托福獨(dú)立寫作中間段需要大家對(duì)自己的論點(diǎn)做盡可能全面到位的論證，因此其價(jià)值是相當(dāng)高的。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈＊?dú)立寫作中間段論證寫法思路實(shí)例講解，希望能夠給幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福獨(dú)立寫作中間段論證寫法思路實(shí)例講解
托福獨(dú)立寫作中間段寫法思路分析
很多同學(xué)都很頭疼獨(dú)立寫作的中間到底寫點(diǎn)什么，小編也經(jīng)常聽到學(xué)生抱怨：那些范文的作者怎么有那么多有的沒的可以扯，我就是想不出那么多話那么多內(nèi)容往文章里搬啊。面對(duì)這樣的問題，小編一開始也很困惑應(yīng)該怎樣去幫助他們，因?yàn)檫@是確實(shí)存在的一個(gè)事實(shí)，暫且不談?dòng)⑽?，即便是說中文，也有一些人是能“扯”的，有一些人是“不能扯”的。后來小編發(fā)現(xiàn)，“能不能扯”在方向上來說就已經(jīng)錯(cuò)了，或者說已經(jīng)偏了，偏離了簡(jiǎn)單寫作的軌道。原因在于，內(nèi)容是無止盡的，非要一個(gè)高中生腦子里裝很多內(nèi)容素材也確實(shí)強(qiáng)人所難。即便經(jīng)歷了長期的準(zhǔn)備積累，在考場(chǎng)上要把這些信息想到，再敲到文章里也是很耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的，所以說關(guān)于論證細(xì)節(jié)，如果從內(nèi)容下手進(jìn)行思考，反而會(huì)讓寫作看起來更復(fù)雜。那么，托?？荚囍械暮?jiǎn)單寫作到底是什么呢?那就是考生一定聽說過的“論證方法”。大部分考生對(duì)這個(gè)詞不陌生，知道主體段需要運(yùn)用各種論證方法進(jìn)行支持。在此，小編想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，考生大可不必從內(nèi)容上去思考寫點(diǎn)什么，而是直接可以從論證方法入手，因?yàn)檎撟C方法是有止盡的，最常用的也是最好用的論證方法包括因果論證(分析原因、說明結(jié)果)、舉例論證、引證以及對(duì)比論證。我們隨便看幾個(gè)范文段落就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章段落中的每一句話都是有存在的目的的，所謂目的就是論證的方法。
論證方法實(shí)例分析1
例如：
1. Firstly,the wide application of the Internet dramatically boosts the convenience and efficiency of acquiring knowledge for people.(中心句)2.In the times without the Internet,the main way to be well-educated was attending schools.3.But the scarcity of educational resources enabled only a few elites to do it.4.Thanks to the Internet technology,the knowledge gets across among people regardless of time and space.5.For example,Khan Academy,an innovative online educational company,offers high-quality and free-of-charge cramming courses involving mathematics,physics and other high school subjects.6.Another renowned program called “Coursera” cooperates with top universities and puts online real lectures of top-notch professors for people to learn from at no cost.
整個(gè)段落一共6句話，第一句話是中心句，第二句到第四句是對(duì)比論證(沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)候VS有了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)候)，第五句和第六句是兩個(gè)例子。
論證方法實(shí)例分析2
再如：
1.In the first place,job satisfaction is becoming increasingly important in contemporary society.2.Due to the fierce competition and social pressure,whether workers can attain satisfaction in their positions determines how hardly they work,which also determines how many profits the company will get.3.My brother can be cited as a good example.4.At first,he worked in an international company which cared nothing for its employees but profits.5.He was forced to work for extra hours without extra salary in regular working time, which generated extreme tiredness and dissatisfaction.6.As a result,he soon changed the job into a more satisfying one which has more vacation,better working environment and more friendly relationships between colleagues.7.Now,my brother enjoys his job which creates great job satisfaction for him and works more assiduously.
