在托福寫作考試中，考生想要寫出一篇精彩出色的作文，那么你的托福作文中就需要避免一些扣分點。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽鞯慕?jīng)常扣分點，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作的經(jīng)常扣分點

扣分一: 照抄題目，照搬原文

例如有道題的題目是“ Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children can benefit in important ways from taking care of a pet animal.”，然后考生的第一句話就直接復(fù)制粘貼了，考生的第一句話是：”For the question if I agree or disagree with the following statement? Children can benefit in important ways from taking care of a pet animal. Well, as far as I am concerned...”

這種明顯的湊字?jǐn)?shù)，不改動句子，連最基本的同義詞互換都沒有做到。這種很容易讓考官降低讀文章的興趣，使得分?jǐn)?shù)不夠理想?？忌梢允褂美纭癢hen it comes to the issue about …, as far as I am concerned…”。這樣會大大提高考官好感度。

扣分二: 論據(jù)根本不能證明自己的觀點

例如，在寫官方真題Official28的獨立題(Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today are more involved in their children's education than parents were in the past.)時候，第一段是這么寫的：“孩子的教育受到重視，孩子的將來也取決于他們的表現(xiàn)，家長們很關(guān)心孩子的教育。因此我同意現(xiàn)在的家長比從前更重視參與到孩子的教育中去了。

大家看到這感覺到問題的所在了么，這位考生一直在說“現(xiàn)在孩子的教育受到家長重視”，然而這并不能證明“現(xiàn)在的家長比從前更 加重視參與到孩子的教育中去了”。一定要切題，緊抓主題，不能以為寫很多，或者用的關(guān)鍵詞多就證明緊抓主旨。

扣分三: 假大空的廢話一大堆

假大空的廢話容易讓考官覺得故意湊字?jǐn)?shù)，讀完沒人有人思考，如同嚼蠟。無論是描述一件事情有多么深遠(yuǎn)的意義，還是描述一個東西有多么有意思，總是反復(fù)不停地說：“這個事情有意義是因為這是多么有意義的一件事”“這個東西是多么的有趣是因為這是一個多么有趣的東西”。因此，如果說明某事有意義，應(yīng)該說 “這個東西多么的有趣是因為有一次我?guī)е@個東西出去玩然后……”這種順序才能讓考官感同身受。

扣分四： 跑題

例如，一個考生的托福作文中題目是這樣的，“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.”然后該考生在作文中大致思路如是寫道：“Always telling the truth”是不理性的，而他認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該做一個理性的人，他自己是理工科的學(xué)生，他覺得理工科的學(xué)生更為理性，而文科的學(xué)生總是不那么理性……然后就沒有然后了，這種是考生經(jīng)常犯的錯誤，剛開始是正在主題中，中途一遇到自己擅長的部分，就開始無線擴(kuò)展，導(dǎo)致很難回到主題上來，加上時間限制，就草草生硬的加了結(jié)尾。

扣分五: 自相矛盾

出現(xiàn)這個情況的考生，和跑題的考生的文章有著“相通之處”，跑題的考生是要么一開始就跑偏，要么半路跑偏。而自相矛盾的考生呢，不是舉例子寫著寫著不知道怎么就矛盾了，就是寫到后來寫得自相矛盾了的。

例如這題：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment—doing things they like to do—rather than doing things they should do.”。有一位童鞋的作文里面，開頭寫自己“同意人們現(xiàn)在花太多時間在個人娛樂上”，并且說的也有理有據(jù)，說現(xiàn)在的人就知道打游戲等，結(jié)果寫到后面，就寫成了現(xiàn)在的人工作壓力太大，家庭壓力也很大，很多時間都花在了工作、家庭上，很少有時間能娛樂……這種自相矛盾的很容易在寫完后檢查時發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于時間關(guān)系，要么放棄，要么慌忙改正，導(dǎo)致文章結(jié)構(gòu)松散。

只要考試注意上面這五個扣分點，那么對你的托福寫作考試的提高一定會有幫助，我們在平時的練習(xí)中也該注意這些方面，對自己高要求，才可再托福寫作中發(fā)揮出很好的水平。最后，小編預(yù)祝大家托福考試能取得理想的成績。

托福PPTest2語法題筆記篇

41. In a barter economy, a person having something to trade must make contact with another person ________ and has something acceptable to offer in exchange.

