托福聽力常見題型解題思路講解：重聽題和判斷題

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今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃ΤＲ婎}型解題思路講解：推理題和預(yù)測題，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力常見題型解題思路講解：推理題和預(yù)測題

推理題

托福聽力推理題是讓考生根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理從而選出答案的題型。常見的提問方式包括：

What does the woman imply about the new medical research?

What can we infer from the professor’s comment on the New England system?

在做題時，考生首先需要仔細(xì)讀清楚選項。因為推理題的答案一般不會在錄音材料中給出，而是需要考生對材料內(nèi)容進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步引申，得出更深層次的內(nèi)容。所以，考生往往只有在讀完選項之后才能知道答案對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。同時，推理題雖然考查的是錄音材料的細(xì)節(jié)之處，但是其考查內(nèi)容還是圍繞著全文主題展開的。因此在做題時，考生如果實在不知道選哪一個，那么就可以去選和全文主題最接近的選項，這樣的選項大多數(shù)都是正確的。

預(yù)測題

預(yù)測題是對長對話或講座結(jié)束后將會發(fā)生何種事情的猜測的考查。這種目有一個鮮明特征，就是在題干中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)will這個表示將來時態(tài)的助動詞。預(yù)測題常見的提問方式有以下幾種：

What will the man do after the conversation?

What will the student include in his assignment?

What kind of assignment will the professor give?

考生在解答預(yù)測題時首先要注意，預(yù)測題有一個十分常見的情況，就是它的答案一般都出現(xiàn)在一篇錄音材料的結(jié)尾。同時，預(yù)測題的答案在出現(xiàn)時一般都是由講話人使用一個提出建議的句子來給出。因此，考生只要在文章結(jié)尾聽到提出建議的句子，一定要將其中所提出的建議記下來，這往往就是預(yù)測題的答案。表示建議的常見句型：How about…/What about…/Why not…/Why don’t you…/Would you mind…/Would you please…/I have a suggestion for you./You need to…/You should…/You’d better…

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：膝關(guān)節(jié)響聲或為患者康復(fù)提供幫助

The sound of a cracking knee isn't particularly pleasant.

But it gets worse when you listen up close.

"It does for most people. But for me, it just makes me excited."

Omer Inan, an electrical engineer at Georgia Tech.

"I actually feel like there's some real information in them that can be exploited for the purposes of helping people with rehab."

Inan's experience with cracking knees goes back to his days as an undergrad at Stanford, where he threw discus.

"If I had a really hard workout, then the next day of course I'd be sore, but I'd also sometimes feel this catching or popping or creaking every now and then in my knee."

A few years later, he found himself building tiny microphones at a high-end audio company.

So when he got to Georgia Tech and heard the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, wanted better tech for knee injuries, he thought:

Why not strap tiny microphones to people's knees, to eavesdrop as their legs bend? "

What we think it is, is the cartilage and bone rubbing against each other, the surfaces inside the knee rubbing against each other, during the movements."

He and a team of physiologists and engineers built a prototype with stretchy athletic tape and a few tiny Mics and skin sensors.

And preliminary tests on athletes suggest the squishy sounds the device picks up are more erratic, and more irregular, in an injured knee than in a healthy one.

Which Inan says might allow patients and doctors to track healing after surgery.

Details appear in the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

"The primary application we're targeting at first is to give people a decision aid during rehabilitation, following an acute knee injury, to help them understand when they can perform particular activities, and when they can move to different intensities of particular activities."

A useful thing to take a crack at.

膝蓋裂開的聲音肯定不是令人特別愉悅。

但是你靠近聽時，聲音就會更刺耳。

“很多人都是這樣的感覺，但對我而言，這種聲音只會讓我更為興奮?！?/p>

佐治亞州理工學(xué)院的一名電氣工程師奧默爾?伊恩楠說道。

“實際上我認(rèn)為這些聲音中包含的一些的信息可以為患者所用并且有助于他們康復(fù)?！?/p>

伊恩楠的膝蓋創(chuàng)傷經(jīng)歷要追溯到他在斯坦福大學(xué)的學(xué)生時代，他就是在那里開始討論這項實驗。

“我要是刻苦進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，第二天膝蓋就會非常痛，但有時我也會感覺膝蓋發(fā)出咯吱咯吱的聲響。

而幾年后他在一家高端音頻公司制造了微型麥克風(fēng)。

因此當(dāng)伊恩楠來到佐治亞州理工學(xué)院并聽說到DARPA，即美國國防部高級研究計劃局的這項工程后，他希望能研發(fā)更先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來治療膝傷，于是他想:

“為什么不把微型麥克風(fēng)植入人體膝蓋記錄下膝蓋彎曲發(fā)出的聲音呢?”

我們認(rèn)為發(fā)出聲音是因為軟骨和骨頭相互摩擦所致，而運動的過程中，膝蓋內(nèi)部這兩者的表面會相互摩擦。

他和他的生物學(xué)家及工程師小組用彈性透氣膠帶、一些微型麥克風(fēng)及皮膚傳感器建立了一個原型。

而對運動員的初步測試表明，同健康膝蓋相比，受傷膝蓋中所偵測到的聲音更加不穩(wěn)定，也更無規(guī)律可循。

伊恩楠表示這項技術(shù)可能會讓病人及醫(yī)生手在術(shù)后進(jìn)行追蹤治療。

這項研究已在《IEEE生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程》雜志上發(fā)表。

“我們進(jìn)行這個項目的主要目標(biāo)人群是患者的膝蓋受到嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷后，首先要讓他們知道，在康復(fù)期間何時可以進(jìn)行特殊活動及何時可以增加強(qiáng)度。

這種追蹤會非常有用。

1.listen up 聽好了

例句:All right! I need everybody to listen up!