整個(gè)段落一共7句話，第一句仍然是中心句，第二句用的是因果論證，第三句開始舉了具體的個(gè)人例子。
因此，當(dāng)中心句寫完之后，到底寫點(diǎn)什么來支撐一個(gè)段落的字?jǐn)?shù)，考生可以從論證方法這個(gè)概念去思考。例如Body 1中心句之后可以先用因果論證，帶一下原因，再將結(jié)果層層遞進(jìn)寫幾句話，結(jié)束之后字?jǐn)?shù)肯定不夠，那就想一下還有一種論證方法叫舉例論證，能不能編一個(gè)例子出來。同理，Body 2還是先寫中心句，接下來寫一句因果，寫一句對(duì)比(正反假設(shè))，最后再來一組例子。簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們?cè)谒伎嫉臅r(shí)候從論證方法出發(fā)，但是呈獻(xiàn)給考官看的還是內(nèi)容。論證方法只是便于我們快速想到寫的內(nèi)容的方向，總比絞盡腦汁直接想內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)單得多。
如何讓段落邏輯清晰?
在了解了怎樣以最快速度想出理由段寫點(diǎn)什么內(nèi)容之后，還需要注意的一個(gè)問題是，有些人能“條理清晰地扯”，有些人“扯出了一團(tuán)漿糊”。那么怎樣才能讓考官看著覺得這個(gè)段落邏輯清晰呢?筆者在看了很多官方范文及學(xué)生的高分文章后，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)規(guī)律，好的文章段落有一個(gè)共同的邏輯層次，即由抽象到具體，上文兩個(gè)段落的層次安排也是按照這樣來進(jìn)行的，中心句結(jié)束后進(jìn)行解釋，最后搬上例子。這樣看來，文章理由段的寫法也非常簡(jiǎn)單，按照上面的安排操作即可，根據(jù)論證方法配以具體的內(nèi)容，一個(gè)段落就能輕松完成了。在此要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，新托福作文中，主體段的例子是非常重要的，考生應(yīng)該做到每一個(gè)段落都要有例子支持，當(dāng)然并不一定是具體某個(gè)人的例子，可以是引用的研究結(jié)果，也可以使用排比的句式寫出一組列舉的例子。
托福語料：CGTN主播劉欣和Fox主播Trish辯論原文
Regan：Xin welcome, it’s good to have you here.
劉欣你好，很高興你能來。
Have sb 表示邀請(qǐng)
比如我們?nèi)e人家吃飯，告辭的時(shí)候可以說聲 thanks for having me here表示謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我來。
Xin：Unprecedented opportunity to speak to you and to speak to audiences in the ordinary houses in the US.
Unprecedented：adj. 前所未有的
? that has never happened, been done or been known before
? 前所未有的;空前的;沒有先例的:
I have to get it straight, I am not a member of CPC.
Get sth straight, 把……說清楚 一般用來更正，或者澄清可能產(chǎn)生的誤解
在口語里可以說let me get it straight… I’m not saying….
This is on the record, please don’t assume that I am a member. I don’t speak for the CPC and I’m here today I’m only speaking for myself as Liu Xin a journalist working for CGTN. So if anybody wants to quote me, please put my name there at least.
On the record:記錄在案;公開發(fā)布
一般采訪的時(shí)候，如果希望自己匿名，可以說off the record.
能和你交談，和美國普通家庭中的觀眾交談，這是一個(gè)前所未有的機(jī)會(huì)。我必須澄清，我并不是中國共產(chǎn)黨。
我把話說明白，請(qǐng)不要假定我是黨員。我并不為共產(chǎn)黨發(fā)言，今天在這里我是作為CGTN的記者代表我自己發(fā)言。所以，如果有人想引用我的話，至少請(qǐng)把我的名字放在這里。
(劉欣直接表明自己身份，強(qiáng)調(diào)自己是個(gè)人身份，回?fù)袅藢?duì)方對(duì)身份和立場(chǎng)攻擊)
Regan：Ok appreciate it. Give your current assessment of where we are on these trade talks. Do you believe a deal is possible?
好的，謝謝你。以你目前對(duì)貿(mào)易談判的評(píng)估，告訴我們你對(duì)貿(mào)易談判進(jìn)展的判斷吧。你相信會(huì)達(dá)成協(xié)議嗎?