A. and who wants it

B. wants it

C. who wants it

D. who does it want

答案：C

分析及考點：定語從句。A中and多余。B缺連接詞。D詞序顛倒。

參考譯文：在易物交換的體系中，有東西想做交易的人必須跟另一個想要這東西并能在交易中提供可接受物品的人接觸。

42. The chief justice of the United States is the country’s _________ and is appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate.

A. judicial officer highest

B. officer judicial highest

C. officer highest judicial

D. highest judicial officer

答案：D

分析及考點：形容詞順序的考察。因為中心詞是officer，所以ABC都錯。

參考譯文：美國的首席法官是國家最高的司法官員，并在參議院批準(zhǔn)下由總統(tǒng)任命。

43. Including land and water, the state of Alaska ________ an area of 1,530,700 square kilometers, equal to about one-sixth of the size of the United States.

A. having

B. where there is

C. which is

D. has

答案：D

分析及考點：句子缺謂語。不構(gòu)成從句。

參考譯文：包括土地和水域，阿拉斯加州有1530700平方公里面積，相當(dāng)于1/6美國的大小。

44. _________ until the twelfth century that the magnetic compass was used for navigation.

A. Its not being

B. It was not

C. Not

D. Was not

答案：B

分析及考點：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。It was … that …

參考譯文：直到20世紀(jì)，磁性指南針才被用于航行。

45. Although she wrote only two short novels and 19 stories during her brief career, Flannery O’Connor made _________ to United States fiction.

A. a contribution is important

B. an important contribution

C. a contribution and important

D. is an important contribution

答案：B

分析及考點：動詞make的用法，make 直接加賓語。

參考譯文：盡管Flannery O’Connor在她短暫的職業(yè)生涯中只寫了2部短篇小說和19個故事，但她對美國的小說作出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)。

46. The New York City Ballet has been _________ of United States classical ballet companies since its inception in 1946.

A. the consistently creative most

B. consistently creative the most

C. most creative the consistently

D. the most consistently creative

答案：D

分析及考點：形容詞詞序問題。中心詞是creative。

參考譯文：紐約城市芭蕾是從1946年芭蕾起始后的美國傳統(tǒng)芭蕾舞公司中最一貫的繼承芭蕾舞藝術(shù)的。

47. When condensation occurs close to the ground, _________ results in fog or dew.

A. or

B. the

C. it

D. then

答案：C

分析及考點：主句缺主語

參考譯文：當(dāng)水蒸氣在離地面很近的地方凝結(jié)的時候，就形成了霧或露水。

48. Desktop publishing systems are capable of _________ camera-ready pages made up of text and graphics, with text set in different typefaces and sizes.

A. when producing

B. produce

C. to produce

D. producing

答案：D

分析及考點：介詞后面跟動名詞。be capable of doing sth也是固定搭配。

參考譯文：桌面印刷系統(tǒng)能夠生產(chǎn)出由文本和圖形混合在一起的現(xiàn)成的照相機(jī)成像相片，文本還可以設(shè)置不同的字體和大小。

49. The femur is the _________ in the body.

A. bone is the largest and longest

B. largest and the longest bone that

C. largest and longest bone

D. bone largest and longest and

答案：C

分析及考點：詞序問題。中心詞是bone。

參考譯文：大腿骨是身體中最大和最長的骨頭。

50. Spurred by the phenomenal growth of the city of Chicago after the Civil War, Illinois became ________.

A. that a major industrial state

B. to a major industrial state

C. a major industrial state

D. to be a major industrial state

答案：C

分析及考點：及物動詞become的用法，直接加名詞賓語。

參考譯文：受內(nèi)戰(zhàn)以后芝加哥城市顯著發(fā)展的激勵，Illinois州成為一個主要的工業(yè)州。

51. _________ from the Caribbean islands explored the area now known as Texas and New Mexico as early as the sixteenth century.

A. Spaniards who

B. As Spaniards

C. When Spaniards

D. Spaniards

答案：D

分析及考點：主句句子缺主語。

參考譯文：來自加勒比海群島的西班牙人早在16世紀(jì)就開始開發(fā)現(xiàn)在眾所周知的德州和新墨西哥州。

52. If volcanoes erupt explosively and cast fluid lava high into the air, _________, dispersed by the wind, gives rise to particles of various sizes.

