話說大教育家孔子活到了20世紀90年代，仍干著“傳道、授業(yè)、解惑”的工作。這一方面是為了發(fā)揮余熱，另一方面也是為生計考慮。
It is said that Confucius, a great educator, lived to the 1990s and still worked on "preaching, imparting knowledge and solving puzzles". On the one hand, it is to make full use of residual heat, on the other hand, it is also for livelihood consideration.
晚年的孔子混得并不瀟灑。盡管他曾出過國、講過學、著過書而且知名度也頗高，但終因不懂英語、不懂俄語、不懂日語，外語職稱考試總是過不得關(guān)，所以在大學里總是評不上教授、副教授，最后只好灰溜溜地退了休。
Confucius in his old age didn't mix well. Although he has ever been abroad, spoken, studied, and read books, and has a high reputation, but eventually because he does not know English, Russian, or Japanese, the foreign language title examination is always too late to pass, so in the University, he is always unable to evaluate the professor or Associate Professor, and finally has to retire in disgrace.
孔子退休以后，閉門思量多日，最后回到故鄉(xiāng)，重操舊業(yè)辦私學，既托親朋好友，又到銀行貸款，最后湊了數(shù)百萬元，創(chuàng)辦了孔氏中學。學校掛牌那天，當?shù)卣缫獑T和其他社會名流都紛紛登門祝賀，當?shù)貓蠹堖€發(fā)了頭版頭條。由于孔子的號召力很大，生源不錯，聘來的教師水平也高，再加上孔子的教育思想得到了很好的貫徹，孔氏中學的教育質(zhì)量不錯，升學率也一年高過一年。每到招生時節(jié)，更是門庭若市，熱鬧非凡。
After his retirement, Confucius thought for many days behind closed doors, and finally returned to his hometown to go back to private school. He not only entrusted his family and friends, but also went to the bank for loans. Finally, he collected millions of yuan and founded Kong middle school. On the day of the school's listing, local politicians and other celebrities all came to the door to congratulate, and local newspapers also made headlines. Due to Confucius' great appeal, good student resources, high level of hired teachers, and Confucius' education thought has been well implemented, the education quality of Confucius middle school is good, and the enrollment rate is higher than one year. When it comes to enrollment, it's even more crowded.
歷史的車輪轉(zhuǎn)到了20世紀末的某一天，主管單位來電話，召孔子赴教育局開會，傳達上級指示私立學校也要實施素質(zhì)教育，不能再搞“應試教育”，私立學校也要減輕學生課業(yè)負擔，不能再搞題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
The wheel of history turned to one day at the end of the 20th century. The competent department called Confucius to the Education Bureau for a meeting, to convey the instructions of the higher authorities that the private schools should also carry out quality-oriented education, and should no longer carry out "exam oriented education", and the private schools should also reduce the burden of students' schoolwork, and should no longer engage in subject naval warfare.