非常好的口語表達(dá)，不是字面意思我們?cè)谀睦?，而是表示一種現(xiàn)狀, 或者處境。
Xin：It is true that the satellite connection is not very good, but I believe you are asking me where we are in terms of the trade negotiations. I don’t know. I don’t have any insider information. I knew that talks were not very successful last time when they were going on in the United States, and now I know both sides are considering what to go next. But I think the Chinese government has made its position very clear that the US treated the Chinese government, treated the Chinese negotiation team with respect and show the willingness to talk without using outside pressure. There is high possibility that there could be a productive trade deal. Otherwise we might be facing a prolonged period of problems for both sides.
productive:高產(chǎn)的
Someone or something that is productive produces or does a lot for the amount of resources used.
? Training makes workers highly productive...
培訓(xùn)提高了工人們的生產(chǎn)力。
prolonged :持續(xù)很久的;時(shí)間長的
A prolonged event or situation continues for a long time, or for longer than expected.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
? ...a prolonged period of low interest rates.
長期的低利率
衛(wèi)星信號(hào)的確不是很好哈。但是如果你問我，當(dāng)前我們貿(mào)易談判的進(jìn)程如何，我并不知道。我并沒有任何內(nèi)部消息。我知道上一次在美國的談判不是很順利，現(xiàn)在我知道雙方都在考慮接下來怎么辦。但是我認(rèn)為，中國政府已經(jīng)擺出了明確的立場(chǎng)：只要美國尊重中國政府、中方談判團(tuán)隊(duì)，展現(xiàn)出不施加外部壓力來交流的意愿，我們就很有可能達(dá)成富有成效的貿(mào)易協(xié)議。否則，我們雙方可能都會(huì)面臨曠日持久的問題時(shí)期。
Regan: I would stress that trade wars are never good. They are not good for anyone. So I wanna believe Xin I wanna believe that something can get done. And this is certainly a challenging time. I realize there are a lot of rhetorics out there. But let me term one of the issues. That’s IP rights…You fundamentally… I think we can all agree that it’s right to take something that’s not yours. And in going through some of these cases, cases of the independent WTO that China is a member of as well as the DOJ, the FBI cases, you can actually see some of them are on the screen right now. There is evidence that China has stolen an enormous amount of IP, hundreds of billions of dollars worth. But truly, I think we shouldn't care hundreds of billions of dollars are just 50 cents. How do American businesses operate in China if there are risks of having their ideas or intellectual properties stolen?
rhetorics: 華麗的詞藻;浮夸之詞
If you refer to speech or writing as rhetoric, you disapprove of it because it is intended to convince and impress people but may not be sincere or honest.
【語用信息】：disapproval
? What is required is immediate action, not rhetoric...
需要的是立刻采取行動(dòng)，而不是說些華而不實(shí)的空話。
我想強(qiáng)調(diào)，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)絕不是好事兒，對(duì)任何人都不好。所以我愿意相信，我愿意相信能做成一些事情。這無疑是一個(gè)極具挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)代。我意識(shí)到形形色色的話術(shù)。但是，讓我來聊其中一個(gè)問題吧。那就是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)……你基本上……我想我們都同意，拿不是你的東西是不對(duì)的。在瀏覽某些此類案件的過程中，中國也是成員之一的WTO、DOJ和FBI的案件，你現(xiàn)在可以真切地在屏幕上看到它們。有證據(jù)表明，中國盜竊了大量的IP，價(jià)值數(shù)萬億美元。但認(rèn)真的，我認(rèn)為我們不該把數(shù)萬億美元當(dāng)做50美分。如果有讓他們的想法或知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)遭到盜竊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?
Xin: Well, I think Trish you should ask American businesses whether they want to come to China, whether they find coming to China and cooperating with Chinese businesses has been profitable or not. They will tell you their answers, as far as I understand, many American companies have been established in China very profitable. The great majority of them, I believe, plan to continue to invest in China and explore the Chinese market. Well now US president Donald Trump’s tariffs make it a little bit difficult, make the future a little bit uncertain. I don not deny that there are IP infringement or copyright issues or there are piracy or even theft of commercial secrets. I think this is something to be dealt with. I think the Chinese government, the Chinese people and me as an individual, I think there is a consensus because without the protection of IP right nobody, no country, no individual can be stronger, can develop itself. I think that is a very clear consensus among the Chinese society. And of course there are cases where individuals where companies just go and steal, and that’s a common practice probably in every part of the world. There are companies in the United States who sue each other all the time for infringement on IP rights. You can’t say simply because these cases are happening, America is stealing or China is stealing or the Chinese people are stealing. And basically that’s the reason why I wrote that rebuttal because I think this kind of blanket statement is really not helpful, really not helpful.
blanket statement： 含糊的，一鍋端的觀點(diǎn)
blanket表示毯子，這里面引申為overall的意思，就是以偏概全的意思。
例句：This is often a blanket statement that many people use when they don't understand or can't explain something easily.
