掌握好固定題型的解題思路，能夠幫助大家更有效率地進(jìn)行解答。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福聽(tīng)力常見(jiàn)題型解題思路講解，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福聽(tīng)力常見(jiàn)題型解題思路講解：重聽(tīng)題和判斷題

重聽(tīng)題

重聽(tīng)題是托福聽(tīng)力題目中一種非常特殊的題型。在這種題目中，講述人會(huì)把錄音材料中的一小部分內(nèi)容重新讀一遍，然后讓考生根據(jù)這段重新聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容找出符合要求的選項(xiàng)。在考試中，每道重聽(tīng)題中都會(huì)給出一個(gè)耳機(jī)的圖標(biāo)。其常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式為：

Listen again to part of the lecture, then answer the question.

What does the professor mean when she says this?

重聽(tīng)題的解題思路比較多樣化。有些題目考查所重復(fù)段落的含義，有些題目考查段落中某個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的含義?？忌鶕?jù)自己所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，辨別出題人想考查的到底是哪方面的內(nèi)容。另外，有些重聽(tīng)題中雖然重復(fù)了一部分文章內(nèi)容，但是必須結(jié)合重復(fù)的內(nèi)容在錄音材料中的上下文去推理才能得出答案。所以考試在做題時(shí)要保持清醒的頭腦，如果發(fā)觀從重復(fù)的內(nèi)容中找不到答案，就要立刻回憶，從上下文中去尋找正確答案。

是非判斷題

是非判斷題也是托?？荚嚫母锖蟪霈F(xiàn)的較為新穎的題型，一般是列出很多與錄音材料中所提及的內(nèi)容較為相似的句子，讓考生辨別究竟哪些是錄音材料中提到的。以下例題是其常見(jiàn)的出題方式：

The professor discusses how an animal becomes a fossil after its death. Indicate whether each sentence below is a step in the process.

YES/NO

The animal dies.

The hard tissues decompose.

The soft tissues decompose.

The hard tissues remain.

是非判斷題多數(shù)情況下與細(xì)節(jié)題考查的內(nèi)容有類似之處，需要考生多關(guān)注錄音材料中的細(xì)節(jié)之處。是非判斷題的YES和NO的答案?jìng)€(gè)數(shù)并不是平均分配的，但一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)所有答案全是YES或者NO的情況，考生可以利用這一點(diǎn)，在做題時(shí)判斷自己的選項(xiàng)是否選得合適。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：能?chē)娚浼淄榈纳?/strong>

The first life on Earth appeared about four billion years ago. One place these pioneering organisms may have emerged is at hydrothermal vents, deep underwater. Where unusual chemistry provided energy for primitive life-forms to survive. Life-forms like the methane-belching microbes found at the vents today.

Now, for the first time, researchers have found evidence of methane-producing life in similarly extreme conditions, but at the surface of the Earth — at a spring in northern California, called The Cedars. The water there is extremely basic — with a pH of 11.6. And it contains no oxygen. Not an easy place to survive.

Researchers tested water and sediment at the Cedars. Some samples got dosed with mercuric chloride to kill any life present. Those dosed samples produced no methane. But the samples in which microbes were allowed to survive did put out methane. Confirming that at least some of the methane at the springs is indeed biological in origin. The findings appear in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences.

The finding has implications for climate change alleviation. A geologically similar spring in Oman has been proposed as a site for carbon storage—pumping CO2 underground, where it gets incorporated in stone. But the extremophiles at The Cedars can use CO2 to make methane—an even more potent greenhouse gas. "So imagine pumping CO2 into the ground and having it come back up as methane." Penny Morrill, a biogeochemist at Memorial University of Newfoundland. "This will not necessarily happen, but it is something to be tested for before fully implementing a carbon capture and storage technology at one of these types of sites."

Morrill says the study's also a reminder that life is tenacious. "We should not let our biases prevent us from looking for evidence of life in what we would otherwise consider an unexpected place." Including other planets and moons.

