自語文單獨設(shè)科以來，語文教育界就不斷探索提高語文教學(xué)質(zhì)量的途徑，各種教育觀念、教學(xué)方法應(yīng)運而生，層出不窮，語文教育在某些地區(qū)、某些方面確實取得了一些喜人的成績?？墒菑恼w上講，學(xué)生的語文水平并未出現(xiàn)多大起色，碩士生、博士生寫不出一篇上檔次的文章，高中生錯別字連篇，說話前言不搭后語的現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮，更為嚴重的是語文教學(xué)中人文價值、人文底蘊的流失，正如有人指出，透過中學(xué)生的作文，我們看到的不是一張愛思考，有個性，青春稚氣的面孔，而更多的是會議桌前的官員或新聞播音員。語文教育現(xiàn)狀堪憂。因此，語文已成為有識之士口誅筆伐的重點學(xué)科，背負“誤盡蒼生”的罪名。二十年前呂叔湘先生就振聾發(fā)聵地指出語文教學(xué)存在“少、慢、差、費”等嚴重問題。如今又有孔慶東、王麗等分別主編的《審視中學(xué)語文教育》、《中國語文教育憂思錄》等書，對語文教育進行審視、憂思和猛烈的批判。
Since the independent establishment of the subject of Chinese, the Chinese education community has been exploring ways to improve the quality of Chinese teaching. Various educational concepts and teaching methods have emerged in an endless stream. Chinese education has made some gratifying achievements in some areas and aspects. However, on the whole, students' Chinese level has not improved much. Master's students and doctoral students can't write a high-level article. Senior high school students have many wrong words. It's not uncommon that the words don't match the foreword. What's more, the loss of human value and cultural heritage in Chinese teaching. As someone pointed out, what we can see through the composition of middle school students is not the same Zhang Ai's thinking, personality, youthful and childish face is more of an official or news announcer at the conference table. The present situation of Chinese education is worrying. Therefore, Chinese has become a key discipline for people of insight, bearing the charge of "mistaking all the people". Twenty years ago, Mr. Lu Shuxiang pointed out that there are some serious problems in Chinese teaching, such as "less, slow, poor and expensive". Nowadays, there are books such as "examining Chinese education in middle school" and "worrying about Chinese education" edited by Kong Qingdong and Wang Li, etc. to examine, worry about and criticize Chinese education.
提高語文教學(xué)質(zhì)量的出路何在？
How to improve the quality of Chinese teaching?
在教學(xué)中，有一些現(xiàn)象給了我們有益的啟示。有些學(xué)生與其他學(xué)生一起接受相同的教育。比如教師、教材、教法等，但是，語文水平卻非同一般。通過調(diào)查，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些學(xué)生都有很好的家庭語文學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境，諸如父母文化水平較高，或者家庭有較多的藏書等。
In teaching, there are some phenomena that give us useful enlightenment. Some students receive the same education as others. For example, teachers, teaching materials, teaching methods, etc., but the level of Chinese is not the same. Through the survey, we found that these students have a good family language learning environment, such as parents' higher education level, or the family has more books.
另外，從許多杰出人物身上，也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的現(xiàn)象。比如著名作家葉至善、王安憶、老鬼，甚至周氏三兄弟（周樹人、周作人、周建人）等，他們都有他人不可比擬的語文學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，前三位的父親或母親在語文方面都有杰出成就，他們分別是葉圣陶、茹志鵑、楊沫，同樣周氏兄弟的祖、父輩在語文方面也都有很高的造詣。
In addition, similar phenomena can be found in many outstanding figures. For example, famous writers Ye Zhishan, Wang Anyi, the old ghost, and even the three brothers of Zhou family (Zhou Shuren, Zhou Zuoren, ZHOU Jianren) all have incomparable Chinese learning environment. The first three fathers or mothers have outstanding achievements in Chinese, they are Ye Shengtao, Ru Zhijuan and Yang Mo respectively. Similarly, the ancestors and fathers of Zhou family are also very high in Chinese Attainments.
這些人從家庭中汲取了充分的語文養(yǎng)分。
These people have absorbed sufficient Chinese nutrients from their families.
還有本世紀上葉南開中學(xué)培養(yǎng)一大批才華橫溢的人才，諸如曹禺、周恩來等，深入研究一下，發(fā)現(xiàn)當時南開中學(xué)語文第二課堂搞得非常生動。
In the last century, Nankai Middle School trained a large number of talented talents, such as Cao Yu and Zhou Enlai. After in-depth study, we found that the second Chinese class of Nankai Middle School was very lively at that time.
凡此種種現(xiàn)象不能不令人把思考的視野投向更廣闊的空間，去探索、研究影響語文學(xué)習(xí)的因素，其中特別是學(xué)習(xí)主體之外的因素。
All these phenomena can't help but throw the thinking field of vision into a broader space to explore and study the factors affecting Chinese learning, especially those outside the learning subject.
學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，在國內(nèi)外，從古代到近代早已為人所注意。
Learning environment, at home and abroad, has long been noticed from ancient times to modern times.
