【導語】生活中，我們每天都在嘗試中，我們走向成功，品味失敗，走過心靈的陰雨晴空。運動員們，不要放棄嘗試，無論失敗與否，重要的是你勇于參與的精神，付出的背后是勝利。無論是否成功，我們永遠贊美你，你們永遠是我們的驕傲。以下我

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：房價問題

　　中國房價問題近年來一直是社會熱門話題。大中型城市房價一直居高不下且呈逐漸上漲的趨勢。有的年輕人根本買不起房，有的則成為了房奴(mortgage slaves)。房奴是近幾年出現(xiàn)的社會流行詞。顧名思義，房奴的意思是房屋的奴隸。這些人為買房而向銀行借貸款，然后用一生的精力來償還。據(jù)某房地產(chǎn)網(wǎng)站的調(diào)查，中國約32%的人月供占到了收入的50%以上，成為了名副其實的房奴。他們在享受有房的心理安慰的同時，也承受著巨大的精神壓力，生活質(zhì)量大為下降。

　　參考譯文：

　　Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high,with the trend of further going up.Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves.Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests,house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses.These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts.According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment,so they indeed became slaves of the house.While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses,they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly.

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：經(jīng)濟全球化

　　經(jīng)濟全球化(Economic globalization)必然帶來文化產(chǎn)品和服務的全球化。我國對外開放的進一步擴大，既為我們學習借鑒世界優(yōu)秀文化成果，推動我國文化走向世界提供了有利條件，也使我國文化面臨激烈的國際競爭。從目前的情況看，我國的文化體制還不能完全適應經(jīng)濟全球化的新形勢，我國深厚的文化底蘊和豐富的文化資源還沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為國際影響力和競爭力。

　　如果不加快發(fā)展，形成我們自己的文化優(yōu)勢，就難以在激烈的國際文化競爭中站穩(wěn)腳跟。

　　參考譯文：

　　Economic globalization will inevitably bring about the globalization of cultural products and services.Further expansion of China's opening up provides favorable conditions for us to learn from the world's outstanding cultural achievements,and promote our culture to the world; at the same time, it puts high pressure of competition on our culture. Based on the current situation,China's cultural system still doesn't fully adapt to the new situation of economic globalization.Efforts are needed to transform China's rich cultural heritage and rich cultural resources into international influence and competitiveness.If we do not speed up development and build up our own cultural superiority,it is difficult to gain a firm foothold in the highly competitive international culture.

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：銀發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)

　　“銀發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)”是一個新名詞，是指以老年人為目標客戶的產(chǎn)業(yè)。其范圍十分廣泛，包括健康服務、家政服務、旅游娛樂和教育等各個領(lǐng)域。隨著中國進入老齡化社會，銀發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。老年人出游人數(shù)逐年增長。越來越多的老年人選擇在退休后進入老年大學學習。相關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明，全國60歲以上的老人超過了總?cè)丝诘?1%。目前，“銀發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)”市場需求達到8000億元左右，產(chǎn)業(yè)還有很大的發(fā)展空間。

　　參考譯文：

　　Silver industry is a new term referring to the industry targeted at senior citizens.It covers a wide range of fields,including health service,home service,tourism and entertainment,education and so on.With China stepping into the aging society,the silver industry gets prosperous.More and more elderly people go travelling every year and choose to study in the universities for senior citizens after they retire.Related statistics show that the number of senior citizens aged more than 60 accounts for 11-odd percent of the population in China.At present,the market demand of the silver industry stands at about 800 billion RMB,giving great room for the industry to develop.

　　重點詞匯：

　　銀發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè) silver industry

　　新名詞 new term

　　老年人 senior citizen/the elderly/the aged

　　健康服務 health service

　　家政服務 home service

　　旅游娛樂 tourism and entertainment

　　老齡化社會 aging society

　　蓬勃發(fā)展 get prosperous

　　老年大學 university for senior citizens

　　相關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù) related statistics

　　市場需求 market demand

　　發(fā)展空間 room to develop

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：中國朝代

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　中國有4000多年的歷史，是世界最古老的文明之一。從公元前21世紀的夏朝開始至清朝結(jié)束，中國歷經(jīng)歷過幾十個朝代的變更。每個朝代在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、科技領(lǐng)域等都有獨特的成就。漢朝是當時世界上最先進的帝國。”漢族“(the Han Nationality)這一名稱就得名于漢朝。唐朝因統(tǒng)一時間長、國力強盛而被國人銘記，因此在海外的中國人自稱為“唐人”(Tang people)。宋朝和明朝是經(jīng)濟、文化、教育與科學高度繁榮的時代。但朝代的更替一般會導致連年戰(zhàn)爭，給人民大眾帶來了難以言表的痛苦。