地球上的第一個(gè)生命出現(xiàn)在約40億年以前。這些先驅(qū)生物出現(xiàn)的其中一個(gè)地方是深海熱泉和深海。那里不尋常的化學(xué)物質(zhì)為原始生命形態(tài)提供了生存下去的能量。現(xiàn)在深海熱泉發(fā)現(xiàn)了能?chē)娚浼淄榈奈⑸铩?/p>

研究人員首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了能產(chǎn)生甲烷的生物生活在類似極端環(huán)境的證據(jù)，而這個(gè)地方位于地球表面，那就是加利福尼亞州北部的雪松泉。這里的水很普通，酸堿值為11.6。但是水里沒(méi)有氧氣。這可不是一個(gè)容易生存的地方。

研究人員對(duì)雪松泉里的水和沉積物進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。一些樣本里含有氯化汞，可以致死任何生命。這類樣本不能產(chǎn)生甲烷。而可以讓微生物生存的樣本會(huì)釋放出甲烷。這表明，至少該泉水里的一些甲烷的確是生物起源。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)刊登在《地球物理學(xué)研究雜志：生物地球科學(xué)》上。

這一研究對(duì)減緩氣候變化有啟示意義。安曼一處具有類似地質(zhì)的泉水被推薦作為碳儲(chǔ)存地，輸送被注入地下巖石儲(chǔ)存的二氧化碳。但是雪松泉的極端微生物可以利用二氧化碳制造甲烷，甲烷是一種更強(qiáng)的溫室氣體。“想象一下，將二氧化碳輸送至地下，然后再把它變成甲烷。”紐芬蘭紀(jì)念大學(xué)的生物化學(xué)家佩妮·莫里爾表示，“這不一定會(huì)發(fā)生，但是這是在這類地方完全實(shí)現(xiàn)碳捕捉和儲(chǔ)存技術(shù)之前要進(jìn)行的測(cè)試?！?/p>

莫里爾表示，這項(xiàng)研究還提醒人們生命是頑強(qiáng)的?！拔覀儾粦?yīng)該因?yàn)槠?jiàn)而停止在意想不到的地方尋找生命證據(jù)的腳步”。這些地方包括其他星球和月球。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. for the first time 首次;第一次;

例句：For the first time luck hooked onto me.

運(yùn)氣第一次降臨到我頭上。

2. at least 至少，起碼;

例句：At least this second meeting had helped to thaw the atmosphere.

這第二次會(huì)議至少起到了緩和氣氛的作用。

3. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止;制止;阻礙;

例句：Cotton mittens will prevent the baby from scratching his own face.

棉的連指手套使嬰兒不會(huì)抓傷自己的臉。

4. look for 尋找，尋求，謀求(解決方案或新的方法);

例句：The working group will be looking for practical solutions to the problems faced by doctors.

工作小組將尋求切實(shí)可行的方案，以解決醫(yī)生們遇到的難題。

2020托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)：腸道細(xì)菌之間存在互惠互利關(guān)系

It's one of the underwater world's classic partnerships:clownfish and Nemo hides out in the anemone, which helps keep predatory fish at bay.

"But at the same time there are other fish species that will kind of nibble on the sea anemones, and the clownfish will actually go out and scare them away." Jeff Gore, a biophysicist at MIT.

"So in this case there's across-protection mutualism between these two species in which they help to avoid predation."

Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals.

But Gore studies the same sort of mutualism in microbes.

He and his team demonstrated the first experimental example of that cross-protective relationship in drug-resistant microbes, using two strains of antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria:

one resistant to ampicillin, the other to chloramphenicol.

The researchers grew the bacteria together in a test tube, in the presence of both antibiotics.

And rather than succumbing to the drugs, each bacterial strain deactivated one of the two antibiotics—thus protecting the other strain.

That activity led to a stable coexistence over time.

Which Gore says could in theory give the bugs an opportunity to swap resistance genes, through what’s called horizontal gene transfer—one bacterium donates genetic material to another.