古羅馬著名教育家昆體良在他的文章中多次提到孩子保姆語言的要求。他說：“最要緊的是，孩子的保姆應(yīng)當是說話準確的人。兒童首先聽到的是他們的聲音，首先模仿的是他們的言語?！?/p>
Kuntiriang, a famous educator in ancient Rome, mentioned many times in his articles the requirements of babysitting language. "The most important thing is that the baby sitter should be someone who speaks accurately," he said. The first thing children hear is their voice, and the first thing they imitate is their speech. "
我國古代教育家也十分重視學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的作用，在他們的論著中論述了學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境對人的影響，如墨子認為：“人性如素絲，染于蒼則蒼，染于黃則黃”；莊子認為：“嬰兒生無碩師而能方，與能方者處也”；荀子則說：“居楚而楚，居越而越，居夏而夏：是非天性也，積靡使然也?！?/p>
Ancient Chinese educators also attached great importance to the role of learning environment. In their comments, they discussed the influence of learning environment on human beings. For example, Mozi thought that "human nature is like plain silk, dyed in the sky, dyed in the yellow; Zhuangzi thought that" a baby without a master can be treated as a prescription, and it can be treated as a prescription "; Xunzi said:" living in Chu and Chu, living in Yue and Yue, living in summer and summer: neither nature nor nature It's all for the best. "
近代教育家康有為也深刻地認識到學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的重要意義。他在《大同書》里說：“嬰兒知識日開，感染不可不慎。故設(shè)院之地不可近戲院，聲伎之地，葬墳火化旁，作廠、市場、車場嘩囂之所，以慎外感之染而保清明純固之神。”
Kang Youwei, a modern educator, also realized the importance of learning environment. In the book of great harmony, he said: "the knowledge of babies is growing day by day, so we should not be careless about infection. Therefore, it is not allowed to close to the theater, the place of singing and dancing, the place beside the cremation of the grave, the place where factories, markets, and car parks are clamorous, so as to protect the pure and solid God of Qingming with care of external feelings. "
但是，真正對學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境進行系統(tǒng)研究的尚少。
However, there are few systematic researches on learning environment.
中央教科所田慧生《教學(xué)環(huán)境論》（1996年版）說到：“教學(xué)環(huán)境是近年來國際學(xué)術(shù)界頗為引人矚目的一個新興研究領(lǐng)域”、“是我國教育領(lǐng)域一塊待開的處女地”。這本書是我國教學(xué)環(huán)境研究領(lǐng)域的開山之作，正如他的導(dǎo)師李秉德先生《序》中所言：“這本書是具有開拓性的，甚至可以說是填補了這方面專門研究的一塊空白。”
"The teaching environment is a new research field that attracts the attention of the international academic community in recent years," said Tian Huisheng of the Central Institute of Education (1996 edition), "it is a virgin land to be opened in the field of education in China". This book is a pioneering work in the field of teaching environment research in China. As his tutor, Mr. Li Bingde, said in the preface, "this book is groundbreaking and even fills a gap in this field of special research."
語文教學(xué)環(huán)境方面研究論著據(jù)我所見，僅有于源泉、倪山編著的《存在與發(fā)展——語文教學(xué)生態(tài)論》，韋志成著的《語文教學(xué)情境論》等。而對語文學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境研究的論著顯得更少、或更欠缺。張孝純：“大語文教育觀”有語文學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的思想，并且“一體兩翼”的說法中也提出了“學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境”的概念，但它是相對于語文第二課堂而說的，外延較窄，不能涵蓋影響語文學(xué)習(xí)的外在因素。因此，他的理論不能稱之為是完備的語文學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境理論體系。其次，北師大張鴻苓《語文教育學(xué)》中有一章《構(gòu)建良好的語文學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境》，觀其內(nèi)容主要集中在學(xué)校課外活動。其他人也有零星提及，但都不夠完備，就不一一贅述。
As far as I can see, the research on Chinese teaching environment is only based on the "existence and development - Chinese teaching ecology theory" compiled by Yuanyuan and Ni Shan, and the "Chinese teaching situation theory" compiled by Wei Zhicheng. However, the study of Chinese learning environment is less or less. Zhang Xiaochun: the concept of "big Chinese education" has the thought of Chinese learning environment, and the concept of "learning environment" is also put forward in the statement of "one body and two wings". However, compared with the second Chinese classroom, it has a narrow extension and cannot cover the external factors that affect Chinese learning. Therefore, his theory can not be called a complete theoretical system of Chinese learning environment. Secondly, there is a chapter "building a good learning environment of Chinese" in zhanghongling's "Chinese Pedagogy" of Beijing Normal University. Others have mentioned them sporadically, but they are not complete enough, so they will not repeat them one by one.
中學(xué)以生語文學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境研究具有深遠意義，能夠開闊提高中學(xué)語文教學(xué)質(zhì)量的視野，打破往把提高語文教學(xué)質(zhì)量的途徑僅僅局限在課堂教學(xué)研究的狹隘意識，使語文學(xué)習(xí)生活化，強化學(xué)生的主體意識，培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)語文的習(xí)慣、興趣和對美的追求，提高語文運用的能力。
The research on the learning environment of Chinese for middle school students is of far-reaching significance, which can broaden the vision of improving the quality of Chinese teaching in middle school, break the narrow sense that the way to improve the quality of Chinese teaching is only limited to classroom teaching research, make Chinese learning life oriented, strengthen students' subject consciousness, cultivate the habit, interest and pursuit of beauty of learning Chinese, and improve the ability of using Chinese 。
