all of its members are happy. These people include good government officials who try to make policies that benefit the poorer classes of society. They know that only by making policies that help poor people live richer, happier lives can they lower crime, sickness, and poverty rates, and make society safer and happier for all citizens.

4. Is face-to-face communication better than other types of communication? Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

『分析』同意或者不同意，都是錯誤的。不結(jié)合具體情況，無法判斷哪一個更好。先比較兩種溝通方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(relative merits) 然后根據(jù)不同的情況說明那種方式更好：跟老板、同事溝通，face-to-face communication更好跟憤怒的投訴顧客，telephone更好一些跟情人溝通，當(dāng)然face-to-face更好。相關(guān)題目：[160]

『范文』 While many modern forms of communication like phone calls, email, and letters, are extremely convenient, in my opinion, nothing beats speaking to another person face-to-face. Face-to-face conversation is the ultimate form of human communication because it is interactive, and allows a broader range of possibilities for communication in the intricacies of tone of voice, body language, and can add the intimacy of touch. The first and most obvious advantage that face-to-face communication has over a letter and email is that there is the ability for an interactive conversation. If the sender of a letter or an email does not write clearly, or the recipient does not understand part of the correspondence, then much time must be spent to clear up the misunderstanding. In a face-to-face conversation, misunderstandings are easily dealt with because of the immediate and interactive nature of a face-to-face conversation. The argument might be made that telephones and instant messaging services like MSN and ICQ are equally viable formats for interactive conversation, with the added benefit of being available over long distances. I would still argue that face-to-face conversation is better because you can see the other person. Not all communication is verbal; the meaning of much of what we say depends on our body language and tone of voice. Joking and irony are particularly difficult to express, identify, and enjoy without seeing the expression on someone's face, or watching the movements of their body. Finally, if the goal of communication is to maintain or deepen a relationship with someone, business partners, friends, husbands and wives, or parents and children, face-to-face communication offers the option of communication by touch that is unavailable even if we could communicate by video. Trust and respect between businesses partners can be established with a firm handshake. No amount of body language can convey the excitement of a high-five between friends, and no number of words can communicate the comforting embrace of a loved one. Touch is the first foundation of our human relationships, before spoken language, and it is only available when people communicate face to face.

5. Do what you already do well or try new things? Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

『分析』討論兩種attitudes各自的好處。然后在不同的情況下，選擇不同的態(tài)度。比如：鍛煉身體有很多種方法，如果我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了慢跑，只要能夠達(dá)到身體健康的目的，就不必要花時間練習(xí)一些其他的體育項(xiàng)目了。放松的時候可以聽聽音樂——往往是同一首歌或曲子已經(jīng)聽了很多年。但是看電影，卻很難做到重復(fù)看同一個電影幾百遍。

『范文』 A defining characteristic of people is the degree to which they are willing to break out of their comfort zone. Old habits and well honed skills give great comfort to any individual, but new personal challenges build character and allow one to grow as a person. It was not until very recently that I fully comprehended this. Today, while I still enjoy doing the things I am already good at, I have become increasingly eager to try new things because I have learned the value of new experiences. I have always been a talented athlete, and I still find great comfort on the basketball court and in the swimming pool. These are familiar places where I feel at home. They are also places where I continue to excel. However, not so long ago my older cousin, a person whom I have always looked up to and admired, reminded me that there is nothing wrong with discovering new talents or doing many different things very well. He introduced me to music. For the past sixteen months I have been learning how to play the guitar, and this new experience has been extremely rewarding. Initially, I struggled. My inability to play even the simplest of notes frustrated me, and quite often I thought about giving up. Yet with my teacher's encouragement I continued to make progress. Now my appreciation for music is much more profound than ever before, and my appetite for new experiences is whetted. Together with a couple of classmates I have formed a book club. Every week we get together and discuss a piece of literature. Of course, my friends were hesitant to give this new idea a try at first. Nevertheless, I have convinced them to be risk takers, and now all of us enjoy not only each others' company but also books and stories, which is a completely new experience for all of us. Together we are planning to learn how to dance and to purchase bicycles to explore the area around our hometown. We don't want to limit ourselves to what we know already.