《出師表》有言曰：“親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也?！?/p>

"Out of the teacher table" has said: "Pro Xian Chen, far villain, this first Han so prosperous also; Pro villain, far Xian Chen, henceforth Han so decadent also."

這一親一疏，導(dǎo)致“成敗異變，功業(yè)相反?！边@又是什么原因呢？

This close relationship leads to "different success or failure, opposite achievements." What's the reason?

在我看來，勿以親疏論事非。

In my opinion, don't talk about affairs with intimacy.

縱觀一部卷帙浩繁的中華史，其中王朝更替、治亂相續(xù)往往能使人掩卷沉思。作為擁有至高無上權(quán)力的君主，百姓們的生殺予奪之大權(quán)，也毫無疑問地掌握在其手中，真可謂：“君主一跬步，皆關(guān)民命?！本褪沁@樣，我們往往能看見一些小人，他們溜須拍馬，阿諛奉承，曲意逢迎，把君主們的每一個(gè)毛孔無不弄得舒坦至極。于是這些人深得君主之“親”，甚至獨(dú)攬大權(quán)，破壞朝綱，明末的魏忠賢專權(quán)不就是明證嗎？而賢明的君主求賢若渴，對(duì)人才親之信之，恰恰是因?yàn)槊魇欠?，懂事理，才知孰親孰黜之分。

Throughout a voluminous history of China, the replacement of dynasties and the continuation of chaos often make people think deeply. As a monarch with supreme power, the people's power of life and death is undoubtedly in their hands. It can be said that "every step of a monarch's life is related to the people's life." In this way, we can often see some villains, who flatter, flatter and flatter, making every pore of the monarchs very comfortable. Therefore, these people are deeply "close" to the monarch, and even monopolize the power to destroy the court. Isn't the dictatorship of Wei Zhongxian at the end of Ming Dynasty a clear proof? But the wise monarch is eager to be virtuous, and he believes in the talents' relatives precisely because he knows the right and wrong, understands the reason, and knows who is the relative and who is the dethroner.

在人類社會(huì)中，自“大道既隱，各親其親子其子”以來，親情就成為了維系這個(gè)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)固的牢不可破的精神紐帶，人們往往認(rèn)為親人們總是對(duì)自己好，因而他們總是對(duì)的，沒有錯(cuò)的，而對(duì)于旁人，難免存著此疆彼界之心，所謂“人心隔肚皮”，難免對(duì)別人有著成見，故事中的富人即此類典型人物，而有兩位人物的行為卻值得我們的贊嘆。

In the human society, since "the road is hidden, each parent and son and son" has become an unbreakable spiritual link to maintain the stability of this society. People often think that relatives are always good to themselves, so they are always right and right, and for the people around them, there is inevitably a heart between the border, the so-called "heart separated from the belly", which is inevitable to have success for others See, the rich in the story are such typical characters, and the behavior of two characters deserves our admiration.

羊子的“內(nèi)舉不避親，外舉不避仇”。想必大家是耳熟能詳了，不以親疏好惡來定是非，而是唯賢是舉，誠(chéng)可貴矣。

Yang Zi's "internal lift does not avoid relatives, external lift does not avoid enemies.". I think we are familiar with each other. We don't judge right or wrong by the likes and dislikes of our relatives, but only by virtue. It's really valuable.

另一位是中國(guó)革命的先驅(qū)者孫中山先生，他在廣大的人民群眾著享有崇高的威望，在擔(dān)任了南京臨時(shí)政府大總統(tǒng)之后，權(quán)力可謂達(dá)到了政治生涯的頂峰。各界人士一致推舉孫中山的哥哥孫眉擔(dān)任廣東的督都，當(dāng)此之時(shí)，孫中山先生只需微微首肯，便定能保證自己的哥哥飛黃騰達(dá)，然而這位偉人沒有這樣做，他只是婉言地謝絕了，說：“我哥哥才力有限，不堪擔(dān)此重任?！比绱烁唢L(fēng)亮節(jié)怎能不讓人仰慕不已。

The other is Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the pioneer of the Chinese revolution. He enjoys high prestige among the masses of the people. After he became the president of Nanjing interim government, his power reached the peak of his political career. People from all walks of life unanimously recommended sun Mei, Sun Yat-sen's elder brother, as the governor of Guangdong Province. At that time, Sun Yat-sen would surely guarantee his elder brother's prosperity with only a little approval. However, the great man didn't do so. He just declined politely and said, "my elder brother has limited ability and can't bear the heavy task." How can we not be so admirable.

勿以親疏定是非就意味著拋棄小我，一己之私利，來成全大我，尋求真理；勿以親疏定是非就意味著克制感悟，注重理性，讓理性之光熠熠生輝！勿以親疏定是非其實(shí)就意味著一種廣博的愛！

Don't set right and wrong by intimacy means abandoning the ego and self-interest to complete the ego and seek truth; don't set right and wrong by intimacy means restraining perception, paying attention to reason and making the light of reason shine! Don't set right and wrong by intimacy, which means a kind of broad love!

評(píng)點(diǎn)：這是一篇頗見“功力”的文章。作者先由《出師表》引出自己的觀點(diǎn)：“勿以親疏定是非”，然后從正反兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論證，最后歸結(jié)文章，遵循的是一般議論文的套路，并沒有別出心裁出奇制勝之處。但作者在論述自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，從古今文史資料中引用材料，頗有順手拈來左右逢源之感，顯示出作者比較扎實(shí)的文史功底，這靠的是平日的積累和功夫，不是“靈機(jī)一動(dòng)”所能達(dá)到的。這是讀書作文的正路，也是值得充分肯定的。但作者在引用“詩(shī)文”時(shí)，有些文句，文氣還不夠貫通，可在行文技巧上下些功夫。

Comment: This is an article with a lot of "skill". The author first draws out his own point of view from the teacher's list: "don't judge right and wrong by intimacy", and then demonstrates it from both positive and negative aspects. Finally, the author sums up the article and follows the pattern of general argumentative papers. There is no originality. However, when discussing his own views, the author quoted materials from the ancient and modern literature and history materials, which showed that the author had a good command of literature and history, which depended on his daily accumulation and Kung Fu, but not on the ability of "brainstorming". This is the right way to read and write, and it is also worthy of full affirmation. However, when quoting "poetry and prose", the author has some sentences and styles that are not enough, so he can make some efforts in writing skills.

（湖南師大文學(xué)院教授陳果安點(diǎn)評(píng)）

(comments by Chen Guoan, Professor of Arts College, Hunan Normal University)