由于這次會議很重要，縣里的一位領導也到會講了話。這位有些盛氣凌人的年輕領導說，“‘減負’是一件大事，不能麻痹大意，公立學校和私立學校都要抓好這項工作。我們一定要轉(zhuǎn)變觀念。過去，孔夫子在《論語》一開篇就強調(diào)‘學而時習之，不亦說乎’，是有道理的。學習確實需要反復溫習，反復溫習的目的是為了有所得，是為了溫故而知新。但如果不加限制地一味讓學生‘習’下去、‘溫’下去，那不是加重學生的課業(yè)負擔嗎？所以，我今天鄭重建議，‘習’的次數(shù)能不能限定在五六次？你們一定要兩手抓，兩手都要硬，一手抓升學率，一手抓‘減負’。縣里統(tǒng)一規(guī)定，小學生作業(yè)量每日不得超過一小時，如果誰加重課業(yè)負擔讓學生喝了農(nóng)藥上了吊，教師開除，校長撤職，學校關(guān)門，還要追究刑事責任！”
As the meeting was very important, a leader of the county also spoke at the meeting. "Reducing the burden" is a big thing, and we should not be careless. Both public and private schools should do a good job in this work. We must change our ideas. In the past, Confucius' emphasis on learning and learning at the beginning of the Analects was reasonable. Learning really needs repeated review. The purpose of repeated review is to gain something and to learn from the past. But if we let students' study 'and' warm 'go on without restriction, wouldn't it increase the students' academic burden? So, I seriously suggest today, can we limit the number of 'learning' to five or six times? You must grasp both hands, both hands must be hard, one hand must grasp the rate of enrollment, the other hand must grasp "reducing the burden". According to the county's unified regulations, the amount of homework for primary school students should not exceed one hour a day. If anyone increases the burden of schoolwork and lets students drink pesticides and hang, the teacher is dismissed, the principal is dismissed, the school is closed, and criminal responsibility should be investigated! "
說實話，孔子還在大學任教時，就對中小學生課業(yè)負擔過重有所耳聞。自己回鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)辦私立學校以后，也一再告誡任課教師不要加重學生課業(yè)負擔，要在事半功倍上下工夫，他甚至不再在公開場合宣傳自己的那句“學而時習之，不亦說乎”的名言。
To be honest, when Confucius was still teaching in the University, he heard about the heavy burden on primary and secondary school students. After he returned to his hometown to establish a private school, he also repeatedly warned the teachers not to increase the burden of students' schoolwork, and to work hard with half the effort. He even stopped publicizing his famous saying "learning while learning is not too much.".
可孔子的話現(xiàn)在不管用，孔氏中學的教師搞的是聘任制，后來還順應時代潮流實行學生選老師。家長一門心思想的是送子女考中專，考大學，考研，出國留學。誰能幫助子女考試取得好成績，誰就是受學生愛戴、家長擁護、社會尊重的好老師。要是哪個老師搞改革、搞“減負”，把學生的成績和學校的升學率減下去了，家長們一千個不贊成、一萬個不答應，甚至會群起攻之，強烈要求學校讓這位教師“下崗”。所以，孔氏中學的教師暗地里都較著勁，紛紛使出看家本領抓升學率。膽大的教師甚至公開對孔子說：“孔校長，您還是先把教育質(zhì)量抓上去再說吧?？资现袑W要是一年到頭考不了幾個中專生和大學生，誰還到您這里來上學呀？”孔子想想也有道理，升學競爭太激烈了，不重視升學率也不行啊，所以也就睜了一只眼閉了一只眼，沒有太把“減負”這事當回事了。
However, Confucius's words do not work at present. The teachers of Kong's middle school engage in the appointment system, and later follow the trend of the times to choose teachers from students. Parents have a mind to send their children to take the entrance examination of secondary school, University, postgraduate entrance examination and study abroad. Who can help their children to achieve good results in examinations is a good teacher loved by students, supported by parents and respected by the society. If any teacher reforms and "reduces the burden" and reduces the student's grades and the school's enrollment rate, a thousand parents will not agree, ten thousand will not agree, or even attack together, and urge the school to "lay off" the teacher. Therefore, the teachers of Kong's middle school are secretly more active, and they have made great efforts to pay attention to the enrollment rate. The brave teacher even said to Confucius in public, "President Kong, you'd better improve the quality of education first. If Kong's middle school can't test a few technical secondary school students and college students all year round, who will come to your school? " Confucius thought that it was also reasonable. The competition for admission to higher education was too fierce, and it was not good to pay attention to the rate of admission, so he opened one eye and closed the other. He did not take the "burden reduction" seriously.