　　參考翻譯:

　　With a history of more than 4,000 years,China is one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world.From Xia Dynasty in the 21st century BC to Qing Dynasty,China experienced dozens of dynasties in history.Each dynasty achieved unique accomplishments in the fields of politics, economy,culture,science and technology,etc.Han Dynasty was the most advanced empire at that time,which contributes to the formation of the name "the Han Nationality' Tang Dynasty impressed Chinese for its long time unification and powerful national strength,because of which overseas Chinese call themselves "Tang people" abroad.Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty were periods when economy,culture,education and science were highly prosperous.But the change from one dynasty to another usually led to long-lasting wars,which brought unspeakable suffering for the masses.

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：中國地理

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　中國位于亞洲東部、太平洋的西岸，總面積約960萬平方公里，是世界第三大國家。中國南北相距約5500公里，東西相距約5200公里，在地圖上的形狀像一只雄雞(rooster)。中國地勢(terrain)西高東低，地形多種多樣，包括山地、高原(plateau)、丘陵(foothill)、盆地、平原。中國山地面積廣大，幾乎占陸地面積的三分之二，蘊藏著豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。中國大陸海岸線長達18000公里，沿海島嶼數(shù)量眾多，臺灣島是島嶼。中國有許多河流湖泊，是中國地理環(huán)境的重要組成部分。

　　參考翻譯:

　　Situated in eastern Asia, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, China is the world's third largest country with a total area of 9.6 million square kilometers. Extending about 5,500 kilometers from north to south and 5,200 kilometers from west to east, the shape of China on the map is like a rooster. Its terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east with great varieties, including mountains, plateaus, foothills, basins and plains. China's mountainous areas, broad and vast, occupy nearly two-thirds of the land area and have abundant mineral resources. Chinese mainland has a coastline of 18,000 kilometers and a large number of offshore islands, with Taiwan Island the biggest one. There are numerous rivers and lakes in China, which make up an important part of China's geographical environment.

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：甲骨文

　　甲骨文(oracle bone script)是中國現(xiàn)存最早的文宇。這些刻在龜甲(tortoise shell)或獸骨上的文字已相當成熟。沒認識甲骨文之前，人們都把這些甲骨當作藥材。清代(the QingDynasty)學者王懿榮偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些龜甲和獸骨。在仔細研究之后，他認為這些刻在甲骨上的符號是3000多年前商代(the Shang Dynasty)的文字。從這些文字中可以大致了解商代統(tǒng)治者的日常生活情況。甲骨文為研究漢字起源提供了重要的資料。

　　參考譯文：

　　The oracle bone script is the earliest existingcharacters in China. These characters carved ontortoise shells or animal bones are quite mature.Before recognizing the oracle bone script, peopleregarded the shells and bones as medical materials.Accidentally, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, WangYirong, discovered these tortoise shells and animal bones. After careful study, he believed thatthese signs were the characters of the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. From thesecharacters, people can roughly understand the daily life of the rulers at that time. The oraclebone script provides important materials for research into the origin of Chinese characters.

　　1.第1句中的“現(xiàn)存最早的文字”是兩個形容詞修飾一個中心詞，其中一個為級。在英語中，當比較級和級形容詞與其他形容詞連用時，比較級和級形容詞放在其他形容詞之前。故此處譯為the earliest existing characters。

　　2.在第2句中，定語“刻在龜甲或獸骨上的”較長，可將其處理成后置定語，用過去分詞短語carve on tortoise shells or animal bones 來表達，表被動。

　　3.倒數(shù)第2句“從這些文宇……”為無主語句，在翻譯時需補充其主語，此處應增譯“人們”，表達為From these characters, people can...。

　　4.在翻譯最后一句的“為研究漢字起源提供了重要的資料”時，可以用provide... for...(為……提供……)來表達，譯作 provide important materials for research into the origin of Chinese characters，也可譯作provide important materials for researching on the origin...。