A. the lava

B. and lava

C. when lava

D. which lava is

答案：A

分析及考點：整個句子缺主語。

參考譯文：如果火山猛烈噴發(fā)，把巖漿在空中噴的很高，風(fēng)就會吧熔巖吹散開，各種大小的顆粒就會飛升到空中。

53. North America displays more ________ than any other continent except Asia; only a true tropical environment is absent.

A. vary climate

B. climate varied

C. climatically varied

D. climatic variation

答案：D

分析及考點：詞序和詞組重心問題。天氣變化，variation是中心詞。

參考譯文：北美比除了亞洲以外的其他大陸顯示出更多的氣候多樣性，只缺了真正的熱帶環(huán)境。

54. Neurobiologists believe _________ endorphins and other neurochemicals may control our hunger for certain kinds of foods.

A. whose

B. that if

C. that

D. of those

答案：C

分析及考點：believe引導(dǎo)賓語從句，一定用that連接。

參考譯文：神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為，endorphins和其他神經(jīng)化學(xué)物資控制著我們對某些種類食物的欲望。

55. A feature of Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico is the nightly emergence, except during the winter hibernation period, of _________.

A. several bats million

B. bats million several

C. several million bats

D. million several bats

答案：C

分析及考點：詞序和詞義。中心詞是bats。

參考譯文：新墨西哥州的Carlsbad大洞穴的一個特色就是每夜出現(xiàn)的幾百萬只蝙蝠。

56. _________ 639 named muscles in the human anatomy.

A. As are

B. There are

C. Of the

D. That are

答案：B

分析及考點：there be句型。句子缺主謂。表示有的意思用there are。

參考譯文：在人體解剖學(xué)中有639塊命了名的肌肉。

57. _________, or striated, muscles are subject to the will and control of the body and are attached to the skeleton by tendons.

A. The voluntary are

B. There are voluntary

C. That the voluntary

D. The voluntary

答案：D

分析及考點：句子有主語謂語，缺修飾成分，AB都有多余的謂語動詞。C中that多余，沒有指代。

參考譯文：主官性或者條紋狀肌肉可以受意志和身體的控制所支配，它們通過肌腱跟骨骼相連。

58. Orchestra conductor Michael Morgan became interested in classical music as a high school student when _________ rehearsals of the National Symphony in Washington, D.C.

A. beginning his attending

B. did he begin attending

C. he began attending

D. began attending his

答案：C

分析及考點：定語從句中，要求主謂完整，詞序正常。

參考譯文：當(dāng)管弦樂隊指揮Michael Morgan還是高中學(xué)生的時候，在華盛頓排練民族交響樂的時候開始對傳統(tǒng)音樂感興趣了。

59. Virtually the same array of mammals _________ in the hills surrounding Los Angeles today occupied this area in the late Pleistocene era.

A. that they live

B. lives

C. that lives

D. that living

答案：C

分析及考點：主句謂語動詞是occupied，所以是定語從句應(yīng)用。

參考譯文：事實上，現(xiàn)在生活在洛山基周圍山上的同樣系列的哺乳動物在更新紀(jì)的后期占據(jù)著這個區(qū)域。

60. Wood has been the _________ for furniture since antiquity.

A. commonly most material used

B. used material commonly most

C. commonly material used most

D. most commonly used material

答案：D

分析及考點：詞序問題。Material是中心詞。

參考譯文：木頭從古以來都是做家具最常用的材料。

托福語法題做題規(guī)律口訣

口訣一：一語法,二邏輯(語義),三用法

這一口訣概括的是托福語法題整體解題思路和策略,其含義是:

一語法: 做托福語法題,首先從"語法"層次開始.在這一層次,正確答案與干擾項之間的區(qū)分在語法(或句子成分)的差別上.無須弄懂句子的意思即可做對.

如: (1) —— were derived from Lation.

A. All Romance languages

B. While Romance languages

C. There are Romance languages

D. With Romance languages

上句中缺少的明顯是主語,必須由一個名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)來充當(dāng).4個選項中,只有"A"項是名詞性結(jié)構(gòu).答案只能是A.

(2) The (scientific) revolution of the early 1900's (affected) education by (change) the nature of (technology).

上句中介詞by之后必須由名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)來充當(dāng)賓語.后面的change雖然既可作動詞,也可作名詞,但由于其后面還有一個名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),按照"兩個名詞不見面"的口訣——我們后面將具體討論——這里只能為動詞,所以C項錯,答案為changing.