這回孔子可不敢大意了，從教育局一回來，就立即召開了全校教師大會，如此這般地傳達了上級指示，并把有關(guān)文件照本宣科地高聲誦讀了一遍，最后明確表態(tài)，在這個問題上不能與上級對著干，一定要把學生的負擔減下來，誰要是在這個問題上出了事，就“格殺勿論”，絕不心慈手軟。
Confucius didn't dare to be careless this time. As soon as he came back from the Education Bureau, he immediately held the teachers' meeting of the whole school, so as to convey the instructions of his superiors, and read the relevant documents aloud according to the book. At last, he made it clear that he could not confront his superiors on this issue, so he must reduce the burden of students. If anyone had any problems on this issue, he would "kill them Don't talk about it. "Never be soft hearted.
孔校長表了“硬”態(tài)，那些招聘來的教師自然不敢公開反對。有些暗地里炒股的青年教師放聲高呼：“嗚呼，咱們解放了！”從此，孔氏中學早晨聽不到讀書聲，下午難見教師的影，晚上也不開日光燈了。
President Kong shows a "hard" attitude, and those teachers who are recruited naturally dare not object publicly. Some of the young teachers who secretly speculated in the stock market shouted: "whoops, we are liberated!" From then on, Kongs middle school could not hear the sound of reading in the morning, could not see the teacher's shadow in the afternoon, and could not turn on the fluorescent lamp in the evening.
學生的負擔是減下去了，家長的意見卻多起來了。有位也是縣領導的家長甚至當面質(zhì)問孔子：“在升學率的問題還沒有解決好的時候，你‘減’什么‘負’呀？你的孔氏中學辦不辦得下去是小事，孩子們的前途可是大事。老孔啊，你得想個萬全之策啊?！?/p>
The burden of students has been reduced, but the opinions of parents have increased. One of the parents, who was also the leader of the county, even asked Confucius in person, "when the problem of the enrollment rate hasn't been solved, what's the" negative "of your" reduction "? It's a small matter whether your Kong middle school can do it or not. The future of the children is a big matter. Old Kong, you have to think of a perfect plan. "
這萬全之策孔子是想不出來的。他唯一想做的是，一手抓“減負”，一手抓教育質(zhì)量的提高，但這談何容易啊。就拿因材施教來說吧，這的確是提高教育質(zhì)量的好辦法?？墒牵^去孔子搞的是小班教學，搞了幾十年教育，才帶了3000個弟子，也只出了70個賢人?？扇缃窨资现袑W一年就要招進3000個學生，而教師才100來人，哪有時間、精力和能力去因材施教啊！再說，不搞因材施教，孔氏中學一年也要考1000多個大學生呢。
Confucius can't think of this all-around strategy. The only thing he wants to do is to focus on "reducing the burden" and improving the quality of education, but it's not easy. Let's take individualized teaching as an example. It's really a good way to improve the quality of education. However, Confucius used to teach in small classes. After decades of education, he brought 3000 students and only 70 sages. But now Kongs middle school will recruit 3000 students a year, and only 100 teachers. How can we have the time, energy and ability to teach students according to their aptitude! Besides, if we do not teach students in accordance with their aptitude, more than 1000 college students will be admitted to Kongzi middle school every year.
家長的意見越來越大，使出來的對策也越來越多：有路子的家長讓子女轉(zhuǎn)了學：有票子的家長為子女請了家教；有房子的家長把房子租出去給人家辦補習班，讓自己的子女做旁聽：既沒有路子，也沒有票子，又沒有房子的家長，干脆讓子女輟了學。
Parents have more and more opinions, so there are more and more countermeasures: parents who have the way let their children transfer to school; parents who have the ticket ask their children for tutors; parents who have the house rent the house to others to do remedial classes, and let their children attend: parents who have neither the way nor the ticket nor the house simply let their children drop out of school.
孔氏中學的學生在一天天減少，孔氏中學的老師也在一天天減少。那些有本事抓升學率的老師已被那些暗地里不搞“減負”的學校高薪聘走了，留下來的不是退休返聘的，就是臨近退休的，或者是翅膀不硬的。
The number of students and teachers in Kongs middle school is decreasing day by day. Those teachers who have the ability to grasp the enrollment rate have been hired by those schools that do not engage in "load reduction" secretly. Those who stay are either retired or close to retirement, or those with weak wings.