這常常是一句空洞的話，當(dāng)不理解或者不能輕易解釋某些事物的時(shí)候，很多人使用這句話。
我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該去問問美國公司，看看他們?cè)覆辉敢鈦碇袊?，看看他們覺得到中國來、和中國公司合作是不是有利可圖。他們會(huì)給你答案的。就我所知，許多美國公司在中國發(fā)展得非常好，盈利非?？捎^。我相信，他們中的絕大多數(shù)都打算繼續(xù)在中國投資，開發(fā)中國市場(chǎng)。好吧，現(xiàn)在美國總統(tǒng)特朗普的關(guān)稅把事情弄得有點(diǎn)兒麻煩了，把未來弄得有點(diǎn)兒不確定了。
我不否認(rèn)的確存在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵犯問題、版權(quán)問題、隱私問題乃至商業(yè)機(jī)密盜竊問題。我認(rèn)為這是有待于解決的事情。中國政府、中國人民以及我作為個(gè)體都有這樣一個(gè)共識(shí)，因?yàn)槿绻麤]有IP保護(hù)，沒有國家或個(gè)人可以獨(dú)善其身。這在中國社會(huì)是一個(gè)顯而易見的共識(shí)。當(dāng)然也有個(gè)體或公司進(jìn)行偷竊的案例，這樣的情況或許在世界各地都很常見。許多美國的公司也一直在控訴彼此侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。你不能因?yàn)檫@樣的案例在發(fā)生，就說美國人就在盜竊，或者中國人在盜竊?；旧线@就是我寫下那段反駁的原因，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為，這種含糊片面的言論真的毫無益處，真的毫無益處。
Regan: It’s not just a statement. It’s multiple reports including evident from the WTO. Let me ask you about Huawei. That’s in the headlines right now. (Sure. I don't deny those.) As I said, we can all agree, if you do business with someone, it has to be based on trust. and you don’t want anyone stealing your valuable information you spent decades working on. Anyway China passed a law in 2017 requiring tech companies to work with the military and the government. It’s not just individual companies right? They might be getting access to these technologies as the government itself, which is an interesting nuance. But I get that China is upset that Huawei has not been welcome to the US market totally. So let me just ask you this, it’s an interesting way to think about it. What if we said, you know, sure, Huawei, come on in, but here’s the deal you must share all the technological advances that you’ve been working on. You get to share with us. Would that be ok?
nuance:noun [C, U] 細(xì)微差別
? a very slight difference in meaning, sound, colour or sb's feelings that is not usually very obvious
?He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.
他認(rèn)真地注視著她的臉,捕捉每一絲細(xì)微的表情變化。
這不僅僅是一段言論。這是許多份報(bào)告，其中包括了來自WTO的證據(jù)。讓我問問你華為的事兒吧。畢竟這是現(xiàn)在的頭條熱點(diǎn)。(當(dāng)然，我不否認(rèn)。)如我所說，我們都同意，如果你要和一個(gè)人做生意，那一定是建立在信任之上的，你不希望別人來偷竊你花費(fèi)了幾十年心血的寶貴信息。無論如何，2017年中國通過了一條法律，要求科技公司與軍方和政府合作。不僅僅是獨(dú)立的公司對(duì)吧?政府本身也可能接觸到這些技術(shù)，這是一個(gè)很有趣的細(xì)微差別。但我了解到，華為在美國市場(chǎng)完全不受歡迎，這事兒讓中方很沮喪。所以我想問問你，用這種方式來想很有意思。如果我們說，華為，進(jìn)來吧，但條件是你們必須把正在研究的所有先進(jìn)技術(shù)都拿來共享。你們必須和我們分享。這樣可以嗎?
Xin: I think if it is through cooperation, if it is through mutual learning, if you pay for the use of this IP or high technology, absolutely fine. Why not? We all prosper because we learn from each other. I learn English because I had American teachers. I learn English because I had American friends. Still I’m learning journalism because I have American copy editors. I think that is fine as long as it is not illegal. Everybody should do that. That’s how we get better right?