上面兩道題均可以在不考慮句子意思的前提下即找到正確答案.這類題在托福語法"填空"部分占85%以上,在"改錯"部分亦不低于60%.掌握這一規(guī)律并記住相應(yīng)的規(guī)律和口訣可以大大地提高我們作題速度和質(zhì)量.

二邏輯(語義): 有一些題僅靠對句子成分地分析無法找出正確答案.這時,我們就必須以語義地層次來考慮語言或意思上的邏輯關(guān)系. 如:

(3) She has not yet —— my invitation.

A. accepted B. will accept

C. excepted D. accepting

從"語法"即句子成分的角度看,缺少的是謂語動詞,B,D兩項顯然不能入選,但A,C兩項似乎都可以.這時就需要通過邏輯(語義)來加以分析.如選A項,句義為"她尚未接受我的邀請:.如選C項,句義為"她尚未把我的邀請排除在外",這顯然不合情理,有悖邏輯.故答案只能是A.

(4) Walt Disney (is) remembered by (an American family) everywhere for the distinctive and (irresistible) cartoon character he (introduced) to movies and television.

此句中語法關(guān)系自身似無問題,但B項的an American family(一個美國家庭)與后面的everywhere(到處,無所不在)從邏輯上相悖,為錯.故答案是B.

三用法: 有個別題從"語法"和"邏輯"的角度都可接受,這時就必須考慮從"用法"層次區(qū)分問題了.如: (5) Plants receive their nutrients —— water,soil, and sunlight.

A. where B. over

C. in from D. from

上句從語法的層次分析, A,C兩項均不可取.但B,D兩項無論從語法還是邏輯上看都是可以被接受的.此時只能看用法了.由于receive一詞用法上只能與介詞from搭配,答案只能是D.

6) City officials (are) concerned (because) crime on public (transportation) (near) reached record highs this summer.

無論是從語法還是邏輯的角度看,上句均無問題.near一詞通常具有形容詞,副詞,介詞3種詞性,而且還可以用作動詞.用副詞修飾動詞絕無問題,且near具有接近,靠近的含義,與reached搭配似乎也沒有什么不妥.但從語法的角度看,作副詞的near只能與draw ,come 等不及物動詞搭配,此處為錯.故答案為D.

托福語法題做題規(guī)律口訣

這一口訣主要是用來解"填空"題的.我們所遇到的情況更多是題干的句子較長而且關(guān)系復(fù)雜,如按傳統(tǒng)的方法先搞清楚句子內(nèi)部關(guān)系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相應(yīng)缺少的成分——不但耗時很多,而且把握不大.這里,我們介紹的方法則簡便了許多:將具有"獨立"意義的句子 成分去掉——如果這時主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考慮——只考慮剩下,不"獨立"的成分.這樣,關(guān)系簡單了,正確答案也就容易找到了.而且絕大部分情況下,在"語法"層次—— 即不弄懂句義的情況下——即可選出正確答案.

那么,都有哪些成分時"獨立成分"呢?主要有以下幾種:

1.副詞和不是用作前置定語的分詞;

2.不定式,介詞,分詞,同位語等短語;

3.所有的從句.

這種方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我們來看幾個例句:

(7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites —— by early humans.

A. occupied B. occupying

C. which D. were occupied

如果按照上面提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量,這個句子的題干就應(yīng)該時這樣的:

(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介詞短語)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短語)(of pottery and fireplaces介詞短語)(at sites介詞短語)——(by early humans.介詞短語) 將這些"獨立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于題干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作為答案的選項也必須是一個"獨立成分".在不考慮詞義的情況下,A,B,C3個選項似乎都可以.但是,如果B項可以的話,C也一定可以.反面證明兩個選項都不 行,答案自然是A了.

(8) During the late fifteenth century, —— of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.外語學(xué)習(xí)

A. only a few B. a few but

C. few, but only D. a few only

還是按照前面提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量,這個句子的題干部分就會變成下面這樣:

(During the late fifteenth century介詞短語),——(of the native societies of America介詞短語)had professions (in the fields介詞短語)(of arts and crafts 介詞短語).把獨立成分去掉后就只剩下 "—— had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主語.答案自然就是A了.

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