Any such transfer could make either or both strains individually resistant to both types of antibiotics.

The findings are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The same story might play out in our guts, too—but it's too early to translate it into medical guidance.

"It's always important to remember that just because we see a particular dynamic in the laboratory doesn't mean we should immediately go and change our clinical dosing practices.

But then those sorts of results are then used as a guide for the kinds of phenomena that clinicians may want to watch out for in their circumstances."

Cause the more we know about this bacterial buddy system, the better we may be at breaking it up if they team up against us.

這是水下世界中存在的傳統(tǒng)伙伴關(guān)系:小丑魚(yú)尼莫藏身于海葵中躲避食肉魚(yú)類。

“但與此同時(shí)其它魚(yú)類也會(huì)一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)啃食?？@時(shí)小丑魚(yú)就會(huì)躥出來(lái)將它們嚇走?！甭槭±砉W(xué)院的生物物理學(xué)家杰夫?格爾說(shuō)道。

“因此在這種情況下這兩個(gè)物種就形成了互惠共生關(guān)系?！?/p>

動(dòng)物互惠互利關(guān)系.jpg

這種互相保護(hù)的關(guān)系經(jīng)?？梢栽趦煞N動(dòng)物間看到。

但格爾研究了微生物中的這種互惠共生關(guān)系。

他和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)兩種耐藥性大腸桿菌進(jìn)行了研究，通過(guò)首個(gè)試驗(yàn)例子展現(xiàn)出抗藥性微生物之間的這種互惠共生關(guān)系:

一種菌株耐氨芐青霉素，而另一種則耐氯霉素。

研究人員在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)試管兩種抗生素都存在的情況下將這兩種菌株同時(shí)培養(yǎng)。

結(jié)果表明，這兩種菌株非但沒(méi)有向抗生素屈服，而是每種菌株各自抵抗其中的一種，從而保護(hù)對(duì)方。

這樣的行為能使菌種穩(wěn)定的共存。

而格爾表示，理論上講這種行為使得細(xì)菌互相交換抗性基因，這就是我們所說(shuō)的水平基因轉(zhuǎn)移，期間一種細(xì)菌將自己的遺傳物質(zhì)奉獻(xiàn)給另一個(gè)。

腸道中不同細(xì)菌之間或也存在互惠互利關(guān)系.jpg

任何這樣的轉(zhuǎn)移可以使兩種菌株的其中一種或者兩者對(duì)兩種類型的抗生素產(chǎn)生抗性。

這項(xiàng)研究已在《國(guó)家科學(xué)研究進(jìn)展》雜志上發(fā)表。

這種同樣的事情可能也在我們的腸道中上演，但把它變成醫(yī)學(xué)指導(dǎo)方針可能為時(shí)過(guò)早。

重要的一點(diǎn)是要牢記，因?yàn)槲覀冎辉趯?shí)驗(yàn)室中見(jiàn)過(guò)的這種特別行為并不意味著我們就可以立即采用并改變醫(yī)學(xué)指導(dǎo)方針。

但當(dāng)臨床醫(yī)生想要在工作中進(jìn)行觀察時(shí)，這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以作為研究這種互惠共生的一種指導(dǎo)方針。

因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)細(xì)菌這樣的體系了解的越多，在它們聯(lián)合起來(lái)對(duì)付我們時(shí)，我們就越可能更好的消滅它們。

1.hide out 躲藏在外

例句:Can I hide out with you?

我可以隱藏了你?

2.translate into 翻譯成…;把…轉(zhuǎn)化成

例句:Today, it may translate into confusion and a daunting level of research and mentalinvestment.

今天，它可能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛靵y和使人畏縮程度的研究和心智的投資。

3.lead to 導(dǎo)致

例句:A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.

不夠謹(jǐn)慎可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致財(cái)政上出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。

4.play out 逐漸發(fā)生;展開(kāi)

例句:Her union reforms were played out against a background of rising unemployment.

她對(duì)工會(huì)的改革是在失業(yè)率不斷上升的背景下展開(kāi)的。