我認(rèn)為如果是通過合作，如果是通過互相學(xué)習(xí)，如果你愿意花錢來使用我們的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)或高新技術(shù)，絕對(duì)可以的。為什么不呢?我們都會(huì)繁榮發(fā)展，因?yàn)槲覀兓ハ鄬W(xué)習(xí)。我學(xué)英語，因?yàn)槲矣忻绹蠋?。我學(xué)英語，因?yàn)槲矣忻绹笥?。不僅如此，我學(xué)新聞，因?yàn)槲矣忻绹奈陌妇庉?。我覺得那是可以的，只要不違反法律。每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該那樣做。我們就是那樣變得更好的，不是嗎?
Regan：But you mention something very important, which is that you should pay for the acquisition of that. You know, look, I think that the liberalized economic world in which we live and have valued intellectual property and it’s governed by a set of laws, and so you need kind of to play by the rules and play by those laws for going to have that kind of trust between each other. But I think you bring up some good points. Let me turn to China right now, which is now…wow…the second largest economy. At what point will China abandon its developing nation status or stop borrowing from the World Bank.
但你提到了一件非常重要的事情，那就是：你應(yīng)該花錢來買知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。你知道的，聽著，我認(rèn)為我們生活在一個(gè)自由化的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界之中，當(dāng)今世界很重視知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，這個(gè)問題受到一系列法律的管束，所以你必須按照規(guī)則和法律來玩這場(chǎng)游戲，才能建立起彼此之間的信任。但我認(rèn)為，你提到了一些很好的觀點(diǎn)。讓我聊回中國，中國現(xiàn)在……哇哦，第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。到什么時(shí)候，中國才會(huì)放棄發(fā)展中國家的身份，停止向世界銀行借錢呢?
Xin： Well I think discussion is going on and I have heard a very live discussion about it. Indeed, there are people talking about China already big, why don’t you just grow up? I think we want to grow up, we don’t wanna be dwarf and underdeveloped all the time. But it depends on how you define developing country, right?
If you look at the overall size of the Chinese economy, yes we are very big. But don't forget we have 1.4 billion people, that is over three times population of the United States. But when it comes down to per capita GDP, we are less than 1/6 of that of the United States and even less than some other more developed countries.
It’s a very complicated issue, because as I said it’s very small, but overall it’s very big.
We can do a lot of big things, and people are looking upon us to do a lot more around the world.
So I think we are doing that, we’re contributing to the United Nations, we’re the world’s biggest contributor to the UN peace keeping commissions, we’re giving out donations and humanitarian aids. Because we know we have to grow up and Trish, thank you for the reminder.
好的，我認(rèn)為討論正在進(jìn)行中，我已經(jīng)聽到了關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的非常生動(dòng)的討論。事實(shí)上，有很多人說中國已經(jīng)很大了，你們?yōu)槭裁淳筒荒艹砷L起來呢?我認(rèn)為我們也想要成長，我們也不想一直低人一等、不夠發(fā)達(dá)。但是這要取決于你如何定義發(fā)展中國家，對(duì)嗎?
從如果你觀察中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體規(guī)模，那么沒錯(cuò)，我們體量很大。但不要忘了，我們還有14億人民，是美國人口的三倍。但是，由人均GDP來看，我們還不到美國的1/6，跟其他更發(fā)達(dá)的國家比起來就更少了。
這是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的問題，因?yàn)槲艺f了中國的人均GDP很低，但總體經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模非常大。
我們可以做成很多偉大的事情，人民期待我們?cè)谑澜绺鞯刈龈嗟氖虑椤?/p>
所以我認(rèn)為我們正在這要做，我們正在為聯(lián)合國做貢獻(xiàn)，我們是世界上為聯(lián)合國維和任務(wù)貢獻(xiàn)最多的國家，我們積極捐款，參與人道主義援助。因?yàn)槲覀冎牢覀儽仨殹伴L大”，也謝謝你的提醒。
Regan: Let’s get to the tariffs, I’ve seen some of your commentaries too, and Xin I appreciated it you think China could lower some of it’s tariffs. I watch to see that and I totally agree with you. In 2016, the average tariff charged on the American goods in China was 9.9%, and that was nearly three times what the US was charging, so what do you say about this?