好了!大家都聽好了!

2.each other 互相，彼此

例句:They support each other in their work.

他們在工作中互相支持。

3.move to 移動到

例句:It may also be a good move to suggest she talks things over.

建議她把事情談開了也許是不錯的做法。

4.appear in 出現(xiàn)在

例句:New programmes will appear in the fall on television.

秋季將有新節(jié)目在電視上出現(xiàn)。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：改善室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量的綠色方案

Air pollution outside is easy to spot, hanging over the city, or sputtering from a tailpipe. But there's lot of indoor air pollution, too, even if it's not as obvious. It's caused by volatile organic compounds, or VOCs.

"They can come from building materials like paints, carpet, adhesives, vinyl floors, varnishes, solvents, etc." Vadoud Niri, an analytical chemist at the State University of New York, Oswego. "And also they can come from home and personal care products, cleaning chemicals, air freshener, cosmetics."

And that cosmetics part... is what caught Niri's attention. "One day when I went to a nail salon with my wife, I noticed the smell of, specifically, acetone in there. And since I was doing air analysis at that time, I thought maybe we can do something about this." Acetone can irritate your eyes, skin, nose and throat and at high concentrations can cause nausea, headaches and other nervous system problems.

Niri figured one way to get rid of acetone might be with houseplants. So he reviewed decades of literature in the field of plants as environmental cleanup agents—which is called biofiltration or phytoremediation. He then ran his own experiment, using an airtight chamber, eight VOCs, in concentrations similar to those found in nail salons, and five common houseplants: a jade plant, a spider plant, a bromeliad, a Caribbean tree cactus, and what's known as a Dracaena plant.

Turns out, after a twelve-hour test, it was the bromeliad that scrubbed the most chemicals from the air. But as for his original quest, removing acetone from nail salons? The Dracaena beat out the others, sucking up 94 percent of the offensive compound. He presented the results at a meeting of the American Chemical Society, in Philadelphia.

Niri hasn't worked out all the details on the nail salon solution yet—that's next. But for a house or apartment, he says, "use a variety of plants to make sure you take all types of VOCs from your indoor air." Plus, they're an energy-free alternative to other air cleaning devices. In other words, a truly green solution.

室外空氣污染很容易看出來，污染物懸浮在城市上方，或者從排氣管濺射出來。但是，雖然并不明顯，但是室內(nèi)也存在大量的空氣污染。室內(nèi)空氣污染的源頭是揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物(簡稱為VOCs)。

“它們可能來自油漆、地毯、粘合劑、地板革、清漆、溶劑等等建筑材料?！蓖叨诺隆つ崂锸羌~約州立大學(xué)奧斯威戈分校的分析化學(xué)師?！八鼈円部赡軄碜约揖雍蛡€人保健產(chǎn)品、清潔劑、空氣清新劑、化妝品?！?/p>

這其中，化妝品中的揮發(fā)物質(zhì)吸引了尼里的注意力?！坝幸惶?，我和妻子一起去美甲沙龍，在那里我聞到了丙酮的味道。因為當(dāng)時我正在進(jìn)行空氣分析，所以我想或許我們可以做這方面的研究?！北梢源碳と说难劬?、皮膚、鼻子還有咽喉，高濃度的丙酮可以引發(fā)惡心、頭痛以及其他神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)問題。

尼里發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)盆栽植物可以去除丙酮。所以，他瀏覽了數(shù)十年來有關(guān)植物凈化空氣的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，這種方法被稱為生物過濾或植物修復(fù)。然后，尼里自己進(jìn)行了實驗測試，他在一個密封的房間里放了8種揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物，其濃度與指甲沙龍內(nèi)的濃度相似，另外他還放了5種常見的室內(nèi)盆栽植物：一盆玉植物、一盆吊蘭、一盆鳳梨、一盆加勒比仙人掌和一盆龍血樹屬植物。

十二個小時的測試結(jié)果表明，鳳梨最能吸收空氣中的有毒氣體。但是，至于最初的疑問，去除美甲沙龍里的丙酮?在這個問題上，龍血樹是最厲害的，它吸收了94%的有害物質(zhì)。尼里在費城舉行的美國化學(xué)學(xué)會上發(fā)表了自己的研究結(jié)果。

尼里并沒有完全解決美甲沙龍的問題。但是尼里表示，對于房屋或者公寓來說，“可以用多種植物來吸收室內(nèi)空氣中的各種揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物?！倍遥@種方法是可以替代其他空氣清潔設(shè)備的零能源方法。換言之，這是真正的綠色解決方案。

重點講解：

1. get rid of 擺脫;甩掉;趕走;

例句：We have to get rid of the mud and dirt on the road.

我們必須把路上的爛泥和臟物除去。

2. beat out 打敗;擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝;

例句：Indianapolis beat out nearly 100 other cities as the site for a huge United Airlines maintenance center.

印第安納波利斯從近百座城市中勝出，成為美國聯(lián)合航空公司大型維護(hù)中心所在地。

3. work out 想出，得到(解決方法);解(謎);

例句：She finds it difficult to work out the problem.

她發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這問題有困難。