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：貴州茅臺

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　茅臺酒(Moutai)同蘇格蘭威士忌和法國白蘭地(cognac)并稱為“世界三大名酒”。它產(chǎn)生于距今2000多年前的漢代。1915年，茅臺酒在巴拿馬萬國博覽會上被評為金獎產(chǎn)品，從此揚名世界。茅臺酒除了滿足國內(nèi)需求外，還遠銷世界許多國家。茅臺酒以色清透明、人口柔綿、清冽甘爽、回香持久等特點而名揚天下。茅臺酒是利用茅臺鎮(zhèn)獨特的氣候、優(yōu)良的水質(zhì)和適宜的土壤，采用與眾不同的釀酒工藝(brewingtechniques),再經(jīng)過一系列復雜的工序釀制而成。如今，茅臺被中國人稱為“國酒”。

　　參考翻譯:

　　Chinese Moutai, Scotch whiskey and French brandyare known as “the world's three famous wine”. Itoriginated in the Han Dynasty which was over 2,000years from now. In 1915 Panama World Exposition,Moutai was awarded Gold Medal and it has becomefamous worldwide ever since. Besides meeting the domestic demands, Moutai is also exportedto many countries in the world. Moutai is famous for the features like being clear andtransparent in color, being smooth, fresh and cool in taste and its long-lasting fragrance.Taking advantage of the unique climate, excellent water quality and suitable soil in MaotaiTown, people brew Moutai wine by using distinctive brewing techniques and a series ofcomplicated procedures. Now, Moutai is called the national wine in China.

　　1.稱為：即“被稱為”，可譯為be known as。

　　2.從此揚名世界：其中“從此”可用ever since表達，故譯為has become famous worldwide ever since。

　　3.遠銷：即“出口”，可譯為be exported to。

　　4.入口柔綿、清冽甘爽：可譯為being smooth，freshand cool in taste。

　　5.回香持久：即“保持長久的香味”，可譯為long-lastingfragrance。

　　6.利用茅臺鎮(zhèn)獨特的氣候：文中譯為taking advantage of the unique climate...

　　7.優(yōu)良的水質(zhì)和適宜的土壤：可譯為excellent water quality and suitable soil。

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：四大名著

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　中國的四大名著(the Four Great Classical Novels)指創(chuàng)作于明清時期的四部最偉大、最有影響力的小說。閱讀四大名著，可以了解中國傳統(tǒng)的社會、歷史、地理、民俗和處世哲學。大多數(shù)的中國人對這四部小說中的人物、情節(jié)和場景都很熟悉。它們已經(jīng)深深地影響了中國人的思想(mentality)、觀念和價值觀?，F(xiàn)在，四部小說都已被改編成電影或電視劇(TV series)，受到很多觀眾的喜愛。四大名著都具有很高的藝術(shù)水平，是中華民族的寶貴遺產(chǎn)，在中國文學也是一大創(chuàng)舉。

　　參考翻譯:

　　The Four Great Classical Novels of China refer to the four greatest and most influential novels written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Reading them can acquaint people with traditional Chinese society, history, geography, folk customs and philosophy of life. Most Chinese are pretty familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. They have profoundly influenced the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people. Nowadays, the four novels have already been adapted into movies or TV series, favored by lots of audiences. Being high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritages of Chinese nation and pioneering works in the history of Chinese literature.

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：和平

　　自古以來，和平就是人類最持久的夙愿。和平像陽光一樣溫暖、像雨露一樣滋潤。有了陽光雨露，萬物才能茁壯成長。有了和平穩(wěn)定，人類才能更好實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。歷史告訴我們，和平是需要爭取的，和平是需要維護的。只有人人都珍惜和平、維護和平，只有人人都記取戰(zhàn)爭的慘痛教訓，和平才是有希望的。歷史是的老師，它忠實記錄下每一個國家走過的足跡，也給每一個國家未來的發(fā)展提供啟示。中國人歷來講求“己所不欲，勿施于人”。中國需要和平，就像人需要空氣一樣，就像萬物生長需要陽光一樣。

　　參考譯文：

　　Since time immemorial,peace has been people’s most enduring aspiration.Peace is as warm as sunshine and as moist as rain and dew with which all things on earth could thrive.Only with peace and stability can human beings realize their dreams better.Historical experience tells us that peace need to be striven for safeguarded.Peace can be hopeful only when everyone cherish and maintain it and always remember painful lessons of the war.History is the best teacher who keeps a fair of the paths that all countries have traveled and provided enlightenment for their future development.Chinese people are particular about “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you” all long.Peace is to China what air is to people as well as sunshine is to all things growing.

