House of Representatives (The House)：眾議院

House of Representatives (the house)

眾議院是國會(huì)兩院規(guī)模較大的一院，435名議員通常被稱作國會(huì)議員和國會(huì)女議員，他們的任期為兩年，參議員的任期則為六年。眾議院議長由每屆新國會(huì)開幕時(shí)眾議員們經(jīng)過多數(shù)投票產(chǎn)生。眾議員代表著他們“選區(qū)”的近五十萬公民，每個(gè)州選區(qū)的眾議員人數(shù)每10年根據(jù)聯(lián)邦人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)確定一次。

The house of Representatives is a large-scale house of two houses of Congress. 435 members are usually called members of Congress and women members of Congress. Their term of office is two years, while the term of office of senators is six years. The speaker of the house of Representatives is elected by a majority vote at the opening of each new Congress. Representatives represent nearly half a million citizens in their "constituencies," and the number of representatives in each state constituency is determined every 10 years based on federal demographic data.

House Majority leader：眾議院多數(shù)派領(lǐng)袖

House Majority Leader

眾議院多數(shù)派領(lǐng)袖是眾議院多數(shù)派政黨第二位最有權(quán)力的人士。與眾議院議長不同，他/她對眾議院不負(fù)總體責(zé)任，主要任務(wù)完全是推動(dòng)所屬政黨的利益。

The house majority leader is the second most powerful member of the house majority party. Unlike the speaker of the house of Representatives, he / she has no overall responsibility for the house of Representatives, and his / her main task is to promote the interests of his / her party.

House Minority Leader：眾議院少數(shù)派領(lǐng)袖

House Minority Leader

眾議院少數(shù)派領(lǐng)袖是在眾議院占少數(shù)地位政黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，也是少數(shù)派政黨的政策立場發(fā)言人，負(fù)責(zé)組織黨的立法戰(zhàn)略。

The minority leader of the house of Representatives is the leader of the party with minority status in the house of Representatives and the spokesman of the minority party's policy position, responsible for organizing the party's legislative strategy.

Landslide victory：壓倒性勝利

Landslide victory: overwhelming victory

指在競選活動(dòng)中獲得絕對多數(shù)選票。例如1988年老布什以426張選舉人票當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。他的民主黨對手只得到111張選舉人票。

To obtain an absolute majority of votes in a campaign. In 1988, for example, Bush was elected president by 426 electoral votes. His Democratic opponent received only 111 electoral votes.

Independent Registered： 獨(dú)立選民

Independent registered: independent voters

那些宣布自己不屬某個(gè)特定黨派的選民都可以稱為獨(dú)立派人士。由于多數(shù)注冊為某黨派的選民通常會(huì)投某黨派候選人的票，大選競選的重點(diǎn)是贏得獨(dú)立選民的支持。在全國范圍內(nèi)有近三分之一的選民認(rèn)為自己是獨(dú)立派人士，不過，在一些關(guān)鍵州，獨(dú)立選民的比例比其它一些州更大一些。

Voters who declare that they are not a particular party can be called independents. Since a majority of registered voters usually vote for candidates of a certain party, the focus of the general election campaign is to win the support of independent voters. Nearly a third of voters nationwide think they are independents, but in some key states, the proportion of independent voters is larger than in others.

Joint chiefs of staff ：參謀長聯(lián)席會(huì)議

Joint Chiefs of staff

參謀長聯(lián)席會(huì)議的成員是總統(tǒng)和國防部長的主要軍事顧問，由美國陸軍和空軍參謀長、海軍作戰(zhàn)部部長組成。在涉及到海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)事宜時(shí)，海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)司令也是會(huì)議成員。參謀長聯(lián)席會(huì)議由主席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，他被認(rèn)為是美國軍方的總發(fā)言人，總統(tǒng)的首席軍事顧問。

The members of the Joint Chiefs of staff are the chief military advisers of the president and the Secretary of defense, and they are composed of the chief of staff of the United States Army and air force and the Secretary of the Department of naval operations. When it comes to the Marine Corps, the Marine Corps commander is also a member of the meeting. The Joint Chiefs of staff are headed by the president, who is considered to be the general spokesman of the United States military and the president's chief military adviser.

