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托福閱讀推理題技巧分享

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如果說其他題型是通過詞匯積累或者對于文章里的信息的透徹理解就可以掌握的話,那么更側(cè)重于考察出題人的邏輯思維模式的題型就是推理題了。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀哪種題型最難,希望能夠幫助到你們,快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福閱讀哪種題型最難

對于托福閱讀來說,詞匯是根本。在閱讀中詞匯題(vocabulary questions)的數(shù)量很多,每篇存在三至五題不等。

接下來就是閱讀中的句子。句子細(xì)節(jié)在托福中的考察形式和內(nèi)容相比詞匯更為深入。有對于單個句子結(jié)構(gòu)和主干意思理解做出的考察,即句子簡化題(sentence simplification questions)。有對于文中明確表述的細(xì)節(jié)信息的考察和理解,即事實信息題(factual information questions)。還有對于文中明確表述信息真?zhèn)蔚淖R別和理解,也就是否定事實信息題(negative factual information questions)。除此之外,閱讀還會考察對于文中強烈暗示而未明確表述的信息的識別和理解能力,即推理題(inference questions)。

在閱讀中,對于段落的考察往往側(cè)重于句子之間的關(guān)系。句與句之間的連接往往會有名詞的重復(fù)以及代詞的指代,所以有了指代題(reference questions)。內(nèi)容的銜接除了代詞指代之外,還有邏輯關(guān)系的遞進,所以又有了修辭目的題(rhetorical purpose questions)。如果說指代題和修辭目的題是對于句間關(guān)系的識別的話,那么句子插入題(insert sentence questions)則是兩者的升級版,是對于句間關(guān)系的邏輯的應(yīng)用。

當(dāng)然,托福閱讀也涉及篇章中段落的主旨以及段間的關(guān)系的考查。若是順承的關(guān)系往往出的是總結(jié)題(prose summary questions),若是對比分類的關(guān)系往往出的是表格題(fill in a table questions)。

通過以上分類相信大家對于托福閱讀十大題型考察的能力有了了解。那么十大題型里,哪種題型相對比較難呢?如果說其他題型是通過詞匯積累或者對于文章里的信息的透徹理解就可以掌握的話,那么更側(cè)重于考察出題人的邏輯思維模式的題型就是推理題了。

托福官方指南里對于推理題的表述:對于文中強烈暗示而未明確表述信息的識別和理解。大家重點關(guān)注強烈暗示這幾個詞,言下之意就是通過一些相關(guān)信息的表述來傳遞內(nèi)在的意思,所以體會出題人傳達(dá)相關(guān)信息的模式就變成了解題的關(guān)鍵。

托福閱讀長難句:植物抗旱適應(yīng)性

They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. (TPO26, 50)

waxy /'w?ks?/ adj. 蠟色的,蠟狀的

pore /p??/ n. 氣孔,毛孔

shed /?ed/ vt. 使(某物)脫落﹑ 剝落;使(某物)流出

They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water (through the leaves) is reduced (by means of dense hairs)(covering waxy leaf surfaces), (by the closure of pores)(duringthe hottest times) (to reduce water loss), and (by the rolling up or shedding of leaves) (at the beginning of the dry season). (TPO26, 50)

分析:

這個句子的主干部分就是:

They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of wateris reduced

注意后面并列了3個介詞結(jié)構(gòu):by means of…, by the closure of .., and bythe rolling up…

修飾一:(through the leaves),介詞,修飾loss of water

中文:經(jīng)過葉子

修飾二:(by means of dense hairs),介詞

中文:通過的濃密的絨毛

修飾三:(covering waxy leaf surfaces),非謂語動詞,修飾haris

中文:覆蓋在蠟質(zhì)葉子表面

修飾四:(by the closure of pores),介詞短語

中文:關(guān)閉氣孔

修飾五:(during the hottest times),介詞短語

中文:在最熱的時間

修飾六:(to reduce water loss),非謂語動詞

中文:減低水分散失

修飾七:(by the rolling up or shedding of leaves),介詞短語

中文:通過卷起或脫落葉子

修飾八:(at the beginning of the dry season),介詞短語

中文:在干旱季初期

參考翻譯:

他們擁有抵抗干旱的適應(yīng)性:覆蓋在蠟質(zhì)葉子表面的濃密的絨毛、在溫度最高時關(guān)閉氣孔以減少水分流失以及在干旱季初期通過卷起或脫落葉子,都可以減少經(jīng)過葉片的水分的流失。

托福閱讀長難句:獸群馴化

Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been, it seems entirely likely that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side by side) and control occurred in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even inEurope, among peoples who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle. (TPO28, 53)

tame /te?m/ v. 使(某 物)馴服或順從

intimate /'?nt?m?t/ adj. 親密的,親切的;私人的,個人的;精通的,詳盡的

(Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been), it seems entirely likely (that much the same process of juxtaposition(living side by side) and control occurred) (in both southwest Asia and northernAfrica, and even in Europe), (among peoples) (who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle).(TPO28, 53)

分析:

這個句子的主干就是:

it seems entirely likely,it指代后面的從句that

修飾一: (Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been) ,從句

中文:無論最初馴化的獸群起源于何處

修飾二:(that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side byside) and control occurred) ,從句

中文:和獸群毗鄰而居并且控制它們的過程發(fā)生了

修飾三: (in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even in Europe) ,介詞短語

中文:在南亞、北非甚至在歐洲

修飾四:(among peoples) ,介詞短語

中文:在人民中

修飾五:(who had an intimate knowledge ofthe behavior of wild cattle).,從句

中文:對野生牛群行為了如指掌

參考翻譯:

無論最初馴化的獸群起源于何處,在南亞、北非甚至在歐洲,那些對野生牛群行為了如指掌的人民當(dāng)中,和獸群毗鄰而居并且控制它們這樣的過程極有可能發(fā)生了。

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