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：雜技

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　雜技(acrobatics)是展現(xiàn)高超的平衡技巧和動作協(xié)調(diào)能力的表演。雜技常和廣 泛使用體操技能的活動相聯(lián)系，比如馬戲(circus)、體操，但許多其他運動，如武術(shù)、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用雜技元素。吳橋是中國眾所周知的雜技之鄉(xiāng)。據(jù)說吳橋的所有居民，從學步孩童到白發(fā)老人，都多少會點雜技。年輕人在工作間隙練習雜技。許多家庭都有獨特的技藝代代相傳。中國乃至世界都有很多來自吳橋的雜技演員。中國雜技界有句話叫做:沒有吳橋人不成雜技班。

　　參考譯文:

　　Acrobatics is the performance that shows excellent skills of balance and action coordination.Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensiye use of gymnastic skills,such as circus and gymnastics,but many other activities，such as wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of acrobatics.Wuqiao is well known as the hometown of acrobatics in China.It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids learning to walk to the old with grey some acrobatics.Young people practice the art during the breaks from work.Many families have their unique skills handed down through generations.There are acrobats from Wuqiao Aroughout China,even the world.As a Chinese acrobatics field,if you don't have an acrobat from Wuqiao, you can't have an acrobatics troupe.

　　1.高超的平衡技巧和動作協(xié)調(diào)能力:可譯為 excellent skillsof balance and action coordination。

　　2.和廣泛使用體操技能的活動相聯(lián)系:“廣泛使用體操技能的活動”可譯為 activities that make extensive use ofgymnastic skills;和…相聯(lián)系可譯為be associated with。

　　3.馬戲、體操:可譯為circus and gymnastics。

　　4.從學步孩童到白發(fā)老人:可譯為from kids learning to walk to the old grey hair

　　5.代代相傳:可譯為be handed down through generations。

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：長江三峽

　　考博英語翻譯題型多為漢譯英，各博士招生院校大多都有此題型，考博英語復習初期階段新東方在線考博頻道為考博生們整理了一些考博英語翻譯練習，供大家平日復習。

　　三峽，是萬里長江一段風景壯麗的大峽谷，為中國十大風景名勝之一。它西起四川省奉節(jié)縣的白帝城，向東延伸至湖北省宜昌市的南津關(guān)，由瞿塘峽、巫峽、西陵峽組成，全長192公里。長江三峽，無限風光。瞿塘峽的雄偉，巫峽的秀麗，西陵峽的險峻，還有三段峽谷的大寧河、香溪、神農(nóng)溪的古樸，并伴隨著許多美麗的神話和動人的傳說，令人心馳神往。

　　譯文參考：

　　The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the most splendid landscape on the Yangtze (Changjiang) River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China. It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County, Sichuan Province, to Nanjin Pass in Yichang, Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge, with a full length of 192 kilometers. The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge, the elegance of Wu Gorge, the perilousness of Xiling Gorge as well as the primitive simplicity of Daning, Xiang and Shennong Rivers. And what’s more, each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.

　　三峽 the Yangtze River’s Three Gorges

　　壯麗 splendid

　　延伸 extend

　　白帝城 White King Town

　　由…組成 consist of

　　瞿塘峽 Qutang Gorge

　　巫峽 Wu Gorge

　　西陵峽 Xiling Gorge

　　險峻 perilousness

　　古樸 primitive simplicity

　　神話 fairy tale

　　動人的 moving

　　2018考博英語翻譯練習：《紅樓夢》

　　考博英語翻譯題型多為漢譯英，各博士招生院校大多都有此題型，考博英語復習初期階段新東方在線考博頻道為考博生們整理了一些考博英語翻譯練習，供大家平日復習。

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　《紅樓夢》問世二百年以來,通過漢文原文和各種譯文讀過此書的人,不知有多少億!這么多的讀者哪一個是先看批評家的文章,然而再讓批評家牽著鼻子走,按圖索驥地去讀原作呢?我看是的。一切文學作品,特別是象《紅樓夢》這樣偉大的作品,內(nèi)容異常地豐富,涉及到的社會層面異常地多,簡直象是一個寶山，一座迷宮。而讀者群就更加復雜，他們來讀《紅樓夢》，會各就自己的特點，欣賞該書中的某一個方面，受到鼓舞，受到啟發(fā)，引起了喜愛;也可能受到打擊，引起了憎惡?？傊乔Р钊f別。

　　參考翻譯

　　Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago,hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people,how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works,especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions,are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated,differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality.They may feel inspired and enlightened,and hence love it, or they may feel hurt,and hence loathe it.In short,the reactions vary.