讓我們來聊聊關(guān)稅。我也看過了一些你的評(píng)論，我很感謝你認(rèn)為中國應(yīng)該降低關(guān)稅。我拭目以待，而且完全同意你的觀點(diǎn)。2016年，中國對(duì)美國商品征收的平均關(guān)稅是9.9%，差不多是美國所征收的三倍。你怎么看待這個(gè)問題?
Xin: I think that would be a wonderful idea, I mean don’t you think? I mean for American consumers, products from China will be even cheaper, and for consumers in China, products from US will be so much cheaper too. I think that will be wonderful idea.
You talked about rule-based order, this is the thing, if you want to change the rules, it has to be done in mutual consensus, basically, if you talk about tariffs, it is not only about China and US, I understand, if you lower tariffs just between China and the Unites States, the Europeans will come, the Japanese will come, the Venezuelans will probably come and say, hey, we want the same tariff. But you can’t discriminate between countries, so it’s a very complicated settlement to reach.
When the world agreed on the tariff reduction China should commit to……was exactly the result of years of difficult negotiations of the United States saw in its interests and decided to what degree they can agree, or to what degree they can lower their tariff, and China agreed to, although in some difficulties, lower our tariff considerably, it is all the decisions of countries according to their own self interests, now things are different.
20 years later, what are we going to do? Maybe these old rules need to be changed. Let’s talk about it, let’s do it according to the rules. If you don’t like the rules, let’s change the rules, but again, it must be a multilateral decision.
我認(rèn)為這是個(gè)很好的主意，你不覺得嗎?我的意思是，對(duì)于美國消費(fèi)者而言，來自中國的商品會(huì)更便宜了，而對(duì)于中國的消費(fèi)者而言，來自美國的商品也會(huì)便宜得多。我認(rèn)為這會(huì)是個(gè)很棒的主意。
你談到了基于規(guī)則的系統(tǒng)，基于規(guī)則的秩序，這就是問題所在。如果你想要改變規(guī)則，那必須是建立在雙向共識(shí)之上。從基本上說，如果你要談關(guān)稅，那就不僅僅是中國和美國之間的問題。我明白，如果你只降低中美之間的關(guān)稅，那么歐洲國家會(huì)跑過來，日本會(huì)跑過來，委內(nèi)瑞拉或許也會(huì)跑過來，然后說：喂，我們也想要一樣的關(guān)稅。你不能區(qū)別對(duì)待不同的國家，所以這是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜、難以解決的問題。
全球各國也是經(jīng)過了艱難的協(xié)商才決定關(guān)稅降低的幅度。期間美國也是根據(jù)自己的利益，決定在多大程度上同意或者在多大程度上決定他們可以做些什么。盡管中國面臨一些困難，但依然同意大幅降低關(guān)稅，這本來就是各國根據(jù)自己的利益所做的決定?，F(xiàn)在，事情不一樣了。
20年后，我們應(yīng)該怎么做?或許舊有的規(guī)則需要改變。讓我們坐下來溝通、根據(jù)規(guī)則行事。如果你不喜歡現(xiàn)在的規(guī)則，那讓我們來改變規(guī)則。但我需要再重申一遍，這必須是一個(gè)多邊的決定。
Regan: You go back the trade view of 1974 Section 3, I wonder. There was a rule that enable U.S to use tariffs trying to influence behavior of China should have been taken in stealing our intellectual property. And I think in some ways that is part of what come in for human’s sense of trust. I hear you on the force technology transfer. And I think that some of the American companies perhaps admit it is a mistake in terms of being willing to overlook what they might have to give up in the new turn. But this is an issue where the country as a whole needs to step in and we’re seeing the United States do that perhaps in a way that hasn’t happened. I mean it’s been in a background. Don’t get me wrong. I think previous administration have Identify the challenges but have really been a little bit unwilling to take on. We’re living in this very different times. How do you define state capitalism? No, force technology is part of it……. Hang on one second, Xin, I wanna say that I think your economic analysis is very interesting because you know you’ve had a capital-assistant but it’s state-run. So, talk us about that. How do you define?