Mudslinging：揭發(fā)隱私

Mudslinging: exposing privacy

對政敵的誣陷和中傷。這個(gè)詞原意是往別人身上扔泥，在競選中指對敵對政黨的惡意中傷。比如說給對方抹黑的競選廣告，有些甚至是故意誤導(dǎo)的攻擊性廣告。

False accusations and slanders against political enemies. The original meaning of this word is to throw mud on others. In the election campaign, it refers to the malice and slander against the rival parties. For example, campaign advertisements that smear each other, and some even offensive advertisements that deliberately mislead each other.

McCain-Feingold ：麥凱恩-法因戈?duì)柕路ò?/p>

McCain Feingold: the McCain Feingold act

以兩位主要發(fā)起人麥凱恩參議員和法因戈?duì)柕聟⒆h員命名的競選資金改革法案。制訂這一法案的目的是限制地下籌款活動(dòng)和聯(lián)邦競選開支。這一法案禁止了“軟錢”，對使候選人受益的議題廣告進(jìn)行了限制。

Campaign funding reform bill named after two main sponsors, Senator McCain and Senator Feingold. The bill was designed to limit underground fundraising and federal campaign spending. The bill bans "soft money" and limits advertising on topics that benefit candidates.

Medicaid：醫(yī)療救助項(xiàng)目

Medicaid: Medical Assistance Project

聯(lián)邦政府出資但由州政府操作的向一些低收入人群提供醫(yī)療和保健服務(wù)的項(xiàng)目。這一項(xiàng)目由1965年社會(huì)保障法附加案所創(chuàng)立，它只適用于符合福利項(xiàng)目條件的特定人群，包括老年人、盲人、殘疾人士、單親家庭、父母是殘障或失業(yè)人士的孩子。

A program funded by the federal government but operated by the state government to provide medical and health services to some low-income people. This program was created by the social security act of 1965, which only applies to specific groups of people who meet the conditions of the welfare program, including the elderly, the blind, the disabled, single parent families, children whose parents are disabled or unemployed.

Medicare：聯(lián)邦醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目

Medicare: federal health insurance program

這項(xiàng)全國范圍內(nèi)的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目是根據(jù)1965年社會(huì)保障法附加案所設(shè)立的，適用人群是老年人和殘疾人士。它分為醫(yī)院保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，目的是保障65歲及以上的人士不受高醫(yī)療開支的影響。那些患有永久性腎衰和特定殘疾的人士也可享受這一保險(xiǎn)。

This nationwide medical insurance program was established under the social security act of 1965, which is applicable to the elderly and the disabled. It is divided into hospital insurance and medical insurance to protect people aged 65 and over from high medical expenses. This insurance is also available to those with permanent renal failure and specific disabilities.

National convention ：全國黨代表大會(huì)

National Convention: National Party Congress

全國黨代表大會(huì)每隔四年舉行一次，來自全國各州的黨代表參加會(huì)議投票選出該黨的總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)候選人。全國黨代表大會(huì)目前主要起到使大多數(shù)選民在各州黨內(nèi)初選表達(dá)的意愿正式化的作用。通常，獲得最多黨代表票的人將會(huì)接受該黨的總統(tǒng)提名?，F(xiàn)在的黨代表大會(huì)也是總統(tǒng)候選人介紹副手和起草政策主張的平臺。

The National Party Congress is held every four years, with party representatives from all States participating in the Congress to vote for the party's presidential and vice presidential candidates. At present, the National Party Congress mainly plays a role in formalizing the wishes expressed by the majority of voters in the primary elections of the States. Usually, the person who gets the most delegates will accept the party's presidential nomination. The current Party Congress is also a platform for presidential candidates to introduce deputies and draft policy proposals.

Neck and neck：支持率不分上下

Neck and neck

兩位候選人支持率難分高下。這個(gè)短語來自賽馬比賽，指兩匹馬齊頭并進(jìn)，很難分清楚哪一匹在前面，也可以解釋為并駕齊驅(qū)。現(xiàn)在常用于比賽及競選活動(dòng)，指競爭者支持率不分上下，很難預(yù)測誰會(huì)取勝。

The support rate of the two candidates is very high. This phrase comes from horse racing. It means that two horses go hand in hand. It's hard to tell which one is in front, or it can be interpreted as going hand in hand. Now it is often used in competitions and campaigns, which means that the support rate of competitors is not high or low, and it is difficult to predict who will win.