歷史的車輪又轉(zhuǎn)了兩年，孔氏中學不得不關(guān)門大吉。有趣的是，當?shù)啬羌以陬^版頭條報道孔氏中學開辦這一消息的報紙，這回還是用頭版頭條發(fā)了孔氏中學關(guān)門的消息，并且有意在三版頭條刊登了孔子撰寫的論文《論“減負”的七大關(guān)系》。
After another two years of turning the wheel of history, Kong's middle school had to close down. Interestingly, the local newspaper that once reported the opening of Kongzi middle school on the front page used the front page headline to send the news that Kongzi middle school was closed, and intended to publish Confucius' paper "on the seven relationships of" reducing load "on the front page.
在這篇長達5000字的論文中，孔子認為，在新形勢下，要科學而有效地落實“減負”精神，必須處理好“減負”與質(zhì)量的關(guān)系，學生負擔要減輕，教育質(zhì)量要提高，必須處理好“減負”與職責的關(guān)系，學生的負擔要減輕，教師的責任要增強，素質(zhì)要提高；必須正確處理過重負擔和合理負擔的關(guān)系，過重的負擔一定要減下去，合理的負擔一點也不能減；必須正確處理減輕課業(yè)負擔和減輕心理負擔的關(guān)系，過重的課業(yè)負擔一定要減下去，過重的心理負擔更要減下去；必須正確處理“減負”與考試檢測的關(guān)系，學生負擔要減輕，考試標準要革新；必須正確處理“減負”與傳統(tǒng)教育思想的關(guān)系，“減負”是現(xiàn)代改革的潮流，但對傳統(tǒng)教育思想中的合理內(nèi)核，比如勤學苦練、溫故知新不能全盤否定；必須正確處理家庭、學校、社會的關(guān)系，實行綜合治理，堅決杜絕學校“減負”、家長“增負”的現(xiàn)象。
In this 5000 word paper, Confucius believed that in order to scientifically and effectively implement the spirit of "burden reduction" in the new situation, we must deal with the relationship between "burden reduction" and quality, reduce the burden of students, improve the quality of education, deal with the relationship between "burden reduction" and responsibility, reduce the burden of students, enhance the responsibility of teachers and improve the quality, and correctly handle the problem To manage the relationship between excessive burden and reasonable burden, the excessive burden must be reduced, and the reasonable burden cannot be reduced at all; the relationship between reducing the burden of schoolwork and reducing the psychological burden must be handled correctly, the excessive burden of schoolwork must be reduced, and the excessive psychological burden must be reduced; the relationship between "reducing burden" and examination and testing must be handled correctly, and the burden of students should be reduced, and the examination should be conducted The test standard should be innovated; the relationship between "reducing load" and traditional education thought must be correctly handled; reducing load is the trend of modern reform, but the reasonable core of traditional education thought, such as diligent study and hard practice, learning from the past and learning from the new, cannot be totally denied; the relationship among family, school and society must be correctly handled, comprehensive governance must be implemented, and "reducing load" in school and "increasing load" in parents must be resolutely eliminated The phenomenon.
孔氏中學停辦或者說是倒閉后的半年里，人們很難見到孔子的蹤影。有人說孔子在臥床養(yǎng)病，有人說孔子在寫回憶錄《孔氏中學》，也有人說孔子被另外一家不搞“減負”的私立學校聘走了，還有人說孔子正在申辦一所新的私立學校。
In the six months after the closure of Kongzi middle school, it is hard to see Confucius. Some people say that Confucius is sleeping in bed to recuperate, some say that Confucius is writing his memoir "Kongzi middle school", some say that Confucius has been hired by another private school that does not engage in "burden reduction", others say that Confucius is bidding for a new private school.