我想，你說的是1974年貿(mào)易法案的301條款。有這樣一條規(guī)則讓美國運(yùn)用關(guān)稅來試圖影響中國的行為，在中國盜竊我們的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)時(shí)本應(yīng)該運(yùn)用這樣的規(guī)則。我認(rèn)為在某些方面，這是由人類信任感而來。我聽到了你關(guān)于第四次技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移的言論。 我認(rèn)為，有的美國公司可能會(huì)承認(rèn)，忽略他們可能要在新的轉(zhuǎn)折中放棄的東西是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
這是一個(gè)需要國家整體介入的問題，通過已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，我們看到美國就在這樣做。我的意思是，這是有大的背景的。一位醫(yī)生診斷出了挑戰(zhàn)，但又不是很愿意接受挑戰(zhàn)。我們生活在這樣一個(gè)不一樣的時(shí)代里。你如何定義國家資本主義?
Xin： Well, we’d like to define the socialism with Chinese characteristics where the market forces are expected to play the dominating or the deciding role in the allocation of resources. Basically, we wanna be a market economy, but there are some Chinese characteristics. For instance, some state-owned enterprises which are playing an important but increasingly smaller role in the economy. Everybody thinks that china’s economy is state-owned.
寫作金句分析
這句話包含了三個(gè)很重要的表達(dá)：
1.有中國特色的社會(huì)主義 :the socialism with Chinese characteristics
2. 市場(chǎng)發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用 ：market forces are expected to play the dominating or the deciding role
3. 資源配置：the allocation of resources or allocate resources
Maybe in the economy and everybody thinks that china’s economy is state-owned. Everything is state-controlled everything is state state state. But I let me tell you it is not the true picture if you look at the statistics for instance 80% of Chinese employees were employed by private enterprise. 80% of Chinese exports were done by private companies, were produced by private companies. About 65% of technological innovation were achieved were carried out by private enterprises.the largest, some of the largest companies that affect our life for instance some internet companies some 5G technology companies, they are private companies, so we are yes socialist economy with Chinese characteristics but it’s you know that not everything state controlled, state-run it’s not like that. We are actually quite mixed and dynamic and actually very very open as well.
事情不是這樣的：
it is not the true picture
picture表示情況，比如look at the big picture 看大局
你不了解情況：you are missing the picture here
你了解…的真實(shí)情況么?do you have the real picture of….
好的，我們?cè)敢鈱⑵涠x為有中國特色的社會(huì)主義，在資源配置方面由市場(chǎng)力量起主導(dǎo)性或決定性的作用?；旧?，我們想成為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，但還要有一些中國特色。比如說，有的國有企業(yè)正扮演著重要的角色，但它們?cè)谑袌?chǎng)上的作用會(huì)越來越小，但所有人都認(rèn)為，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)是國營主導(dǎo)的。所有的東西都是國家控制的，所有的事情都是國家、國家、國家。但是我要告訴你，真實(shí)情況不是這樣的。你不妨看看數(shù)據(jù)，80%的中國上班族在私企上班，80%的出口都是來自私企，這些商品也是由私企生產(chǎn)的。將近65%的科技創(chuàng)新都是由私企來實(shí)現(xiàn)、來完成的。許多影響著我們生活的頂級(jí)公司，比如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司、5G技術(shù)公司，它們都是私企。所以沒錯(cuò)，我們是有中國特色的社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)，但是你得知道，并不是一切都是由國家控制、國家經(jīng)營的，情況不是那樣的。我們其實(shí)非常多元，非常有活力，也非常非常開放。
Regan： Well I think you need to probably keep being open and that you know as a free trade person as myself. I think that’s the direction to pursue. And ultimately that leads to greater economic prosperity for you and better economic prosperity for us. And so let me get a win-win.
作為一個(gè)支持自由貿(mào)易的人，我認(rèn)為你或許應(yīng)該保持這種開放的心態(tài)，這是值得努力的方向。如此一來，不管是中國還是美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)都將蓬勃發(fā)展，所以讓我們互惠雙贏吧。
Xin：Absolutely.
沒問題。
Regan： This was interesting. I appreciate you’ve been here. Thank you.
很有意思，感謝你來。謝謝。
Xin： Thank you so much. If you wanna have a discussion in the future we can do that. If you wanna come to China…
非常謝謝。如果你想來中國來討論
Regan：I’d love it
我很愿意
Xin: You are welcome. And I’ll take you around
我會(huì)帶你到處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)
Regan： Thank you.
謝謝
